软件分布式开发中协同工作支持框架的设计与实现

为了有效地支持软件分布式开发,提高软件协同开发环境的易用性和有效性,从协同理论和应用工具两方面入手,在集成了多种协同应用软件的同时,融入了对参与者的形式描述,提高了开发环境的智能性和可定制性,进而提高了协同开发的质量和效率。     

协同工作(CSCW)下协作模型的研究

基于网络环境下的群体成员间的协同和交互是当前计算机支持下的协同工作(CSCW)研究领域的前沿课题之一,论文在对多协作任务运行结构分析的基础之上,提出了一种基于共享空间的多任务、多角色协作模型,并在一协同写作系统CoEdit中得到了运用,所提模型对于不同协作应用系统的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

Software development and integration in a computer supported cooperative work environment

This paper presents a prototype computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) environment that supports the engineering design process. In particular, this environment provides collaborative tools that support computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided software engineering (CASE). This paper takes an high level look at the system as a whole and then focuses on the method used to implement the CASE support. It addresses how group members can simultaneously work on coding a program and then integrate their work to form a single program inside this environment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Supporting articulation work using software configuration management systems

Software product development is a highly collaborative activity, where teams of developers need to collaborate to produce a system. It is also a domain where systems are used to try to help the developers coordinate their work. This paper describes the results of an empirical study of the use of one such system, a configuration management tool. Specifically it describes three aspects of the support that the tool provides: the challenges of representing the work, the need to support both individuals and groups working together, and how the assumptions about software development built into the tool interact with others in the organization. The study suggests that long after the initial adoption the tool and the organization continue to interact with each other. It also opens up questions for empirical studies of the organizational context behind the tool usage.This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Researcch Council, United Kingdom. This work was conducted while at the University of California, Irvine.     

协同编辑中维护操作意愿的文档标注方法*

在实时协同编辑系统中,操作意愿一致性维护是国际上提出的新概念,是协同系统一致性维护的重要方面.文档标注文法通过对共享文档进行恰当标注,屏蔽并发操作对共享文档造成的影响,使得操作在任意协作点上执行时的环境与操作产生的环境一致,从而有效地维护操作意愿一致性.结合实际应用中的具体操作,重点论述文档标注方法以及相应的控制算法.     

网格环境下多数据源的协同查询

伴随网格技术的日益发展，作为对数据应用需求的快速回应，在数据网格之后又出现了网格数据库的概念，其中查询又是数据库应用中一个使用频繁的核心功能，由于每个节点上的数据库可能只包含所需信息的一部分，而且查询操作还涉及到数据库异构性、通信开销等问题，这些都给网格环境下的数据库查询性能带来了新的困难。为了提高网格环境下数据库查询的性能，提出了一种运用协同（CSCW）机制来协调网格用户的查询操作的方法，这不仅体现了系统的协同性，而且降低了数据传输开销，还提高了查询效率。     

Roles of Orientation in Tabletop Collaboration: Comprehension, Coordination and Communication

In order to support co-located collaboration, many researchers are now investigating how to effectively augment tabletops with electronic displays. As far back as 1988, orientation was recognized as a significant human factors issue that must be addressed by electronic tabletop designers. As with traditional tables, when people stand or sit at different positions around a horizontal display they will be viewing the contents from different angles. One common solution to this problem is to have the software reorient objects so that a given individual can view them ‘right way up.’ Yet is this the best approach? If not, how do people actually use orientation on tables? To answer these questions, we conducted an observational study of collaborative activity on a traditional table. Our results show that the strategy of reorienting objects to a person’s view is overly simplistic: while important, it is an incomplete view of how people exploit their ability to reorient objects. Orientation proves critical in how individuals comprehend information, how collaborators coordinate their actions, and how they mediate communication. The coordinating role of orientation is evident in how people establish personal and group spaces and how they signal ownership of objects. In terms of communication, orientation is useful in initiating communicative exchanges and in continuing to speak to individuals about particular objects and work patterns as collaboration progresses. The three roles of orientation have significant implications for the design of tabletop software and the assessment of existing tabletop systems.     

面向设计过程的协同审图模型及其实现

鉴于现有的电子会议系统不能很好地满足设计部门对工程图进行协同审议的需求，介绍了一个面向设计过程的协同审图模型及其实现方法。该模型利用COM／DCOM实现了针对图档讨论的同步交互，将图档讨论的特点和普通电子会议的功能结合起来，为设计部门提供了一个高效率的工作模式。     

虚拟企业环境下的复杂产品并行开发框架模型研究

为了解决虚拟企业中复杂产品开发的并行调度问题，提出了虚拟企业环境下的复杂产品并行开发框架模型。该模型在采用设计结构矩阵和扩展工作转秽矩阵分析产品并行开发过程中存在的循环迭代基础上，运用遗传算法对开发任务的调度进行优化。仿真结果表明，该框架模型在处理虚拟企业的复杂产品并行开发方面的瓶颈问题有着显著的优势。     

A Multimedia World Wide Web Based Conference Minute System for Group Collaboration

