液滴微流控的集成化放大方法研究进展

相比于传统乳化方法,液滴微流控技术可以在微通道内可控制备单分散液滴模板用于合成各种功能微球,被广泛应用于生物、医疗、制药、环境等领域。由于单个液滴制备微流控单元的产量低,液滴微流控的集成化放大成为了液滴微流控技术面向工业应用的技术难点。本文综述了近年来液滴微流控集成化放大方法的研究进展,重点介绍了不同类型液滴制备微流控单元集成化放大的研究进展,包括基于剪切力形成液滴、基于界面张力形成液滴和基于被动分裂形成液滴的液滴制备微流控单元的集成化放大方法。     

Recent developments in biopolymers

Society has been reaping the benefits of industrial polymers for a long time. Polymers have entered every market in a very influential manner, from the packaging industry to the construction business. The very properties that made polymers commercially viable are posing great environmental problems for our future generations. Also, the starting material for most of the commercial polymers is crude oil. Thus, environmental issues coupled with decreasing crude oil reserves have forced the polymer industry to find new sources. These problems having been taken into consideration, biopolymers have emerged as a promising field. This paper takes into consideration the sources of renewable materials, such as starch, lignocellulosic biomass, vegetable oils, proteins, etc.; the synthesis of polymers such as polylactic acid and monomers such as furfural, ethane, propanediol, etc., from renewable materials; and the recent developments in this field. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Recent developments in photoinitiators

A new photoinitiator, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide (1), has been developed for industrial applications. The absorption of this bisacylphosphine oxide (BAPO) compound in the near UV-Vis range is significantly higher than that of hitherto known photoinitiators for UV curing. Investigation of the photochemistry of 1 revealed the efficient formation of four radicals, which can all initiate polymerization. Since the photoreaction is accompanied by the destruction of the chromophore responsible for absorption in the near UV-Vis, photobleaching of the long wavelength absorption is observed and the photoinitiator does not impart yellowing in the cured lacquer. Studies using FTIR and RTIR techniques showed that these features result in a higher conversion of acrylic double bonds than obtained with other photoinitiators in formulations containing a high loading of rutile type titanium dioxide pigments. These findings were confirmed by application tests in different white pigmented coatings. Further, the new photoinitiator allows the fast curing of thick pigmented layers, which makes it suitable for use in pigmented furniture coating. This new class of high performance photoinitiators is expected to promote the development of UV curable white coatings of high opacity and other applications where light in the near UV-Vis range is essential for curing. A liquid containing 25 parts of the BAPO photoinitiator 1 and 75 parts of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-phenyl-propan-l-one (2) is an excellent technical and economical solution for most applications.

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双重乳液的微流控制备进展

双重乳液是一种离散相液滴中还包裹着更小的液滴的高度结构化流体,单分散的在食品、化工、医疗等领域有着广泛的应用。微流控技术作为一门研究微尺度流体的新兴技术,已经成为制备优质双重乳液的首选。本文对被动式微流控技术进行了系统地综述,介绍了协流式、交叉流式、流动聚焦式微通道的结构及其乳化机理,展望了该项技术在微液滴制备方面的发展前景。在学科交叉应用的背景下,通过对微流控装置的改进与升级,可以克服常见微流控方法出现的双乳液生产效率低,不具备超薄壁结构等问题。此外,本文还讨论了微流控技术背景下双重乳液流型演化研究的进展,提出可以通过单乳液的研究基础,联系和发展双重乳液流型演化的完备理论体系。     

废塑料化学转化制燃料的催化剂研究进展

在简要介绍和比较热裂解、催化裂解、热裂解-催化改质和催化裂解-催化改质4种废塑料化学转化制燃料基本方法的基础上,综述了近年来国内外在废塑料裂解催化剂和废塑料裂解产物改质催化剂的研究进展,重点讨论了催化剂酸性、比表面积、孔径以及负载金属离子的类型等对废塑料催化裂解和催化改质反应性能的影响,并介绍了聚烯烃（包括聚乙烯和聚丙烯）废塑料和聚苯乙烯废塑料热裂解和催化裂解的反应机理。最后对废塑料化学转化制燃料技术的研究与开发提出了一些建议,指出采用催化裂解-催化改质组合技术是未来废塑料化学转化制燃料过程的发展趋势,其今后的研究重点将是开发具有较强酸性和有利于大分子扩散与传质性能孔道结构的分子筛催化剂。     

Recent developments in packed columns

Highlights of a recently concluded four year experimental program on random packings are presented. They include (a) a revised definition of loading to achieve better reproducibility; (b) discussion of the erratic behavior near the “flood” point which helps explain the scatter in the published “flood” data; (c) new data showing that with proper distribution, efficiency is stable over a broad range; and (d) controlled maldistribution studies leading to guidelines for distributor design, fabrication and installation. The need to precisely define commonly used terms is emphasized.     

