氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成研究

以八氟戊醇、顺丁烯二酸酐和亚硫酸钠为原料,经过酯化、磺化步骤,合成了一种新型的阴离子表面活性剂-氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂,并对最佳工艺条件进行探索。结果表明合成马来酸单酯的最佳条件为:八氟戊醇与顺丁烯二酸酐的摩尔比为1:1.2;反应时间为4～5h;反应温度为85℃～90℃;催化剂用量为八氟戊醇的6%,产品的转化率为98.87%。合成氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐最佳工艺为:马来酸单酯与无水亚硫酸钠的配比为1:1.2;反应时间为1～1.5h;反应温度为75～80℃,产品的转化率为98.70%。该表面活性剂的性能测试结果表明,其临界胶团浓度是5.9×10-3mol/L,表面张力是24.068mN/m。     

氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成研究

以八氟戊醇、顺丁烯二酸酐和亚硫酸钠为原料,经过酯化、磺化步骤,合成了一种新型的阴离子表面活性剂—氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂,并对最佳工艺条件进行探索。结果表明合成马来酸单酯的最佳条件为:八氟戊醇与顺丁烯二酸酐的摩尔比为1∶1.2;反应时间为4～5h;反应温度为85～90℃;催化剂用量为八氟戊醇的6%,产品的转化率为98.87%。合成氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐最佳工艺为:马来酸单酯与无水亚硫酸钠的配比为1∶1.2;反应时间为1～1.5h;反应温度为75～80℃,产品的转化率为98.70%。该表面活性剂的性能测试结果表明:其临界胶束浓度是5.9×10-3mol/L,表面张力是24.068mN/m。     

氟碳阴离子表面活性剂的合成与性能

以十六氟壬醇、顺酐和亚硫酸钠为原料合成了氟碳烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐。根据正交实验结果,确定了最佳合成工艺条件,酯化反应:十六氟壬醇与马来酸酐的摩尔比为1∶1.2,反应时间为4 h,反应温度为85℃,催化剂用量为十六氟壬醇的6%,产品的转化率为98.02%;磺化反应:马来酸单酯与无水亚硫酸钠的配比为1∶1.2,反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为75℃,产品的转化率为98.51%。对产物的性能进行测定,其临界胶束浓度是9.47×10-4mol/L,表面张力是31.13 mN/m。     

八氟戊醇琥珀酸单酯的合成研究

以八氟戊醇与马来酸酐为原料,经过酯化反应来合成八氟戊醇琥珀酸单酯,考察各种影响反应的因素,优化了实验条件,同时得出最佳工艺条件为n（八氟戊醇）：n（马来酸酐）=1：1.5、反应温度为160℃、最佳反应时间5h、催化剂为硼酸,产品纯化后收率为94.52%。     

琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成和性能研究

从顺丁烯二酸酐衍生物表面活性剂出发,合成了琥珀酸酯磺酸盐这一类型具有多个亲水、亲油基团的新型表面活性剂;分别对合成的几个系列的多种醇类对应酯的琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂在起泡、表面张力等方面的性能进行了测试和分析。     

琥珀酸磺酸盐双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以顺丁烯二酸酐、正辛醇、乙二醇和亚硫酸氢钠为主要原料,经单酯化、双酯化、磺化反应合成了一种Gemi—ni双子表面活性剂——乙二醇双琥珀酸双辛酯磺酸钠。通过正交实验以及单因素实验确定最佳合成工艺条件为：单酯化反应,n（正辛醇）：n（顺丁烯二酸酐）-1.00：1．05,反应温度90℃,反应时间2h;双酯化反应,n（单酯）：n（乙二醇）=2．05：1．00,反应温度100℃,催化剂对甲苯磺酸用量1．0％。反应时间3h;磺化反应,n（双酯）：n（亚硫酸氢钠）-1．00：2．05．反应温度85℃．反应时间90min。利用红外光谱对反应中间体和产物进行了表征。产物的CMC为5．0×10^-4mol·L^-1,表面张力yCMC为37．98mN·m^-1。     

