Tunable All-Optical Microwave Filters Based on Fiber Loop and Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

All-optical microwave filters are important parts of fiber-optic microwave/millimeter wave processing systems. In this paper, two novel passive tunable all-optical microwave filters based on fiber loop and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) are demonstrated, where the frequency response of the both filters can be continuously tuned by adjusting the wavelength of the input light. The required free spectral range (FSR) of the filters can be obtained by carefully controlling the length of fiber loop and the positions of the CFBGs in the fiber loop. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed filtering structures.     

Fiber-Optic Switch Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings

This letter presents a design proposal of optical packet switch architecture which incorporates fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and fiber delay line (FDL) to resolve contention among packets. The main feature of the architecture is the efficient use of FBG to create the buffer and there is no requirement of demux and splitter inside the buffer as in most of the conventional optical packet switch (OPS) architectures. Thus, the buffer is simplified in terms of required number of components used to create buffer. The FBG inside the buffer is a new approach towards buffering structure. Finally, comparative study of the proposed architecture with other architectures is presented.      

Bragg光纤光栅

详细阐述了光纤光栅的原理以及光纤光栅在光纤通信、光纤激光器、光纤放大器、光纤滤波器、光纤传感器和高速光纤通信系统中色散补偿方面的重要应用，并对线性啁啾Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅色散补偿技术进行了全面分析。     

基于光纤Bragg光栅的滤波技术

介绍了国际上最新的基于光纤Bragg光栅的光纤滤波技术发展情况，详细阐述了分布反馈式光纤Bragg光栅滤波器、多波长选择光纤Bragg光栅滤波器、应用光纤Bragg光栅的Michelson干涉型（MI）滤波器以及光纤Bragg光栅滤波耦合器的理论难点、基本原理及其应用。     

基于光纤Bragg光栅的光纤激光器实验研究

利用熔接在掺Yb^3＋双包层光纤两端的光纤Bragg光栅作为光纤激光器的谐振腔．用中心波长为976nm的半导体激光器（LD）为泵浦源,对D型内包层掺Yb^3＋双包层光纤进行泵浦,实现了25W的单模激光输出,输出波长为1085．6nm,峰值半宽（FWHM）为0．3nm,以及总体68％光-光转换效率。     

基于光纤光栅的分布式传感器

分布式传感器是光纤光栅的重要应用方面之一。本文较全面地介绍光纤光栅分布传感器的各种结构和检测方法，分析讨论了它们的特点和性能。     

Reconfigurable Dispersion Equalizer Based on Phase-Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings

We present a novel dispersion equalizer design for the compensation of chromatic dispersion and chromatic dispersion slope in WDM systems. The device is based on a cascade of complex quasi-periodic chirped fiber Bragg gratings. We show that the use of a low chirp results in the distribution of the resonating cavities along the optical fiber length, which allows reconfiguration of the spectral characteristics by the application of a temperature profile. This paper exposes in detail the numerical techniques used in the optimization of the fiber Bragg grating filters taking into account fabrication imperfections. We present a specific design for a 32-channel dispersion equalizer for 10 Gbit/s and a 50-GHz channel spacing. We examine the spectral characterization of a device fabricated using a phase-apodized mask for various settings of the chromatic dispersion profile. We demonstrate a tuning range of $pm {800}~{rm ps}/{rm nm}$ over a bandwidth of 30 GHz. On average, the standard deviation of the phase ripple was below 0.1 rad. Finally, we evaluate the performance of this device by bit error rate measurements.      

基于光纤光栅谐振腔的双包层光纤激光器

理论分析了线型腔双包层光纤激光器的输出特性,包括光纤长度、光纤损耗及后腔镜反射率对激光输出功率和阈值泵浦功率的影响.设计了基于光纤光栅谐振腔的双包层光纤激光器,采用锥度光纤实现了泵浦模块与双包层光纤之间的低损耗连接,实现了全光纤化的掺Yb3 双包层光纤激光器,其阈值泵浦功率为300 mW,在泵浦入纤功率为17 W时达到了10.5 W的最大激光输出功率,斜率效率为62%.     

基于双光纤布拉格光栅的流速传感器

设计了一种基于双光纤布拉格光栅的新型流速传感器,它包括双光纤光栅压强传感机构和文丘里管.导出了双光纤布拉格光栅的波长漂移差与流速的关系.压强传感机构中的密闭铝箔管横截面两边的压力差导致等腰三角形悬臂梁变形,从而导致安装在悬臂梁两边的光纤布拉格光栅的布拉格波长漂移.通过检测两个布拉格光栅的波长漂移差,得到被测流体的流速.双光纤布拉格光栅通过补偿温度效应,解决了光纤布拉格光栅传感器的交叉敏感问题.该流速传感器的动态测量范围为8～200mm/s.实验表明,双光纤布拉格光栅的中心波长随流速的增加分别向长波和短波方向漂移,而带宽几乎不变,实验和理论符合得较好,该设计方案是切实可行的.

Abstract：

By using the fiber grating pressure sensing setup and Venturi tube,a novel flow velocity sensor based on double fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed.The relationship between the flow velocity and the wavelength shift difference is derived.The pressure difference of the two sides of the cross section of the aluminum foil tube in the pressure sensing setup results in the distortion of an isosceles triangle cantilever structure.And the distortion results in the Bragg wavelength shift of the FBGs mounted at either side of the cantilever.By monitoring the wavelength shift difference of the two FBGs,the flow velocity can be obtained.The cross sensitive problem can be solved by compensating the temperature effect.Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis.The central wavelength of two FBGs shifts to the shorter and longer wavelength respectively with the rise of the flow velocity,while the bandwidth is almost unchanged.The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed sensor with a measurement range of 8~200 mm/s.     

