利用腔内凹面镜控制输出光束稳定性的激光系统

本文给出了一种控制正支共焦非稳腔输出光束稳定性的激光系统.利用哈特曼波前传感器实时测量谐振腔内的倾斜扰动像差,基于该像差信号,采用一台步进电机作为主控器,并采用比-积分一微分(PID)控制算法控制一块高反射率的凹面腔镜完成腔内倾斜扰动的自动校正.理论和实验研究表明:本系统能够快速稳定地控制正支共焦非稳腔失调引起的倾斜像差,实现正支共焦非稳腔输出光束的自动稳定.     

正支共焦非稳腔的失调特性实验分析

在理论分析基础上,采用Hartmann-Shack（H-S）波前传感器方法实验分析了无源正支共焦非稳腔失调后输出光束像差特性。结果表明,腔内倾斜像差对光束强度分布有显著的影响,约1′的腔内倾斜即可使强度分布呈现明显不均匀,并使相位中的倾斜像差Zernike系数增大。但小的腔内倾斜像差不会使波面中的高阶像差发生明显变化,当引入较大的腔内倾斜时相位中的离焦、像散等高阶像差则有所增大。大菲涅耳数,且腔长较长的非稳腔对于离焦像差有一定的容限度。因此,在进行腔内像差自适应校正时,应首先考虑腔内倾斜像差的校正。     

CO2激光器虚共焦腔凸面镜失调的实验研究

高功率激光器工作时，由于谐振腔反射镜上的光强分布不均匀，会导致镜面温度不均匀，从而造成镜面的角向偏转，致使激光器光轴发生偏转，严重影响输出光束质量，甚至造成不出光。文中主要从实验研究了CO2激光器虚共焦腔凸面镜失调对激光器输出光束质量的影响，实验结果表明，当凸面镜失调角接近于由理论计算而得的失调临界角时，输出光斑约为半个圆环，与理论分析非常符合，当凸面镜失调角达到约为失调临界角的4．5倍时，完全停止振荡。     

基于视觉的环形激光陀螺自动调腔系统

针对激光陀螺调腔,设计了一种基于视觉的自动调腔系统.采用基于统计的图像分析方法,对激光陀螺光学谐振腔中的光阑和光束进行定位.根据几何光学,分析了谐振腔中反射镜位置失调与光束偏移之间的关系,并设计了基于图像的闭环位置控制律,对反射镜的位置进行调整.实验表明,该系统能够完成对光阑和光束的自动识别,能够较好地实现激光陀螺的调腔.     

以调频光谱光方法和置于环形谐振腔中的碘室锁定612nm激光器

报导了612nm激光器的腔外碘吸收锁定系统，碘吸收室被置于谐振锁定的环形谐振腔内，另一高精细度的参考光学谐振腔则被用来改善激光器的短期频率稳定度。所用的三种锁定系统都采用了调频光谱学方法，不含抖动调制元件，本研究工作获得了612nm处腔外碘吸收的最高信噪比。     

PPLN谐振倍频外腔输出模场的模拟研究

为了探究PPLN外部谐振倍频腔的输出模式,从菲涅尔-基尔霍夫衍射积分公式出发,采用快速傅里叶变换法(FFT)和Fox-Li迭代法数值模拟高斯反射率圆形平凹倍频腔输出基模的场强分布、相位分布和光束质量M2因子,同时与圆形双凹倍频腔做了比较.计算结果表明,两类倍频谐振腔输出塞模均为高斯分布,腔长变化对两类倍频腔输出光束质量...     

铷原子频标中微波谐振腔加载特性的微扰法分析

本文用微扰法分析了铷原子频标中圆柱形谐振腔内紧贴内壁加载一薄玻璃腔泡后对谐振腔谐振频率产生的影响.通过理论推导得到了由玻璃介质引起的谐振频率偏移的解析式,并对TE011模的谐振频率与玻璃厚度、径向长度的关系进行了数值计算与分析,得到了该种谐振腔的谐振频率随介质厚度和径向长度的不同而发生变化的曲线.结果表明,谐振腔加载玻璃腔泡后的谐振频率较空腔时变小,但随着腔壁厚度增大逐渐减小,而随着径向长度增大谐振频率先减小而后增大.以上结论对于微波谐振腔在原子频标中的设计应用有着一定的指导价值.     

