Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

Lanthanide NIR luminescence for telecommunications, bioanalyses and solar energy conversion

Present-day advanced technologies heavily rely on the exciting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to generate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is exploited in any modern fiber-optic telecommunication network. In this feature article, we first summarize the whereabouts underlying the design of highly luminescent NIR molecular edifices and materials. We then focus on describing the main trends in three applications related to this spectral range: telecommunications, biosciences, and solar energy conversion. In telecommunications, efforts concentrate presently on getting easily processable polymer-based waveguide amplifiers. Upconversion nanophosphors emitting in the visible after NIR excitation are now ubiquitous in many bioanalyses while their application to bio-imaging is still in its early stages; however, highly sensitive NIR-NIR systems start to be at hand for both in vitro and in vivo imaging, as well as dual probes combining magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Finally, both silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells benefit from the downconversion and upconversion capabilities of lanthanide ions to harvest UV and NIR solar light and to boost the overall quantum efficiency of these next-generation devices.     

Evaluation of D113 cation exchange resin for the removal of Eu(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution

Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions from aqueous solution by D113 resin. The results indicated that D113 resin could adsorb Eu(Ⅲ) ion effectively from aqueous solution. The adsorption was strongly dependent on pH of the medium with enhanced adsorption as the pH turned from 3.50 to 7.00 and the optimal adsorption condition was in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 6.50. The maximum uptake capacity of Eu(Ⅲ) ions was 290.9 mg/g D113 at 298 K, at an initial pH value of 6.50. The overall adsorption process was best described by Lagergren-first-order kinetics. When Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were tested, the latter had a better fit with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (G) which were all negative, indicated that the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions onto D113 resin was spontaneous and the positive value of enthalpy (H) showed that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Thomas model was applied to experimental column data to determine the characteristic parameters of column useful for process design. Furthermore, Eu(Ⅲ) could be eluted by using 3.0 mol/L HCl solution and the D113 resin could be regenerated and reused.     

Phase structure and temperature dependent luminescence properties of Sr2LiSiO4F: Eu2+ and Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+ phosphors

Green-emitting Sr2LiSiO4F:Eu2+ and blue-emitting Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized by the conventional high temperature solid-state route,respectively.Their structures and photoluminescenee properties were comparatively investigated.It was found that the mixture phases of Sr2MgSi2O7 and SrF2 were obtained when a part of Sr2+ in Sr2LiSiO4F was replaced by some amount of Mg2+ in order to design the possible SrMgLiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor.Based on the photoluminescence analysis,Sr2LiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor exhibited a green broad emission band of main peak at 513 nm under the excitation of 365 nm,while the Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ and SrMgLiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor showed blue emission centered at 467 nm.The temperature dependent photoluminescence properties and room temperature decay time for the three kinds of phosphors were also discussed in this paper.     

Er3+-substituted W-type barium ferrite: preparation and electromagnetic properties

Er3+-substituted W-type barium ferrites Ba1-xErx(Zn0.3Co0.7)2Fe16O27(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)were synthesized by polymer adsorbent combustion method.Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and network analyzer to investigate the relationships among Er3+concentration,crystal structure,surface mcrphology and electromagnetic properties.All the XRD patterns showed pure phase of W-type barium ferrite when x≤0.15,while the impurity phase of ErFeO3 appeared when x=0.20.The pure W-type barium ferrite showed a hexagonal flake shape.In addition,the microwave electromagnetic properties of samples were analyzed in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz.It was indicated that the electromagnetic properties were significantly improved when Er3+doping content was 0.10.The reasons were also discussed using electromagnetic theory.The optimized ferrite exhibited excellent microwave absoption performance.The maximum of reflection loss(RL)reached about-27.4 dB and RL was below-10dB at the frequency range from 8.4 GHz to 18 GHz,when the thickness was 2.6 mm.     

EXAFS investigation and luminescent properties of nanosized Tb: Lu2O3 phosphors

Nanosized terbium doped Lu2O3 phosphors were synthesized via a modified co-precipitation processing.The as-prepared Tb:Lu2O3 phosphors was consisted of well crystallized nanosized sphere particles with a diameter of about 30 nnx Local structure of Tb ions in Lu2O3 lattice was investigated by an analytical approach based on Fourier transformation of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) data.X-ray near edge structure (XANES) spectra suggested that all Tb ions doped were tervalonce.EXAFS results indicated that Tb ions have entered the Lu2O3 cubic lattice by means of solid solution.The coordination number and first shell Tb-O distance dropped with the increasing of Tb concentration.Emission spectra of the phosphors was shown to be typical for Tb3+ with main components at 542,550 and 490 nm,derived from irradiative relaxation of 5D4 level.The emission intensity decreased severely with the increasing of Tb concentration from 1 mol.% to 15 tool.%,suggesting a significant concentration quenching above 1 mol.% Tb.The reduction of emission intensity was interpreted by higher distortion derived relaxation among the surface state resident Tb3+ ions.     

