纳米CaCO_3对高浓度聚烯烃色母粒色彩性能的影响

将纳米CaCO3加入到有机蓝颜料的浆料中经充分搅拌、干燥制备高浓度聚烯烃色母粒。利用测色仪测定用色母粒制成的薄膜和样板的着色力和遮盖力,研究纳米CaCO3对色母粒色彩性能的影响。结果表明,在不改变被着色制品色彩性能的前提下,纳米CaCO3可以替代部分颜料,最大替代比例可达到30%。在色母粒浓度为50%时,纳米CaCO3替代颜料的效果较好。当纳米CaCO3替代比例为15%时,所得制品的色彩性能与纯有机蓝颜料色母粒最为接近。     

不同颜料浓度时添加高熔体流动速率PE-LLD的色母粒性能研究

以高熔体流动速率的线形低密度聚乙烯（PE-LLD）与低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）混合作为载体,不添加任何分散剂制成不同颜料浓度的蓝色母粒。研究了该体系的加工流变性能、母粒的着色性能以及分散性能,并与以低相对分子质量聚乙烯蜡作为分散剂的PE-LD色母粒进行了对比。结果表明,当颜料浓度为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,以PE-LLD/PE-LD作为载体,不用添加任何分散剂,制品的力学性能和色彩性能都可达到使用要求;但当颜料浓度达到40 %及以上时,以PE-LLD/PE-LD为载体和添加聚乙烯蜡2种加工方法都不能得到合格的制品。     

纳米CaCO_3和立德粉在白色PE母粒中的应用研究

以纳米CaCO_3和立德粉部分替代钛白粉(TiO_2)用熔融法制备了白色聚乙烯(PE)母粒,研究了白色母粒的流动性能、分散性能、着色性能以及着色制品的力学性能。结果表明,纳米CaCO_3的引入可明显改善色母粒的加工流动性,提高着色制品的力学性能,但着色效果有一定程度降低,当纳米CaCO_3替代量为50%时,色母粒的加工流动性提高72.6%,拉伸强度提高4.7%,白度值下降12.97。立德粉具有类似效果,立德粉替代量为50%的色母粒加工流动性提高22.8%,拉伸强度提高3.4%,白度值下降7.69。纳米CaCO_3和立德粉的分散性好于TiO_2。     

纳米硫酸钡对高浓度聚烯烃色母粒色彩性能的影响

将纳米BaSO4加入到颜料的浆料中进行充分搅拌、干燥,制备成高浓度聚烯烃色母粒。利用测色仪测定色母粒制成的薄膜和样板制品的着色力和遮盖力,研究其对色母粒色彩性能的影响。结果表明:在不改变被着色制品色彩性能的前提下,纳米BaSO4可以替代部分颜料,替代最大比例可达到30%。在色母粒浓度为50%时,纳米BaSO4替代颜料的效果最好。当纳米BaSO4替代比例为20%时,所得制品的色彩性能与纯PB15:3蓝颜料色母粒最为接近。     

高MFR的LDPE在聚烯烃色母粒中的应用

将熔体流动速率(MFR)分别为20,40,80,200g/10 min的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)分别与MFR为7g/10 min的LDPE以质量比为1:1共混,制备颜料质量分数为30%的蓝色母粒。采用毛细管流变仪研究该系列色母粒的加工流变性能、着色性能及制品的力学性能,并与经典的聚乙烯蜡色母粒配方对比。结果表明:将高MFR的LDPE应用于聚烯烃色母粒体系,在不使用聚乙烯蜡的情况下,可制备出综合性能优良的新型色母粒。     

两种钴蓝颜料在聚烯烃色母粒中的应用研究

通过X射线光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对钴蓝颜料元素种类及含量、结晶性能、颜料粒子形貌及分布的研究,了解两种钴蓝颜料的微观差异;将两种钴蓝颜料应用于色母粒,采用积分球式测色仪、显微镜和熔体流动速率仪,分析了色母粒及其着色制品的着色力、分散性能、遮盖性能及色母粒的加工流动性能差异。结果表明,恰当的钴铝含量可以使钴蓝颜料在制品中有良好的着色效果;颜料表面元素中碳含量高有利于颜料在塑料中的分散,制备的色母粒加工流动性能更好;原生粒子小的钴蓝颜料充分分散后其着色效果比原生粒子大的更好;而对于40%钴蓝颜料含量的色母粒,采用5%的蜡作为分散剂,可以达到很好的分散效果。     

不同红颜料对原液着色PA6纤维母粒性能的影响

选用苝系、偶氮、吡咯三种类型红颜料分别与聚酰胺6(PA6)进行熔融共混挤出制备PA6红母粒。通过粒径分析仪、光学显微镜、毛细管流变仪分别研究三种颜料的粒径分布、颜料在PA6树脂中的分散性能以及母粒流变性能。结果表明,加入苝系和偶氮颜料制备的母粒熔体黏度更接近纯PA6,苝系颜料粒径较小且在PA6树脂中的分散性较好。在此基础上,研究了不同含量的苝系颜料在PA6树脂中的着色、结晶等性能以及对PA6色丝可纺性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,苝系颜料质量分数为0.4%时,所制PA6色板的着色力相对较高;着色纤维表面光滑,可纺性好;断裂强度基本不变,断裂伸长率略有增加。     

聚酰胺用蓝色母粒的制备与分散性能研究

以低密度聚乙烯为载体树脂,酞菁蓝为颜料,聚乙烯蜡、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(AC–540A)为分散剂,用双螺杆挤出造粒法制备颜料含量为20%的蓝色母粒。将制得的蓝色母粒用于聚酰胺(PA)6的着色。评价了不同分散剂种类及含量对PA6色彩性能和颜料分散性能的影响。结果表明,选用AC–540A为分散剂,其含量为3%时,PA6制品的–b*值最大(蓝色最明显),反射率最高,透射率最低,以偏光显微镜观察发现酞菁蓝颜料在PA6中分散均匀。     

硅藻土在聚烯烃色母粒中的应用研究

将硅藻土与有机蓝颜料在双辊开炼机上直接混合制成色母粒,并对聚烯烃进行着色。利用加硫成型试验机制备色板和薄膜,利用测色仪测定色板的反射率、L*、a*、b*值、着色力以及色差,通过光学电子显微镜观察了薄膜中颜料粒子的分散情况,研究硅藻土对色母粒着色性能、分散性能及耐热性能的影响。结果表明,硅藻土可替代部分有机蓝颜料,当替代质量分数为5%~25%时,制成的色母粒能够提高塑料制品的着色性能。此外,当硅藻土替代有机蓝颜料比例为25%时,颜料的着色性能最佳,着色聚烯烃制品的耐热温度提高10℃左右。     

湿法碳酸钙替代钛白粉在ABS母粒中的性能研究

以ABS白色母粒为研究对象,分析了湿法碳酸钙CC-6000和轻质纳米碳酸钙QZNM对ABS白色母粒色彩性能和冲击强度的影响。采用SEM分析了两种碳酸钙的粒子形貌,并将其用于制备ABS白色母粒,采用Data Color测色仪探讨了两种Ca CO3替代部分金红石型钛白粉制备白色母粒的色彩性能,同时测试了样条的冲击强度。结果表明:用CC-6000替代钛白粉制备的色母粒,在替代量为20%时,其在ABS制品中的着色性能保持不变,与纯颜料的性能极为相近,色差值达到最小。采用CC-6000替代钛白粉其色彩性能和冲击强度都要优于轻质纳米钙QZNM。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。