从工艺方法上探讨降低制造成本

从降成本增效益角度,就工艺审查、工艺路线、工艺方法等方面,如何降低产品制造成本进行了阐述和分析,对工艺人员具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

工艺方案技术经济评价研究与应用

阐述了工艺方案技术经济评价的内涵,剖析了企业中开展工艺方案技术评价现状的原因,提出了有效开展评价的建议及优化的评价方法。运用优化的评价方法,拟定了BOSCH公司高压共轨系统(CRS)法兰配套项目工艺方案的技术经济评价的指标体系、构建层次分析结构模型,将工艺成本分析、经济生产批量计算结果等作为模型输入,通过矩阵运算和综合评价,实现了工艺方案择优。     

综合机械化采矿工艺研究

矿产资源开采是一个相对复杂的过程,为了确保采矿工作质量,节约时间和成本,综合机械化采矿工艺应运而生.阐述了现采矿工艺存在的问题,分析了综合机械化采矿工艺的特点、主要设备及设备的基本要求,探讨了2种常用的综合机械化采矿工艺.     

活塞环毛坯热处理工艺和设备的选择

本文介绍了单体合金铸铁环时效处理、双片球铁环退火、正火和调质处理工艺的选择，通过改进铸造工艺，可以提高毛坯铸造质量，简化热处理工艺，降低生产成本，以及对热处理设备的选择方法。     

球铁环调质热处理自动生产线工艺的改进

本文介绍了在三条球铁环调质自动生产线上对工装、淬火油以及热处理工艺等方面的改进情况 ,并从工艺、成本和生产效率等方面进行了分析对比 ,以进一步提高调质热处理自动线的应用水平     

中速机连杆工艺研究及夹具设计

针对某中速机两段式连杆传统加工工艺存在的问题,通过工艺研究和夹具设计对传统加工工艺进行了改进。实际生产表明:改进后的加工工艺不仅使产品满足图纸的技术要求,而且大大提高了生产效率,降低了制造成本,符合批量生产的要求。     

晶体硅太阳电池制备工艺进展

晶体硅太阳电池是目前应用最广、技术最为成熟的太阳电池,以晶体硅太阳电池生产流程为基础．主要从降低生产成本和提高电池转换效率方面出发,介绍了太阳电池制备工艺的最新进展,并对各种制备工艺作出了评价和展望。     

混凝土搅拌站砂石料堆场一体化方案的设计与应用

在苏锡常南部高速CX-WX2项目施工标段中,运用绿色设计策略与技术对砂石料皮带运输和洗石、入仓一体化。与常规工艺比较,该工艺在生产效率、土地利用率、安全环保及成本等方面均优于常规工艺。     

风电机组制造工艺管理研究

正近年来,我国风电行业发展势头迅猛,风电机组技术日趋成熟。在市场竞争日益激烈的形势下,风电企业要取得竞争优势,不仅依靠技术领先,还要依靠工艺领先。工艺管理是企业的基础管理,贯穿于企业生产的全过程,是实现产品设计、保证产品质量、发展生产、降低消耗、提高生产效率的重要手段。机组的质量、成本、交期很大程度取决于工艺水平。为更好发挥工艺管理在风电行业的重要作用,提高企业竞争力,必须从工艺准备     

活塞内腔模具熔模铸造工艺

铝活塞模具制造是活塞制造成本的主要部分,内腔模具的传统制造工艺是:下料→锻打→热处理→钅包→车→钳等,这种制造工艺的费用一直占有活塞制造成本的主要部分,为了降低成本,提高效益,我们试用一种新工艺:活塞内腔模具熔模铸造.     

Analysis of the economic impact of different Chinese climate policy options based on a CGE model incorporating endogenous technological change

Abatement cost is the main concern for climate change mitigation and the key factor for mitigation cost is technological change. This study established an integrated economic, energy, environmental, dynamic, computable general equilibrium (CGE) model representing endogenous technological change for China's climate change policy analysis. This study analyzed and compared the economic impact of different approaches to mitigation commitments as well as the potential role of technological change in the formulation of mitigation targets and commitments, taking into account China's climate policy-making needs based on the current international climate negotiation process. The results show that, absolute emission limits similar to the Kyoto Protocol will seriously impede the future economic development of China, while the impact of an 80% reduction in carbon intensity, forecast for 2050 based on the 2005 level, is relatively small. Technological change can promote economic growth, improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon intensity per unit of output through the substitution of production factors. Consequently it can reduce marginal abatement cost and related GDP loss by mitigation. At the same time it can increase mitigation potentials and extend the emission reduction amount, showing that consideration of the impact of technological change when deciding the emission reduction targets is necessary.     

