MC尼龙／Sm2O3纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

用原位分散聚合法制备了一系列MC尼龙/Sm2O3纳米复合材料,并对其结构和力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,纳米Sm2O3使MC尼龙晶格尺寸发生了一定程度的改变;纳米Sm2O3的加入可以明显改善MC尼龙的力学性能,对MC尼龙同时具有增强和增韧双重效果;MC尼龙/Sm2O3纳米复合材料的力学性能随着纳米Sm2O3用量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势.当纳米Sm2O3的质量分数为0.5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值,分别比MC尼龙提高了18.8%和91.5%,当纳米Sm2O3的质量分数为1.0%时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度、穹曲强度和弯曲弹性模量达到最大值,分别比MC尼龙基体提高了36.6%、11.2%和11.5%.     

钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/ZnO复合材料

用钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料。当纳米ZnO加入量为2%时,MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料力学综合性能最优,与纯MC尼龙6相比,其拉伸强度提高28.4%,断裂伸长率提高152.7%,弯曲模量提高30.2%,冲击强度提高60.5%。从SEM分析可见,ZnO在MC尼龙6中分布均匀,达到纳米级分散;从XRD分析可见,纳米ZnO没有改变MC尼龙6的结晶形态。     

MC尼龙/纳米Al2O3复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位聚合技术制备了纳米Al2O3增强单体浇铸(MC)尼龙复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜观察其断口形貌纳米粒子分布状况,并测试、分析了纳米Al2O3含量对对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，采用原位聚合技术可获得的纳米粒子分布均匀、综合性能优良的纳米复合材料，当纳米Al2O3质量分数的4%时，MC尼龙/纳米Al2O3复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度和弯曲强度均达到最大值，分别比纯MC尼龙提高了19%、33%和11%。     

环氧树脂改性MC尼龙的研究

针对单体浇铸尼龙(MC尼龙)缺口冲击强度低的缺点,采用环氧树脂(EP)对其进行改性。结果表明,EP改性MC尼龙的优化配方为已内酰胺100份、EP3份、NaOH 0．4份、甲苯二异氰酸酯1．0份,改性后MC尼龙的缺口冲击强度有明显提高,达30．68kJ／m^2。     

改性MC尼龙在榨糖机轴瓦上的应用

介绍采用在MC尼龙聚合过程中添加纳米CaCO3和石墨制备改性MC尼龙的方法,比较了改性MC尼龙与普通MC尼龙的性能,并用改性MC尼龙制成糖厂榨糖机上的轴瓦,生产试用后可满足用户的使用要求。     

MC尼龙6/SiO2纳米复合材料的制备与表征

用原位聚合法制备了MC尼龙6／SiO2纳米复合材料。当纳米SiO2的加入量为1％时，复合材料的力学综合性能最优。与纯MC尼龙相比，拉伸强度提高21％，弯曲模量提高40．3％，简支梁冲击强度提高69．1％，断裂伸长率降低43％。随着纳米SiO2含量的增加，复合材料的力学性能呈现降低趋势。采用SEM、XRD和DSC对产物进行了表征，表明采用修饰后的纳米SiO2加入到产物中，粒子分布均匀，粒径分布窄，粒子的粒径在30nm左右。随着纳米SiO2加入量的增加，MC尼龙6／SiO2纳米复合材料的结晶度下降。复合材料的熔点比未改性的纯MC尼龙6提高了2～3℃左右。     

原位聚合La2O3/MC尼龙复合材料的制备与性能

通过La2O3与己内酰胺原位聚合制备改性MC尼龙,研究了未处理的La2O3及偶联剂KH-550处理的La2O3对MC尼龙拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度、吸水率、收缩率、尺寸稳定性等性能的影响规律,并运用DSC分析了La2O3对MC尼龙熔点、稳定性的作用。结果表明:La2O3对改善MC尼龙的吸水率、稳定性以及力学性能都有较明显的效果。     

MC尼龙／纳米CaSO4复合材料的制备与表征

采用原位聚合反应制备MC尼龙／纳米CaSO4复合材料并对其性能、形貌和结晶形态进行了分析。分析结果表明：复合材料中纳米CaSO4达到了纳米级分散,起到同时增强增韧的作用,复合材料拉伸强度比MC尼龙提高17．4％;弯曲模量提高26．9％;冲击强度提高16．7％。纳米CaSO4的引入没有改变尼龙6的结晶形态;修饰后的纳米CaSO4有利于在MC尼龙中均匀分散。     

MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550修饰纳米ZnO,制备了MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料。力学性能测试表明,当纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时复合材料的力学性能最优,拉伸强度比纯MC尼龙6提高25.6%,断裂伸长率提高165.6%,简支梁冲击强度提高70.1%,这说明纳米ZnO可起到同时增强增韧的作用。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时,纳米ZnO在MC尼龙6基体中分散最好,达到了纳米级分散;由X衍射分析发现,纳米ZnO没有改变MC尼龙6的结晶形态,纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时复合材料的结晶形态结构优越。     

MC尼龙6/纳米SiO2复合材料的合成

用原位聚合法制备MC尼龙6／纳米SiO2复合材料。当纳米SiO2的加入量为1％时,力学综合性能最优。与纯MC尼龙相比,拉伸强度提高21％,弯曲模量提高40．3％,简支梁冲击强度提高69．1％,断裂伸长率降低43％。随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能呈现减小趋势。采用SEM、XRD对产物进行了表征,表明采用修饰后的纳米SiO2加入到产物中,粒子分布均匀,粒径分布窄,粒子的粒径在30nm左右。随着纳米SiO2加入量的增加,MC尼龙6／纳米SiO2复合材料的结晶度下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。