自适应激光谐振腔系统的稳定性分析

用多变量频域稳定性判据，分析了自适应激光谐振腔系统的稳定性，针对千瓦级ＣＯ２激光非稳腔和五通道弱关联自适应光学系统的计算机模拟结果表明，多变量频域法研究自适应光学动力学系统的稳定性是有效的。     

电感调谐无栅间隙双重入同轴谐振腔TM310模的研究

本文对无栅间隙双重入圆柱型同轴谐振腔的TM310模的场分布进行了研究。对无栅间隙双重入同轴腔中TM310模的场分布进行理论分析,得到最佳注波互作用的漂移管设置方式和高阶模TM310模场分布稳定的同轴腔结构,同时分析了电感调谐膜片影响TM310模场分布均匀性的原因。并利用三维电磁场软件对一个电感调谐同轴腔进行了数值模拟,研究了调谐膜片与外腔壁距离变化时,谐振腔内TM310模场分布的变化规律,得到了调谐膜片离原腔壁越近,场分布越均匀的结论。     

电感调谐无栅间隙双重人同轴谐振腔TM310模的研究

本文对无栅间隙双重入圆柱型同轴谐振腔的TM310模的场分布进行了研究。对无栅间隙双重入同轴腔中TM310模的场分布进行理论分析,得到最佳注波互作用的漂移管设置方式和高阶模TM310模场分布稳定的同轴腔结构,同时分析了电感调谐膜片影响TM310模场分布均匀性的原因。并利用三维电磁场软件对一个电感调谐同轴腔进行了数值模拟,研究了调谐膜片与外腔壁距离变化时,谐振腔内TM310模场分布的变化规律,得到了调谐膜片离原腔壁越近,场分布越均匀的结论。     

An investigation of a solid–liquid phase-change-cooled mirror

This article details a new design for a laser-reflecting mirror utilizing phase-change-cooling technology, which is innovative in using spiral cooling ducts filled with solid-liquid phase-change material to maintain a constant temperature inside the reflecting mirror in a positive-branch telescopic, virtually confocal unstable resonator. The structure no longer needs the 45° scraper plate that is always utilized in a positive-branch telescopic, virtually confocal unstable resonator for coupling the output and provides a high-quality coaxial laser output. The numerical calculation results show, that when phase-change cooling is utilized, the localized maximum temperature dropped from 44 to 33°C. Experiments show that the total surface deformation of a copper mirror dropped from 1.4?µm to 0.27?µm when using phase-change cooling, after continued laser exposure for 10?s and, under the same conditions, that of a silicon mirror dropped from 1.1?µm to 0.4?µm.     

Unstable Resonator Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on Quasi-Phase-Matched RbTiOAsO(4)

We demonstrate improved signal and idler-beam quality of a 3-mm-aperture quasi-phase-matched RbTiOAsO(4) optical parametric oscillator through use of a confocal unstable resonator as compared with a plane-parallel resonator. Both oscillators were singly resonant, and the periodically poled RbTiOAsO(4) crystal generated a signal at 1.56 mum and an idler at 3.33 mum when pumped at 1.064 mum. We compared the beam quality produced by the 1.2-magnification confocal unstable resonator with the beam quality produced by the plane-parallel resonator by measuring the signal and the idler beam M(2) value. We also investigated the effect of pump-beam intensity distribution by comparing the result of a Gaussian and a top-hat intensity profile pump beam. We generated a signal beam of M(2) approximately 7 and an idler beam of M(2) approximately 2.5 through use of an unstable resonator and a Gaussian intensity profile pump beam. This corresponds to an increase of a factor of approximately 2 in beam quality for the signal and a factor of 3 for the idler, compared with the beam quality of the plane-parallel resonator optical parametric oscillator.     

Modified negative-branch confocal unstable resonator

A new type of unstable resonator, suitable for a laser with a large medium cross section and a small or median output coupling, is presented. The resonator configuration, a modification of a negative-branch confocal unstable resonator, is numerically investigated. The basis of the theory is the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral equation, and the calculations describe a passive resonator. With respect to output mirror tilting, the calculations confirm that the modified negative-branch confocal unstable resonator is less sensitive to mirror misalignments than the conventional negative-branch confocal unstable resonator. Furthermore, the modified resonator improves the beam quality in comparison with the conventional unstable resonator.     