Multi-Pass Simulation of Heavy Plate Rolling Including Intermediate Forced Cooling

Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) including accelerated cooling after the final hot rolling pass is a well-established technology,widely applied in HSLA steel plate production.However,there are still certain limitations,especially for thicker plate.The rolling schedule includes a long holding period (HP) after the roughing stage to allow the temperature to fall sufficiently for optimised TMCP during finishing.Intermediate Forced Cooling (IFC) applied during the HP can increase productivity by decreasing the required hold time,can restrict austenite grain growth,and can also improve the subsequent strain penetration in thick plate with further metallurgical benefits.Multi-pass plane strain compression (PSC) tests have been performed on the thermomechanical compression (TMC) machine at Sheffield University including different severities of IFC.Clearly it is impossible to simulate all aspects of the temperature and strain gradients present in thick plates in laboratory specimens,and most of the tests were conducted at temperatures and strains calculated by Finite Element modelling as relevant to specific positions through the plate thickness.However,some aspects of the gradients were addressed with tests using cold platens.The results have indeed shown that IFC can shorten the HP and reduce austenite grain growth and its variation across thick plate.     

Overview of Particles and Bubbles in Continuously Cast Steel

This paper gives an overview of phenomena associated with particles and bubbles in continuously cast steel. During steel processing from deoxidation to solidification the inclusion population undergoes changes with opportunities of removal. Flotation is an important separation mechanism. Inclusion particles may accumulate in the solidifying strand, thus forming enriched bands, which depend on the type of casting machine. Bubbles are created during inert gas injection. They also change in size, can float out, but also form accumulation bands. The interaction of bubbles and particles is discussed. Internal structure that recently has been observed on the inner surface of bubbles will be reviewed.     

烦恼 快乐 艺术——池莉“人生三部曲”解读

池莉的"人生三部曲"--<烦恼人生>、<不谈爱情>、<太阳出世>诉尽了普普通通的市民烦恼,小说中主人公被柴米油盐、吃喝拉撒、老婆孩子等琐事所烦着,从而构成他们的"烦恼人生".然而池莉通过自己的艺术创作,以积极的人生态度,又让读者体会到生活本身的快乐,"烦恼人生"中包含着"快乐人生".     

属性块在工程图形中的研究与应用

介绍了在工程图形中用属性块标注表面粗糙度的方法.采用属性块不仅能避免大量重复性的工作,还能节省大量的存储空间,具有提高绘图速度、质量,便于修改,资源共享等应用价值.     

钢铁材料研发的技术进展

中国的钢铁材料研发活动越来越活跃,研发领域不断拓展,先进钢铁材料不断涌现。钢铁研究总院结构材料研究所致力于先进钢铁材料的研发,取得了显著的成绩。本文综述近年来的各个钢铁材料领域研发的技术进展,包括了碳素结构钢、高强度低合金钢、合金结构钢、超高强度钢、轴承钢、不锈钢及耐蚀合金、耐热钢及合金、工模具钢,以及相关技术等。通过持续的技术研发活动,钢铁材料已经和必将不断发展和更新,形成了以“高性能、低成本、易加工、高精度、绿色化”为特征的先进钢铁材料。     

我国转炉炼钢的现状和发展

2003年我国转炉钢产量已接近1.9亿t,占我国钢产量的85.2%,约占世界转炉钢的25%。50～300t转炉由2001年的75座增至2003年的134座,工艺技术进一步优化。我国转炉冶炼新钢种和优质钢种增长迅速,其中包括低合金、耐候钢、TRIP(相变诱发塑性)钢以及合金结构钢、齿轮钢、轴承钢、锅炉用钢等特殊钢。今后转炉钢的增长主要是对条件较好转炉钢厂挖潜改造,进一步提高装备水平、扩大品种、提高质量以及降低消耗,改善环境。     

钢铁行业能源精准化管控集成系统的开发

在信息技术综合服务平台的基础上,以钢铁行业节能环保为目标,通过钢铁行业节能试验工程建设、钢铁企业能源精准化设计、钢铁企业能源综合管控、钢铁行业能源信息咨询服务四大平台的建设,开发出钢铁行业能源精准化管控集成系统。此项目的实施可降低钢铁企业吨钢综合能耗3%~5%,吨钢节省18.1kg标准煤,吨钢减少CO2排放超过45kg。     

鞍钢先进高强汽车用钢的研制开发

介绍了鞍钢先进高强汽车用钢开发研制情况,包括以980 MPa级DP钢、TRIP钢、TWIP钢和QP钢为代表的热轧、冷轧和热镀锌先进高强钢系列产品,以及鞍钢开发的先进高强钢热镀锌生产技术,并对鞍钢先进高强汽车钢未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