Structured Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

In this paper, a theoretical and numerical analysis of novel in-fiber photonic devices based on a structured chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) for sensing and communication applications is presented. The investigated structure consists in a CFBG with single or multiple defects obtained by a deep and localized stripping of the cladding layer along the grating structure. The thinning of the cladding layer, partial or total, changes the core propagation features and thus leads to a significant modification of the grating spectral features. The effect of the local thinning, properly exploited, basically consists in the formation of one or more passbands within the original grating bandwidth and in one or more stopbands out of the original grating bandwidth. In addition, due to spatial encoding of the Bragg wavelength in CFBGs, the spectral position of each channel exclusively depends on the features of its own defect in a well defined location along the grating. Thus, the spectral properties of each channel are not affected by additional defects located elsewhere along the grating structure, enabling the possibility to develop independent multichannel devices by exploiting a single grating element. The spectral behavior exhibited by the microstructured device has been here numerically analyzed in dependence on the thinned region parameters. In addition a simple theoretical model has been extracted in order to easily design the device according to the desired spectral features for specific applications.     

紫外写入移相光纤光栅

从耦合模理论出发分析了光致折变移相光纤光栅的基本特性,报道了采用紫外辐照制备移相光纤光栅的实验结果。     

基于双光纤布拉格光栅结构的电流互感器设计

设计了一种基于双光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)结构的电流互感器,将光纤光栅分别粘贴在超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)和蒙乃尔(Monel)合金材料上。把FBG-GMM放在磁路系统中作为电流互感器传感探头,应用FBG-Monel作为解调元件和温度补偿装置,实现电流测量的同时实现了温度补偿。理论分析与实验结果表明该电流互感器电流可测范围为0.3～12.6A,系统传感灵敏度可达6.812×10-3 nm/A。该电流互感器成本低,结构简单,适用于小电流测量。     

Distributed-Phase OCDMA Encoder–Decoders Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings

We propose and demonstrate new optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) encoder-decoders having a continuous phase-distribution. With the same spatial refractive index distribution as the reconfigurable optical phase encoder-decoders, they are inherently suitable for the application in reconfigurable OCDMA systems. Furthermore, compared with conventional discrete-phase devices, they also have additional advantages of being more tolerant to input pulsewidth and, therefore, have the potential of bandwidth saving     

Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation Based on Sampled Fiber Bragg Gratings

Two approaches are proposed for generating optical arbitrary waveforms using sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The manipulation of the optical spectrum of an input pulse is achieved by a sampled FBG which is fabricated using a novel technique based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) method. The key advantage of the REC technique is that it can produce FBGs with various phase profiles using a fabrication system having only micrometer precision. Two examples for the generation of Gaussian doublet pulses are demonstrated, which would find applications in ultra-wideband over fiber systems.     

Formation Technologies of Fiber Bragg Gratings

The principle of fiber Bragg gratings(FBG)is briefly described.The formation technologies of FBG are systematically given and analyzed.In addition,the experiment is described in detail,e.g.,the phase mask method is used to write directly the period Bragg gratings into the Ge-doped single mode fiber with KrF excimer UV laser.The results of experiment are also presented and analyzed.     

基于两个FBG的F—P半导体激光器自激注入锁定

提出了基于两个光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的Fabry—Perot（F—P）半导体激光器自激注入锁定以获得拍频信号的实验方案。在该系统中,直流驱动F—P半导体激光器,自激注入锁定通过两个自制的光纤布拉格光栅作为反馈元件实现。在9．17nm的调谐范围内实验获得边模抑制比接近或高于27dB的双波长输出。该方案系统简单,成本低廉。     

啁啾布喇格光栅F-P传感器的优化设计

根据实际需要优化设计了一种基于啁啾布喇格光栅的本征型光纤法珀(F-P)传感器。对构成光纤F-P传感器的啁啾布喇格光栅的参数进行了优化设计,得到优化设计的光纤F-P传感器反射谱。实际制作了按照参数设计的啁啾布喇格光栅F-P传感器并进行了应变实验,实验结果表明,该方法设计的传感器应变测量精度高达±8με。     

重叠写入啁啾光纤光栅型滤波器的研究进展

高性能的波分复用器是密集波分复用系统的核心器件之一,重叠写入啁啾光纤光栅型带通滤波器充分发挥了光纤光栅优良的波长选择特点,是一种低成本的新型全光纤波分复用器件.综合评述了各种不同结构的重叠写入啁啾光纤光栅型滤波器的工作原理、基本特点及其应用.     

Formation Technologies of Fiber Bragg Gratings

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光纤Bragg光栅温度补偿方法的研究

应变和温度变化都会引起光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）反射波长的漂移,即所谓的交叉敏感问题,它是制约FBG传感检测技术实用化的“瓶颈”.从应变、温度交叉敏感的物理机制出发,阐述了光纤光栅温度补偿的基本原理,介绍了几种国内外常用的光纤光栅无源温度补偿的方法,并详细分析了每种方法的优缺点.