日本干燥技术的最新进展

20世纪后期。能源与环境问题已成人类关注的重要课题。干燥作为一种主要的耗能操作，也间接地影响地球环境。同时，干燥作为产品生产的最终环节，直接决定着产品的质量。特别是高性能材料的生产，对干燥操作有更高的要求。针对这些问题，近些年日本科学家和工程技术人员在干燥领域已经取得了许多创新成果，本文将着重介绍他们在综合多个单元操作和多种传热方式、9．3μm波长远红外线干燥、干燥过程中微粒子设计以及化学热泵干燥方面的一些成果。     

Recent developments in wool printing

This paper discusses the processing steps involved in the printing of wool, i.e. preparation, printing, steaming, washing-off and aftertreatment, and comments on the pitfalls to be encountered at each stage. Recent developments in the preparation for printing (the most likely source of problems) are reviewed. The special styles of discharge and resist are discussed, and newly developed resist printing processes described. The printing of blends, print-batch (cold), and the numerous attempts to apply transfer printing to wool are also reviewed.     

Recent developments in Process Integration

Process Integration supporting process design, integration and optimisation has been around for more than 40 years. Its development has been closely related to developing the Chemical Engineering, implementation of mathematical modelling and the application of information technology. Its development has been accelerating as the methodology has been able to provide answers and support for important issues regarding economic development—energy, water and resources better utilisation and savings. This contribution is targeted towards a short overview of recent achievements and future challenges.     

Recent developments in gelcasting of ceramics

Gelcasting is a well-established colloidal processing method with a short forming time, high yields, high green capacity and low-cost machining, and has been used to prepare high-quality and complex-shaped dense/porous ceramic parts. In this article, we reviewed recent developments in gelcasting technology for ceramic preparation. For environmental pollution reduction during ceramic preparation by gelcasting, the development of low-toxic and nontoxic gelcasting systems is discussed. The occurrence and control of inner stress and surface-exfoliation in ceramic green bodies prepared by gelcasting are analyzed, and then some methods to control and eliminate the inner stress and surface-exfoliation in ceramic gelcast green bodies, especially for colloidal injection molding of ceramics (CIMC) are proposed. Finally, the applications of gelcasting for the fabrication of porous ceramics and complex-shaped ceramics (e.g., microbeads, rutile capacitor, thin-wall rutile tube, refractory nozzle) are summarized.     

有机硅氧烷一丙烯酸酯乳液研究进展

介绍了有机硅氧烷-丙烯酸酯乳液聚合物的3种制备方法(共混、共聚、复合)及各种乳液的性能特点,并对它在涂料、胶粘剂等方面的应用作了概括。     

有机硅氧烷-丙烯酸酯乳液研究进展

介绍了有机硅氧烷-丙烯酸酯乳液聚合物的3种制备方法(共混、共聚、复合)及各种乳液的性能特点，并对它在涂料、胶粘剂等方面的应用作了概括。     

煤矿阻化材料的研究进展

综述了近年来无机阻化剂、有机阻化剂、高分子阻化剂、复合阻化剂的研究进展,并介绍了各种阻化剂的优缺点;最后对其前景作了一定的展望。     

不定形耐火材料发展的新动态

介绍和评述了不定形耐火材料在结合系统、材质和新品种、施工方法、不定形耐火材料的定形化等方面的发展新动态。结合系统向着尽可能减少由结合物带入杂质成分的“纯净化”的方向发展和向着在受热过程中减少结合物的挥发和分解以减少对材料结构破坏的“稳定化”的方向发展。为满足更高的使用温度、抗渣性、洁净钢的冶炼和有温度急变的高温部位使用 ,导致了MgO基浇注料、含天然鳞片石墨的浇注料以及含阿隆 (AlON)、塞隆 (SiAlON)的浇注料等新材质和品种的出现以及这些方面研发工作的活跃。施工方法向着简便化、机械化和高效化的方向发展。从烘烤的角度看 ,更多的不定形耐火材料具有可以快速乃至免烘烤的特性。与施工方法和高效烘烤相适应 ,出现了自流浇注料、湿式喷射料、自流渗浆浇注料、干式振动 /捣打料、免烘烤捣打料和预制件应用增加的趋势。随着预制件的采用日益增多 ,“定形”和“不定形”的界限正在变得模糊。