磺基琥珀酸二己酯钠盐合成工艺与结构的关系

采用控制酯化率和非外加相转移催化剂在敞开体系催化磺化反应的方法合成了两种不同己基的阴离子表面活性剂磺基琥珀酸双（2－甲基戊基0酯钠盐和磺基琥珀酸双（4－甲基－2－戊基）酯钠盐，对由4种己醇（正己醇，2－甲基戊醇，2－乙基戊醇和4－甲基－2戊醇）来合成磺基琥珀酸双酯钠盐的最佳工艺条件与已基结构的关系进行了研究，结果表明，随己基上支链程度的增加，130摄氏度时，酯化反应达到95％酯化率时已醇的过用量从10％增加到了20％，反应时间从1．5h增加到2．25h，同样地随己基上支链程度的增加，中间产物马来酸双酯的磺化反应温度从120℃增加到140℃，磺化剂亚硫酸氢钠过用量从5％增加到10％，反应时间从2．0h变为3．5h，从酯化反应中进攻试剂的空间位阻对酯化反应历程和磺化反应中相转移催化剂的乳化，渗透能力对反应的影响方面解释了上述己基结构与反应性的关系。     

十二氟庚醇琥珀酸酯磺酸盐的合成及性能

以十二氟庚醇、顺丁烯二酸酐、无水亚硫酸钠为原料,经酯化、磺化反应制备了一种阴离子表面活性剂——十二氟庚醇琥珀酸酯磺酸盐,考察了酯化、磺化的反应条件。酯化反应的最佳条件为:n(十二氟庚醇)∶n(顺丁烯二酸酐)=1∶1.2,n(催化剂)∶n(十二氟庚醇)=6∶100,反应时间4 h,反应温度85℃,酯化率为98.45%;磺化反应的最佳条件为:n(马来酸单酯)∶n(亚硫酸钠)=1∶1.2,反应时间1.5 h,反应温度75℃,磺化率为98.52%。对产物的性能进行测定,其临界胶团浓度是2.65×10-3mol/L,表面张力是22.19 mN/m。该工作的新颖性,已为2008年8月27日由四川理工学院图书馆出具的第2008001号《科技查新》报告所证实。     

新型表面活性剂琥珀酸单十六酰胺磺酸钠的合成与性能研究

在1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂存在下,十六胺与顺丁烯二酸酐经酰胺化,再与Na2SO3磺化制成了新型表面活性剂琥珀酸单十六酰胺磺酸钠（SHAS）,并用单因素优选法对酰胺化反应条件进行了筛选。得到的最佳反应条件为：十六胺与顺丁烯二酸酐投料物质的量比1：1．18,酰胺化反应温度70℃,酰胺化反应时间20min;顺丁烯二酸酐与亚硫酸钠投料物质的量比1：1．10,磺化反应温度70℃,磺化反应时间3h。目的产物收率〉98％,对SHAS各项应用性能进行了测定。     

马来酸双十八酯的合成及宏观动力学

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、甲苯为带水剂,以马来酸酐和十八醇为原料合成马来酸双十八酯。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应过程的影响,并测定了动力学数据。通过实验得到了反应工艺条件：n（十八醇）：n（马来酸酐）=2.3：1,对甲苯磺酸用量为马来酸酐和十八醇总质量的0．5％,甲苯用量为马来酸酐和十八醇总质量的96％,反应温度≤130℃、反应时间为4．0h,在该条件下马来酸酐的转化率达到98．76％。合成马来酸单十八酯的反应为二级反应,速率方程中的指前因子为O．655152L／（mol·min）,活化能为17．82kJ／mol。合成马来酸双十八酯的反应为二级反应,速率方程中的指前因子为1．53951×1011L／（mol·min）,活化能为98．05kJ／mol。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。