玄武岩纤维层合复合材料层间增韧方法研究

对玄武岩纤维织物层合复合材料进行层间增韧改性实验研究,对不同增韧方法下材料的增韧效果进行对比。实验中分别采用静电纺PA6纳米纤维膜及玻纤表面毡作为增韧材料,对增韧改性前后层合复合材料的II型层间断裂韧性、冲击后剩余压缩强度(CAI)进行了测试与分析。实验结果显示,两种增韧层材料均可显著改善玄武岩纤维复合材料层间韧性,复合材料II型层间断裂韧性分别提高41.74%和56.86%,材料CAI值分别提高19.6%和23.81%。两种增韧层材料各有优势,在玄武岩纤维层合复合材料层间增韧方面都具有应用潜力。将二者结合构建的混杂增韧层也具有一定的增韧能力,但在界面相容改性等方面有待进行深入研究与优化,以期改善增韧效果。     

Al2O3填充聚酰亚胺改性环氧树脂/玻璃纤维导热复合材料的制备与性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂改性的氧化铝为导热填料,聚酰亚胺改性环氧树脂为基体,通过高温模压法制备了Al2O3填充聚酰亚胺/环氧导热玻纤复合材料,研究Al2O3和聚酰亚胺含量对复合材料热性能、力学性能和介电性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的热导率随着纳米Al2O3粒子含量的增加而增加。当Al2O3粒子的填充量为50%时,复合材料的热导率可达1.239W/(m.K)。复合材料冲击强度和弯曲强度随粒子含量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,当Al2O3粒子的填充量为20%时,材料的冲击强度为376.3kJ/m2,弯曲强度为912.6MPa。聚酰亚胺改性的复合材料具有较好的介电性能、热稳定性和耐热老化性。     

PEEK层间增韧碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料的性能研究

为了改善碳纤维/环氧树脂(CF/EP)层合板层间断裂韧性较差的问题,采用预浸料层间涂层和模压工艺制备聚醚醚酮(PEEK)层间增韧CF/EP层合板。探究PEEK含量对CF/EP层合板Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性和冲击强度的影响。结果表明:PEEK的加入有效提高CF/EP层合板的Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性和冲击强度。当PEEK含量为2%,层合板的断裂韧性和冲击强度分别达到1 253 J/m²和259 kJ/m²,与纯层合板相比分别提高61.5%和32.8%。实验分析PEEK增韧机理,为研究高附加值复合材料产品提供参考。     

钇补强颗粒弥散陶瓷复合材料增韧机制的微观结构表征

在Al2O3/（W,Ti）C陶瓷复合材料中适量添加稀土元素钇能显著提高其断裂韧性。本文运用SEM与TEM技术,从微观结构的角度探讨了其增韧机制。表明,由于稀土钇的添加,使材料内部形成不同程度的强弱界面,它们与扩展中的裂纹相互作用,使得裂纹桥联、裂纹分支、裂纹偏转以及微裂纹增韧机制得到明显增加和加强,从而以多种增韧机制及其协同作用共同提高稀土补强Al2O3/（W,Ti）C陶瓷复合材料的断裂韧性。     

双马来酰亚胺改性芳香胺固化环氧树脂的研究

针对环氧树脂(EP)耐湿热性差和韧性不足的缺点,用双马来酰亚胺(BMI)对常用的芳香族二元胺(DA)固化剂进行扩链改性。研究了改性4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)固化剂对7种环氧树脂固化物的力学性能、热性能和工艺性能的影响,优化出一种BMI改性环氧树脂基体。改性树脂浇铸体韧性好、耐热性高,断裂韧性GIC195J/m2,断裂延伸率3.37%,Tg218℃,135℃弯曲强度保持率72.2%,沸水饱和吸湿率3.3%;其碳纤维复合材料综合性能良好、断裂韧性高、耐湿热性好,横向拉伸强度75.5MPa,层间断裂韧性GIC267J/m2,135℃湿态弯曲强度保持率70.5%,132℃湿态层间剪切强度保持率49.5%。     