炼钢厂钢包红包出钢率的影响因素仿真简

 钢包红包出钢率的提高对优化钢包热状态、降低转炉出钢温度以及保证铸机恒拉速浇注都有重要意义。首先分析了炼钢厂钢包周转过程,然后建立了钢包周转过程的仿真模型,运行仿真模型并分析了空包时间、热修时间和修包包龄等因素对红包出钢率的影响,特别研究了钢包周转率与红包出钢率的关系。仿真结果表明：红包出钢率随空包时间增加而降低;日产45炉典型钢种时,随着热修时间增加,红包出钢率由94%减少到45%;修包包龄越高,红包出钢率增加越明显;同时,随着红包出钢率提高,钢包周转率在一定程度上也有所提高。仿真结果对炼钢厂提高红包出钢率和优化能源消耗具有重要指导意义。     

加入WTO后我国钢铁企业应对贸易壁垒的对策研究

目前全球钢铁业随着全球经济的衰退陷入低谷 ,钢材产量严重过剩 ,需求急剧衷退 ,钢价走低 ,国际钢材市场竞争空前激烈。而美国抛出的钢铁 2 0 1案无疑将加剧全球钢铁贸易冲突 ,将导致世界各国钢铁贸易政策的调整 ,造成全球钢铁市场的分化整合 ,中国作为世界第一钢铁大国 ,势必因此受到很大冲击 ,试图通过对我国钢铁工业贸易环境的分析 ,提出一些针对贸易壁垒的应对性策略     

不同钢种炉外精炼钙处理工艺的选择

 为了优化不同钢种的LF精炼钙处理工艺,研究了高强结构钢、低碳结构钢、焊瓶钢、耐磨钢、高碳钢在LF精炼及钙处理过程中夹杂物的演变机理。结果表明,渣 钢反应时间越长,钙处理前的夹杂物变性越彻底。钙处理前焊瓶钢夹杂物以Al2O3为主,高强结构钢、低碳结构钢夹杂物以MgO Al2O3 CaO复合夹杂为主;高碳钢、耐磨钢夹杂物以低熔点的Al2O3 CaO夹杂为主。钙处理工艺会增加钢液中夹杂物数量及尺寸。控制Al2O3 SiO2 MnO复合夹杂物的关键是避免LF精炼中后期进行硅锰合金化。综合考虑各方面因素,建议焊瓶钢增加当前的钙线喂入量,高强结构钢、低碳结构钢使用轻钙处理工艺,高碳钢、耐磨钢取消钙处理工艺。     

建筑用钢品种开发和技术发展的趋势

 建筑用钢是我国钢材消费最大的品种,快速发展的建筑业,为建筑用钢品种的开发和应用提供了广泛的市场。我国建筑用钢品种的开发和应用已经取得了巨大进步,但是建筑用钢的科研和应用技术开发仍然相对落后。这包括,钢材新品开发能力和建筑应用技术水平较低;高强度高性能钢材的消费比例偏低;冶金标准和应用技术规范更新滞后等等。我国建筑用钢的技术含量较低,至今仍属于基础类、低档次钢种,科研开发资金投入相对不足。建筑用钢品种的技术指标尚需进一步完善,尤其是抗震性能指标的制定需要深入的研究。本文对目前建筑用钢中厚板、耐候钢、耐火钢以及钢筋品种的开发和国际上技术发展趋势进行了分析梳理。     

宝钢钢渣在混凝土材料中资源化应用技术研究

通过对宝钢不同种类的钢渣化学成分和矿物岩相组成的X射线分析、钢渣微粉安定性、钢渣粒料稳定性、钢渣集料的磨耗值、放射性和碱度等基础特性的试验研究分析;进一步探讨了钢渣微粉、钢渣型砂、钢渣集料用于钢渣粉混凝土、钢渣透水混凝土、钢渣配重混凝土等新型混凝土及其制品在建筑工程中应用特点和性能;提出了钢渣在混凝土中资源化综合利用的发展路径。     

河钢集团汽车板产品研发与技术创新

 为了应对汽车行业对安全性、轻量化及节能环保的要求,河钢集团构建了汽车板生产、研发与EVI的创新体系,在此基础上实现了超深冲、高强钢系列品种的全覆盖,运用轻量化材料技术实现抗拉强度980 MPa 级的DP钢、780 MPa级的TRIP钢、1 500 MPa级的马氏体钢和热成形钢的批量供货,创新并实现了1 180 MPa级的DP钢、镀层热成形钢以及Q&P钢生产工艺。此外,介绍了河钢集团典型的轻量化钢种DP钢、马氏体钢、镀层热成形钢、Q&P钢的产品技术特点,指出汽车板材料轻量化和提升应用技术服务等是今后河钢集团汽车板产品结构调整与技术创新的发展方向。