无滑环绕线转子感应电动机的实际应用

针对传统绕线转子感应电动机由于转子回路串接电阻的起动模式所带来的一系列技术问题,本文提出转子回路无滑环碳刷不串接电阻的变极谐波起动方案。该方案针对大型绕线转子电机的特点,提出一种实现谐波起动的定子绕组新接法,该方法引进了"全绕组起动"的概念构造。正常运行时又可换接为标准绕组,转子绕组则采用"无感"的概念和复合线圈技术,新型绕线转子电机同样具有高起动转矩、低起动电流。同时它还具有高可靠性、高功率因数、高效率、高过载能力、低转差损耗的特点,节能效果明显。     

新型绕线转子自起动永磁同步电动机的设计

提出了一种新型绕线转子自起动永磁同步电动机,对其原理和结构进行了阐述.结合电机特例,说明了该种电机的设计方法.利用Ansoft仿真软件对该电机的起动过程进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明,该电动机在起动过程中随着转速的变化而实时调节转子外串起动电阻提高起动转矩,减小起动电流.改善起动性能.     

华中理工大学科研成果 “谐波起动绕线型异步电动机”通过鉴定

这种电动机的定子绕组采用双速,即经过两个开关可以转换为两种极数。其转子绕组在起动时三相绕组的电势为同相,电流通过串接电阻,串接电阻放在转子绕组的端部。在运行时,定子绕组改接,转子三相绕组的电势平衡,串接电阻不通过电流。这种绕线型电动机取消了传统型绕线转子电动机所用的滑环、电刷、外串电阻、联接转子引出线与短路开关之间的电缆,而在起动功能上可以完全取代传统式的绕线转子电动机,但没有调速功能。这种新型电动机的另一种办法是在转子绕组中采用无感绕组,即起动时,转子槽内两部分线圈的电流方向     

谐波起动无集电环绕线转子三相异步电动机

谐波起动无集电环绕线转子三相异步电动机结构新颖、性能优良,节电效果显著。电机起动时由电机绕组产生很强的谐波磁场,在特殊绕制的转子绕组中感应产生的电流流经电阻很大的转子回路,限制了起动电流、提高了起动转矩;当电机在接近额定转速运行时,起动谐波被消除,在基波作用下正常运行。根据不同的起动要求,电机有重载型和中、轻载起动型。电机可用于需要比笼型电机更大的起动转矩、馈电线路容量不足以起动笼型电动机、起动时间较长和起动比较频繁等场合。     

起重机用绕线转子自起动永磁同步电动机起动过程仿真

简要说明了绕线转子自起动永磁同步电动机的原理。使用Ansoft仿真软件对该电机的起动过程进行了仿真分析,对起动性能与同容量同极数的笼型自起动永磁同步电动机进行了分析比较。仿真结果显示,该电机在起动过程中通过实时调节转子外串电阻,使其跟随转速的变化而变化,增加了起动转矩,降低了起动电流,起动性能得到明显改善。     

绕线型变极电机设计中的特殊问题

由于绕线型变极调速感应电动机可通过转子电路串电阻而改善起动性能和调速性能,因而广泛用于中大型塔式起重机的电力传动。目前国内主要有两种类型绕线型双速电动机,其一为单套集电环的电机,另一为两套集电环的电机。它们的定子多数采用双绕组变极;而转子绕组采用单绕组变极,设计时除考虑一般的多速电动机的设计问题外,还必须考虑以下两个特殊问题,其一是定子绕组和转子绕组的接法,其二是槽漏抗的计算问题。     

谐波起动的新型电动机的研究

本文提出一种利用谐波起动交流电动机的新方法,并提出按该方法起动的绕线转子导步电动机、笼型异步电动机和隐极式同步电动机。用本方法起动时,要改变电机定子绕组联结法而产生很强的谐波磁场,依靠该谐波磁场和特殊设计的转子绕组相配合而改善起动性能。本文提出的三种新型电动机的共同特点是能设计成起动转矩大、起动电流小、可全电压起动的,对于绕线转子异步电动机,由于取消了转子上的电刷、滑环,转子上没有任何电的触点,因而提高了起动和运行的可靠性;对于笼型异步电动机,可提高其运行时的效率和功率因数;对于隐极式同步电动机,可使起动时容易牵入同步,并可取消为起动而装干转子上的阻尼笼。     