ME-C柴油机气缸液压单元(HCU)国产化及成本分析

介绍了ME-C柴油机气缸液压单元(HCU)的国产化过程,包括硬件设施配置、工艺制定、组装、独立投油冲洗,以及在6S50MEC和5S60MEC机上的HCU总成装配及试验。对不同的HCU总成配套方式的成本做了比较,比较显示:HCU的国产化可降低成本33.5%。     

Endogenizing technological change: Matching empirical evidence to modeling needs

Given that technologies to significantly reduce fossil fuel emissions are currently unavailable or only available at high cost, technological change will be a key component of any long-term strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In light of this, the amount of research on the pace, direction, and benefits of environmentally-friendly technological change has grown dramatically in recent years. This research includes empirical work estimating the magnitude of these effects, and modeling exercises designed to simulate the importance of endogenous technological change in response to climate policy.Unfortunately, few attempts have been made to connect these two streams of research. This paper attempts to bridge that gap. We review both the empirical and modeling literature on technological change. Our focus includes the research and development process, learning by doing, the role of public versus private research, and technology diffusion.Our goal is to provide an agenda for how both empirical and modeling research in these areas can move forward in a complementary fashion. In doing so, we discuss both how models used for policy evaluation can better capture empirical phenomena, and how empirical research can better address the needs of models used for policy evaluation.     

废弃耐火材料资源化的研究与实践

全面论述了废弃耐火材料资源化的工艺流程及其发展前景,并对废弃耐火材料再生技术进行分析与评价。分析表明,再生料与正品料具有基本相同的性能指标,可以取代正品料应用于耐火材料制品的工业生产,从而起到降低成本、节约资源、保护环境等重要作用。     

中小型燃煤锅炉脱硫除尘及节能技术

提出的冷凝和废碱水相结合的脱硫、除尘方法 ,既能提高脱硫、除尘效率 ,降低运行费用 ,又能回收一部分热能 ,是解决中小型燃煤锅炉脱硫除尘问题的一种行之有效的经济方法。中小型燃煤锅炉的脱硫、除尘以及节能与整个系统的工艺运行参数和结构参数有关。该文就脱硫装置的工艺条件和结构参数对脱硫除尘效率、能量回收率和设备阻力的影响进行了试验研究 ,为实际脱硫装置的设计与运行提供了依据。图 8表 1参 6     

海上风电机组塔架基础一体化设计

  [目的]  随着国家对于海上风电竞价上网指导意见的出台,降低开发成本的需求越来越迫切,急需通过技术创新降低成本。而海上塔架和基础的成本,显著影响着海上风电的平准化度电成本LCoE(Levelized Cost of Energy),直接决定着海上风电项目的竞争力。  [方法]  为了有效降低塔架基础的成本,文章提出了基于数字化云平台iDO(integrated Design Offshore)的一体化设计方法,对极端极限状态ULS工况下结构的静强度、疲劳极限状态FLS工况下结构的疲劳损伤进行了数值计算分析。为验证一体化设计方法在降低海上风电塔架基础成本的效果,文章针对两个实际工程项目,基于iDO云平台和传统分步迭代法SIA(Sequentially Iterated Approach)进行设计分析,对比ULS工况和FLS工况下的结构安全衡准指标。  [结果]  计算结果表明:ULS和FLS工况下,基于iDO云平台的一体化设计方法比SIA在结构强度、变形、疲劳损伤等指标有较大幅度下降,可显著优化塔架基础结构,降低结构重量,减小整个支撑结构成本,降低海上风电的LCoE。  [结论]  在实际海上风电工程项目应用中,基于iDO云平台的一体化设计方法可有效降低塔架基础结构成本,从而提高海上风电项目的竞争力,同时可对未来海上风电支撑结构优化设计提供借鉴。     

The costs of hydro power: Evidence on learning-by-doing,economies of scale and resource constraints in Austria

The paper investigates the costs of hydro power plants. Expansion of hydro power is accompanied by two contrary tendencies. First, learning-by-doing and technological progress for the industry as a whole which reduce costs over time, and second, resource constraints which tend to increase costs as more and more hydro power capacity is installed. Hence, a U-shaped cost curve should apply. In particular, hydro power expansion becomes increasingly costly once a substantial fraction of potential hydro power supply is exploited. This hypothesis is empirically applied to Austrian data.     

Technological change and petroleum exploration in the Gulf of Mexico

We examine the impact of technological change on oil and gas exploration in the Gulf of Mexico from 1947 to 1998, using a unique micro-data set. An index variable for technological change is constructed to capture both the number and significance of technological innovations in the offshore industry over the study period. Empirical models of exploration-discovery and of drilling cost are used to assess the effect of technological change at both the field level and the regional level. Our results indicate that technological change played a very significant role in the offshore industry over the past 50 years, increasing reserves and lowering cost. Although depletion effect was dominant over the first two decades, the effect of technological change was able to offset that of resource depletion over the entire 50-year study period.     

A global and local endogenous experience curve model for projecting future uptake and cost of electricity generation technologies

A global and local learning model (GALLM) has been developed to project the cost and global uptake of different electricity generation technologies to the year 2050. This model features three regions, endogenous technological learning within and across those regions, various government policies to facilitate technological learning and a penalty constraint which is used to mimic the effect market forces play on the capital cost of electricity generation technologies. This constraint has been added as market forces have been a strong factor in technology pricing in recent years. Global, regional and component experience curves have been developed for some technologies. The model, with the inclusion of these features, projects a diverse range of technologies contributing to global electricity generation under a carbon price scenario. The penalty constraint leads to gradual and continual installations of technologies and because the constraint provides a disincentive to install too much of a technology, it reduces the impact of uncertainty in the learning rate. Alternative forms of the penalty constraint were tested for their suitability; it was found that, with a zero and lower-cost version of the constraint, photovoltaics are installed in a boom-and-bust cycle, which is not supported by past experience. When the constraint is set at a high level, there are fewer installations.