生物降解性塑料PBS的研究进展

介绍了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的合成工艺,包括溶液聚合法、熔融缩聚法、扩链法等;阐述了PBS的改性途径,包括共混改性、共聚改性、交联改性等;概述了PBS的应用及产业化进程;对PBS的发展前景进行了展望。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯产业现状及技术进展

分析了国内外聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)及其原料丁二酸、1-4-丁二醇的生产现状;介绍了PBS的合成及改性技术,包括直接酯化法、酯交换法、扩链法、共聚改性和共混改性的研究进展;展望了我国PBS产业的发展趋势,预计到2020年我国PBS需求量将达3 000 kt,市场前景广阔;指出开发环保的丁二酸技术、优化PBS聚合工艺及低成本改性是今后我国PBS产业的研究重点。     

生物降解塑料聚丁二酸丁二酯的改性研究进展

对近年来国内外在聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)物理与化学改性方面的研究进展情况进行了综述,其中物理改性方面包括无机填料改性、成核剂改性、天然高分子材料改性和生物降解塑料改性等,化学改性方面包括脂肪族聚酯共聚、芳香族聚酯共聚、扩链改性、交联改性等。最后指出了目前PBS改性存在的问题,并对PBS在未来的发展方向作了展望。     

顺酐下游产品——聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的改性技术研究进展

综述了顺酐下游产品—聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的国内外改性技术及制品的研究进展,并提出PBS改性的未来发展方向。     

可完全生物降解PBS的共混改性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混改性的研究,包括PBS/淀粉复合材料、PBS/无机材料复合材料、PBS/植物纤维复合材料、PBS/其他聚合物复合材料的制备方法与性能,并展望了其发展前景。     

生物降解塑料的产业化现状与前景

概述了目前国内外生物降解塑料的产业化现状和应用前景,包括淀粉基生物降解塑料、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、二氧化碳基共聚物(PPC),重点介绍了PPC的产品性能、技术发展趋势及商业化前景。     

二元PLA/PBS基可降解复合材料的增韧耐热性能研究

通过添加马来酸酐(MAH)、玻纤(GF)、增塑剂(ZRJ-121)等助剂实现聚乳酸(PLA)与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的共混改性,制备了高韧耐热二元PLA/PBS基可降解复合材料,考察了不同改性体系及玻纤含量对PLA/PBS合金增韧耐热性能的影响,结果表明：改性PLA/PBS复合材料具有较高的韧性,C1样品的断裂伸长率及冲击强度可分别达到40.36%和4.4 kJ/m²;MAH改性复合材料体系具有更高的结晶度、抗拉强度及弹性模量,且随着玻纤含量的增加,抗拉强度无明显变化,而弹性模量逐渐上升,断裂伸长率和冲击强度逐渐下降;改性PLA/PBS复合材料的维卡软化点接近120℃,初始降解温度可达247.38℃,显示出优异的耐热性能。总之,MAH改性PLA/PBS复合材料具有优异的增韧耐热性能,该研究拓展了可降解复合材料在眼镜框制造领域的应用。     

PBS及其共聚酯生物降解性能的研究进展

综述了PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)、PBS基脂肪族共聚酯,PBS基芳香族共聚酯的结构和生物降解性能,并分别总结了它们的结构和生物降解性能之间的关系.PBS基脂肪族共聚酯分为线型PBS基脂肪族共聚酯和枝状PBS基脂肪族共聚酯,分别对它们进行了介绍.得出了PBS及其共聚酯的结构、分子量、聚酯形态、熔点、结晶度等与共聚酯的生物降解性之间的关系.     

几种改性生物基塑料在汽车上的应用

综述了目前聚乳酸(PLA)、聚羟基脂肪酸类高分子(PHAs)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)等几种常用的典型生物基可降解塑料在汽车上的开发情况、应用潜力及改性研究进展,指出了车用生物基可降解塑料发展的难点,展望了未来生物基可降解塑料在汽车上的应用前景。     

马来酸酐和富马酸对聚丁二酸丁二酯的改性研究

在聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)分子主链中添加带有不饱和键的马来酸酐(MAH)和富马酸(FA)单体,得到了含有不饱和键的,具有顺、反结构的PBS基共聚物。通过广角X射线衍射、热重分析、差示扫描量热分析和拉力测试等分析手段,研究了不同结构共聚物的性能。结果表明,随着MAH和FA含量的增加,两种改性后的PBS基共聚物的晶粒尺寸减小;玻璃化转变温度都有所降低;共聚物的热稳定性都略有降低,但高于300℃,仍具有良好的热稳定性;共聚物的拉伸强度差异较大,但断裂伸长率明显提高。在PBS主链中形成顺、反结构的两种单体的添加对PBS基共聚物性能的影响没有太大差别。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。