新型变极起动永磁同步电动机的参数计算及转矩分析

异步起动永磁同步电动机因其有较高的效率、功率因数和转矩密度而在高效节能场合的应用日益广泛,但由于其结构特点,在起动过程中定转子极数相同,会存在较大的发电制动转矩和脉动转矩,使得在起动过程中的最小转矩变小,严重影响电机的起动能力。该文基于一种新型6/8变极起动永磁同步电动机,实现起动时定子绕组6极、转子永磁体8极,以有效地削弱发电制动转矩和脉动转矩,提高起动能力;待一定时刻,定子绕组切换成8极完成牵入同步稳定运行。分别对该变极起动电机6极状态和8极状态下的电抗参数、磁场、转矩进行了分析及计算,得到6极起动情况下的各转矩分量-转速曲线,并与常规8极异步起动永磁同步电动机进行比较。结果表明,对于该变极起动电机6极起动过程中发电制动转矩和脉动转矩得到了有效地抑制,显著提高电机起动能力。最后,通过二维有限元模型仿真,以及对样机发电制动转矩的测量和空载起动实验,有效地验证了其正确性。     

单相凸极异步电动机及其起动方法

本文提出一种新型的单相单绕组异步电动机及其起动方法——单相凸极异步电动机及变极分相起动法。文章论述了新电机的原理、结构、设计要点以及变极分相起动法原理,并提出了新电机起动性能的计算方法。分析和实验结果表明,与相同尺寸的单相罩极电动机相比,新电机不仅结构简单,易于制造,材料节省,而且力能指标和起动转矩可大为提高,但必须附设一个从起动到运行状态的转换开关。     

单相环形绕组异步电动机的仿真研究

为了改善单相分布式绕组异步电动机绕线工序复杂、绕组槽满率低、绕组端部过长等缺点,研究了单相环形绕组异步电动机的可行性,论述了该电机的结构、设计要点。根据单相环形绕组异步电动机运行原理和结构的特点,利用Maxwell 2D有限元软件,搭建电机模型进行仿真计算,进而对电机的瞬态性能进行仿真模拟,计算出该电机的起动性能和输出功率,并且分析了该电机在额定转速运行时,铁心磁密的分布及饱和情况,为电机设计提供参考。     

MODIFIED ASYNCHRONOUS CASCADE MACHINE SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

The modelling of the modified asynchronous cascade machine system is done in order to study the features of such system under field-oriented frame of reference. The modified machine system has two stator windings and two sections of rotor winding on the same shaft One of the stator windings is connected to the ac network while the other winding is connected to an inverter capable of controlling power flow in both directions. This system can be operated in a wide speed range and both sections of the rotor winding can produce useful torque.     

Dual stator winding induction machine drive

A new dual stator winding induction machine drive is described in this paper. The proposed induction machine consists of a standard squirrel-cage rotor and a stator with two separate windings wound for a dissimilar number of poles. Each stator winding is fed from an independent variable-frequency variable-voltage inverter. The proposed drive offers such advantages as speed sensorless operation, better reliability, and more flexibility to manipulate the resultant torque-speed curve of the motor. In the proposed drive, zero-speed operation is achieved by independently controlling the two sets of stator currents, hence, maintaining a minimum electrical frequency independent of the mechanical speed. This feature is especially important to minimize the negative impact of the stator resistance influence at low-speed operation and it greatly simplifies the implementation of speed sensorless control schemes. The drive is well suited for either constant volts per hertz or field-oriented (FO) operation. Circulating harmonic currents, common to most dual stator machines, are eliminated by the dissimilar pole number in each stator winding     

IPM Traction Machine With Single Layer Non-Overlapping Concentrated Windings

In this paper, an interior permanent-magnet traction drive machine with single layer non-overlapping concentrated stator winding is analyzed. In the single layer winding design, the number of stator slots and a winding factor are specifically considered. Moreover, the effect of varying the coil pitch on the winding factor and torque pulsations is investigated. A new calculation method is proposed, whereby the constant torque and field-weakening speed characteristics of the machine drive can be predicted using torque and flux linkage functions. The measured and predicted field-weakening performance of a 150-kW direct traction drive machine is presented.     

基于串级绕组的新型永磁同步电机起动性能分析

针对异步起动永磁同步电机在起动过程中电流大,起动转矩小的问题,本文提出一种串级绕组理论。利用定子串级绕组产生的谐波磁场与转子分匝线圈组相互作用,优化电机的起动性能。文章通过阐述串级绕组理论,给出电机模型与定转子设计方案,并基于等效电路分析样机实际工作原理,最后运用有限元法从样机的转速、空载起动性能、带负载起动、气隙磁密和堵转转矩五个方面进行仿真。试验结果表明,应用串级绕组理论可以在提高起动转矩的同时降低起动电流,抑制起动时定子电流对转子永磁体的退磁效应,并且电机的稳态性能保持不变。     

电液式交流电动机工频无级调速系统的研究

提出一种交流电动机定子绕组只接入工频电源的无级调速新方法,在这种方法中,交流电动机的定子是可以转动的,液压控制系统控制电动机定子的转向和转速,依照调速电动机的不同调速运行情况,液压泵电动机可以有停车,电动和异步发电三种不同的运行方式,而调速电动机在各种运行转速下电气参数和机械特性保持不变,文中介绍了样机的研制和初步试验结果。     