SiC基层状复合材料界面层的选择

利用凝胶注模成型SiC基体层 ,以喷涂法、流延法、金属箔法、浸涂法分别加涂W ,W -2 % (质量分数 ,下同 )Co ,Ta,BN界面层 ,通过热压烧结制备了SiC/W ,SiC/W -2 %Co ,SiC/Ta ,SiC/BN层状复合材料 .在复合材料高温制备过程中 ,金属W ,W -2 %Co ,Ta与SiC反应生成了碳化物和硅化物 ,失去了金属塑性 ,未能实现裂纹尾流区桥接、残余应力增韧等金属界面层层状复合材料赖以大幅度提高其强韧性的增韧机制 ,其增韧效果仅与BN陶瓷界面层的增韧效果相当 .此外 ,研究表明 ,提高基体层力学性能可以显著提高层状复合材料的强韧性 .制备的SiC/BN层状复合材料的室温三点弯曲强度为 72 9.86± 114 .0 2MPa、室温断裂韧性为 2 0 .5 8± 2 .77MPa·m1 /2 ,其主要增韧机制包括裂纹分叉钝化、裂纹偏转、裂纹并行扩展以及裂纹尾流区片层拔出等     

改性环氧树脂制备复合材料层间断裂韧性的实验研究

采用纳米SiO2对环氧树脂改性并通过RTM工艺制成碳/环氧复合材料,观察纳米粒子在复合材料中的分布情况,测试复合材料的层间断裂韧性并用显微镜观察断裂面形貌.结果表明,纳米粒子在复合材料厚度方向和沿预裂纹的面内方向均没有明显的过滤性,改性后的碳/环氧复合材料的层间断裂韧性比改性前提高45％,断裂面更粗糙,纳米SiO2对环氧树脂的增韧效果良好.     

埃洛石纳米管对PVC/CPE复合材料性能的影响

制备了PVC/CPE/埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）复合材料,研究了HNTs对PVC/CPE复合材料力学性能、微观形貌及热性能的影响.结果显示,HNTs对PVC/CPE材料的增韧效果与基体的韧性及HNTs的添加量有关.当基体韧性较低时,添加少量的HNTs可显著提高PVC/CPE的冲击强度,同时,材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和热性能也得到一定的提高.当m（PVC）∶m（CPE）∶m（HNTs）=100∶ 3∶3时,复合材料的冲击强度可达22.17 J/m2,为纯PVC基体树脂的3.4倍,复合材料的冲击断面较粗糙,HNTs在基体中分散较均匀.     

热压烧结工艺制备Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料的物相组成和显微结构研究

本实验采用机械合金化工艺结合热处理工艺制备Fe3Al金属间化合物粉末,并将Fe3Al粉末与Al2O3粉末相混合制备Fe3Al/Al2O3复合粉末,并通过热压烧结工艺制备Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料块材试样,对Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料的物相组成,显微结构和力学性能进行研究.结果表明采用机械合金化工艺球磨60h后得到Fe-Al金属间化合物粉末.并经过800℃和1000℃热处理后得到Fe3Al金属间化合物粉末.经过热压烧结后得到的Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料块材主要有Fe3Al相和Al2O3相.Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料的显微结构均匀致密.Fe3Al晶粒均匀分布在Al2O3基体中,Fe3Al晶粒的平均颗粒尺寸为3～4μm,而Al2O3基体颗粒尺寸为4～5 μm.随着基体中Fe3Al合金含量的增加,Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料的密度和相对密度逐渐增加;Fe3 Al/Al2O3复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性逐渐增加;Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料的洛氏硬度和弹性模量逐渐降低.Fe3Al/Al2O3复合材料具有较高的力学性能是由于复合材料具有均匀致密的显微结构.     

碳纳米管薄膜增强复合材料Ⅰ型断裂韧性研究

利用浮动催化化学气相沉积法在单向炭纤维布表面原位沉积碳纳米管薄膜,研究了不同面密度碳纳米管薄膜在复合材料层压板层间断裂韧性方面的增强效果及其机理。实验结果表明,Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性随碳纳米管薄膜面密度的增加先提高后降低;当碳纳米管薄膜面密度为9.89 g/m~2时,Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性效果最好,提高约45%。碳纳米管薄膜作为层间插层显著提高复合材料分层阻抗,其增韧机理主要为碳纳米管桥接基体裂纹、碳纳米管在树脂基中滑移以及拔出等。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.