Unstable resonator with reduced output coupling

The properties of a laser beam coupled out of a standard unstable laser resonator are heavily dependent on the chosen resonator magnification. A higher magnification results in a higher output coupling and a better beam quality. But in some configurations, an unstable resonator with a low output coupling in combination with a good beam quality is desirable. In order to reduce the output coupling for a particular resonator, magnification fractions of the outcoupled radiation are reflected back into the cavity. In the confocal case, the output mirror consists of a spherical inner section with a high reflectivity and a flat outer section with a partial reflectivity coating. With the application of the unstable resonator with reduced output coupling (URROC), magnification and output coupling can be adjusted independently from each other and it is possible to get a good beam quality and a high power extraction for lasers with a large low gain medium. The feasibility of this resonator design is examined numerically and experimentally with the help of a chemical oxygen iodine laser.     

Performance of Nd:YAG lasers in coupled generalized self-filtering and positive-branch unstable resonators

A new optical resonator based on the combination of a generalized self-filtering unstable resonator (GSFUR) and a positive-branch unstable resonator (PBUR) in a three-mirror scheme is reported. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that a nearly diffraction-limited Gaussian-output laser beam with a large mode volume can be obtained with this cavity design. The laser cavity is particularly interesting for use in high-threshold pumped gain media and eliminates some disadvantages of the SFUR and GSFUR designs. This resonator, with an effective magnification of -6.16, was applied to a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in free-running and in Q-switched modes of operation. The output energy was ~70 mJ, 5.5 times greater than when a single GSFUR design was used. The output beam had a pulse duration of ~30 ns in the Q-switched mode of operation and a beam divergence of 0.26 mrad. The required relations for the GSFUR-PBUR optical design and the output energy were derived and verified experimentally.     

Propagation of a partially coherent beam from an unstable resonator through turbulent atmosphere

The influence of atmospheric turbulence on the propagation of a partially coherent beam from an unstable resonator was studied numerically. The resonant mode of the unstable resonator is obtained by iterative calculation using the Huygens–Fresnel formula. Also, using the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, the intensity distribution of a propagating laser beam is calculated for different conditions. The influence of turbulence on the profile of partially coherent beams of an unstable resonator is studied. The effects of geometrical parameters of the resonator on the far-field beam profile are investigated. The results show that an unstable resonator with higher magnification has a superior far-field beam profile under partial coherency and turbulence conditions.     

Intracavity Beam Behavior in Hybrid Resonator Planar-Waveguide CO(2) Lasers

We describe a combined computer simulation and experimental investigation of the intracavity spatial beam profile characteristics of a planar-waveguide rf-excited CO(2) laser that incorporates a hybrid waveguide confocal unstable negative-branch resonator. The study includes results for the intracavity lateral beam intensity profile and output power of the laser as a function of resonator mirror misalignment. In addition, the behavior of the unstable resonator, observed experimentally and predicted by the simulation, in generating localized high intensity hot-spots when it is subjected to relatively large misalignment angles is reported.     

Nearly diffraction-limited signal generated by a lower beam-quality pump in an optical parametric oscillator

The beam quality of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) within a singly resonant, confocal-positive branch unstable resonator is investigated. Resonator configurations have been found in which the beam quality of the outgoing signal exceeds the beam quality of the pump. Cavity magnification and pump-pulse duration are found to determine the signal beam quality. It is shown that signal M2 decreases with increasing pump-pulse duration for a given cavity magnification. In an experimental demonstration of a LiNbO3 OPO within an unstable resonator, pumped by a multitransversal mode beam, a signal beam with an almost-single transversal mode has been generated, whereas the multitransversal mode behavior of the pump beam is projected on the idler beam.     

半球谐振子超精密修调方法研究

目的 研究因谐振子质量缺陷而引起的频率裂解机制,进而对刚性轴位置进行质量高分辨率可控去除,提高陀螺精度。方法 首先基于多区域配合划分法建立半球谐振子高精度有限元仿真模型,分析质量大小与位置对谐振子频差的影响规律。其次搭建谐振子振动特性检测平台,利用拍频法实现其频差值和刚性轴位置的精确辨识。最后结合仿真与辨识结果以及离子束加工方法确定谐振子超精密修调方案。结果 优化网格划分方法后,谐振子有限元模型频差值小于0.000 1 Hz,当修调定位误差相同时,在一个范围内的质量去除比单点质量去除的修调效率更高;谐振子质量缺陷四次谐波刚性轴位置辨识精度可达0.1°,与常见的幅值法相比,其精度提高了一个数量级;通过三次点线结合方式进行质量修调后,谐振子频差值小于0.001 Hz,修调效率与精度得到了提升。结论 提出的谐振子仿真模型、振动特性测试方法以及离子束修调工艺精度较高且可行性较强,对实现半球谐振子性能高精度检测以及高质量加工具有重要意义。