无刷双馈电机原理及定子结构设计分析

无刷双馈电机是一种新型的感应电机,在风力发电和水利发电中有着广泛的应用前景。该文介绍了无刷双馈电机的结构组成,分析了它的变频调速原理,并对电机定子绕组的极数、型式和节距等定子结构设计的原理和方法进行了详尽地说明和分析,为该型电机的电磁设计和参数优化提供了理论依据。     

Determination of effective air-gap length of synchronous reluctance motors (SynchRel) from experimental data

The usage of synchronous reluctance motors (synchRel) has been gaining importance in many industry applications mainly because of their many advantages over other motors. The performance of a synchRel is greatly dependent on its effective air-gap lengths along the d and q axes. Hence, in this paper, an attempt has been made to obtain the effective air-gap lengths of the machine from the experimental values of the d and q axes reactances and by considering the higher permeance and winding space harmonics. To determine the air gaps, these reactances are compared with their corresponding expressions involving the coefficients of magnetizing and mutual inductances of the stator windings, obtained by using the winding function approach (WFA). Using these air-gap values, a more realistic model of the machine is obtained. A comparative study has been carried out with different permeance and winding space harmonics. The computed q-axis air-gap length seems to be much more sensitive to the operating point and the leakage inductance, compared to the computed d-axis air-gap length. Experimental values near the no-load condition have been considered to minimize flux barrier effects, as WFA cannot simulate these effects without changing the length of the pole arc. The effective air gaps of another salient-pole synchronous machine with damper bars have also been determined by considering the higher permeance and winding space harmonics, when run as a synchRel (without field excitation). This machine did not have flux barriers, and, hence, the results seem to be more accurate. Finally, the performance of the simulated synchRel has been compared with the experimental results.     

新型定子双馈双凸极永磁电机研究

研究了一种新型定子双馈双凸极永磁电机，该电机采用定子双馈形式，也就是定子上既有电枢绕组，又有励磁绕组，特别是在永磁体旁边附加了一条并联磁分路，通过磁分路磁阻的适当设计，可以达到用较小的直流励磁磁势获得较大气隙磁通调节范围的目的。本文介绍了样机的结构特点，分析了气隙磁通调节范围、直流励磁磁势和并联磁分路磁阻三者之间的关系，进行了样机磁场的有限元计算，样机试验与设计吻合。该电机结构新颖，励磁控制简单，调磁效果明显，励磁损耗小，具有较高的研究和实用价值。     

The Use of Permanent-Magnet Machines in Ship Electrical Systems

Ships are autonomous objects in which the capacity of the power plant and volume of available space are limited. Permanent-magnet machines with the maximum coefficient of efficiency and minimum mass and dimensions can be widely used on the ships, first of all, in high-power ship systems—generator sets, propulsion systems, and thrusters. However, there is a danger of fire during interturn faults in the stator winding in permanent-magnet machines. If such a fault occurs in the standard operating mode, then, when the rotor turns by inertia or, under the action of slowing water flow, moves to the propeller in the closed circuit of the stator winding, an electromotive force will be induced since the magnetic field of the rotor remains. This electromotive force will produce a current in the closed circuit, and a large amount of heat will be released in the winding-fault area, which can lead to a fire on the ship. This article considers a method of “damping” of the magnetic field in the rotor in an emergency situation. In this method, the magnetic system of the rotor is made of two parts, one of which is fixed on the rotor, while the second is installed on the rotary sleeve. In the normal condition of the machines, the angular positions of the analogous poles fixed on the rotor and installed on the rotary sleeve coincide. In the emergency condition of the machine, the sleeve turns so that the angular positions of the opposite poles of the rotor and sleeve coincide. As a result, the induction of the magnetic field in the gap and the electromotive force in the stator windings in the emergency condition of the machine will be close to zero.     

A brushless three-phase synchronous motor using the armature winding as both load and DC excitation winding

This paper presents a new brushless three-phase synchronous motor which has no exciter. The technique applied to the motor provides an effective way for conventional brushless synchronous motors to simplify the system configuration. The stator of the motor is equipped with a double-star connected armature winding which has two neutral points. The rotor is a cylindrical one, which is equipped with a two-phase field winding. The field winding is connected with shaft-mounted rectifiers. A dc voltage is applied to the two neutral points of the armature winding to obtain the rotor excitation when the motor is operated at synchronous speed. At that time. the armature winding acts as a stator dc exciting winding while also acting as a load winding. In this paper the principle and characteristics of the motor are described. and the experimental results are shown. It is confirmed that with a 2-kW experimental machine, the proposed motor has good performance. For example, by adjusting the stator dc current, this motor power factor can easily be controlled within a wide range.