In this paper, we propose a World Wide Web based conference minute system which preserves important information in the conference as web documents and maintains hyperlinks to related minutes to accelerate the progress of the project. This system, based on our Java application sharing framework, provides capabilities to record and replay the audio/video data of the video conference and operations of the shared applications used in the meeting in a synchronous manner. Through the hyperlinks, people can quickly understand the logic flow of every meeting held in the project duration and select any part in a meeting for replay to know what has actually happened. Furthermore, when a new meeting is held, a minute template is generated by the system to inherit the hyperlinks from its predecessors. Other related minutes and the execution status of the resolutions in the project can be easily accessed through the hyperlinks between them. Through the help of the system, execution of the project and management of its organizational memory could be easily achieved to increase the productivity of the collaborative groups with geographically dispersed members.     

基于P2P结构的协同设计系统的构架研究*

提出了一种混合结构的协同架构模型构架,采用客户/服务器架构的部分来发现用户,而在系统设计时采用一种任务分层分组的P2P协同设计构架。这样设计既保证了用户参与的方便性,又增加了系统的扩展性和可靠性,同时提出使用该模型的信息分类传输策略减少用户进行设计时的网络流通量。最后提出了冲突解决机制。     

面向CSCW的快速应用程序开发系统的设计

提出了和种面向会议系统的基于ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ协议和ＴＣＬ／ＴＫ脚 本语言的跨平台,可扩展,可视化的ＣＳＣＷ快速应用程序开发系统的模型和工给出了设计的方法。     

Application of OLAP to a PDM database for interactive performance evaluation of in-progress product development

This paper applies online analytic processing (OLAP), a widely accepted database analysis technique, to a product data management (PDM) database to evaluate the performance of in-progress product development. This paper introduces a set of processing key performance indicators (KPIs) that can measure ongoing product development. To convert and analyze operational data in a PDM database with interactive OLAP operations, this study proposes a multidimensional data model specified by product facts with associated dimensions. The model is implemented using a commercial OLAP engine, and applied to a database supported by a prototype PDM system. The OLAP engine allows analysts to interactively evaluate the performance of in-progress product development in a multidimensional data space. This is a far more flexible and efficient approach than other result-oriented static evaluation approaches.     

Use of ANP weighted crisp and fuzzy QFD for product development

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a popular planning method often used to transform customer demands/requirements into the technical characteristics of a new or improved product or service. In order to better capture (and represent) the multifarious relationships between customer requirements and technical characteristics, and the relative weights among customer requirements, in this study a hybrid analytic network process (ANP)-weighted fuzzy methodology is proposed. The goal is to synthesize renowned capabilities of ANP and fuzzy logic to better rank technical characteristics of a product (or a service) while implementing QFD. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed methodology a real-world scenario, where a new equipment to squeeze the polyethylene pipes to stop the gas flow without damaging the pipes, is developed. The ranking of technical characteristics of the product is calculated using both crisp and fuzzy weights for illustration and comparison purposes.     

When groups decide to use asynchronous online discussions: collaborative learning and social presence under a voluntary participation structure

The purpose of this study is to explore how groups decide to use asynchronous online discussion forums in a non-mandatory setting, and, after the group decision is made, how group members use online discussion forums to complete a collaborative learning project requiring complex data gathering and research processes. While a large body of research on computer-mediated communication (CMC) has documented successful intervention strategies to promote and sustain online discussion forums, little of the research has examined the use of online discussion forums in voluntarily contexts, wherein the decision to use online discussion forums is a personal decision and participation is not a graded component. This study approaches the research questions using a naturalistic case study of one graduate-level blended learning course with 55 students. Employing both student interviews and content analysis methods, this study revealed that the factors affecting the group decision to use online discussion forums are (1) successful or unsuccessful experiences during the first trial, (2) perceived affordances of CMC tools, and (3) the interplay between the nature of collaborative tasks and perceived efficiency. The content analysis of online postings in two voluntary groups revealed that when groups decided to use online discussion forums, participation levels were almost equal among individual group members, and discussion threads were sustained until the final completion of the collaborative project.     

WeBid: A web-based framework to support early supplier involvement in new product development

It has been found from the contemporary research in the fields of concurrent engineering and supply chain management that significant benefits can be achieved if suppliers are involved in the early stages of product development process. However, recent investigation in manufacturing industries has also revealed that this approach is not widely practised in industries and its implementation has been a great challenge to researchers and practitioners. The research reported here proposes to develop an overall methodology for enabling better supplier involvement in new product development process and to demonstrate the framework through a prototype web-based platform on the Internet/intranets using the web technology. This paper presents some results from the initial investigation, development and implementation of the proof-of-the-concept prototype system called WeBid.     

A DEA benchmarking methodology for project planning and management of new product development under decentralized profit-center business model

In today’s highly competitive marketplace, technology-driven organizations widely adopt decentralized profit-center business model. In order to complete a series of new product development (NPD) activities on time and within budgetary constraints, the NPD managers need an objective benchmarking approach to gain accurate perception on the relations of resource allocations, profits, costs and times for each NPD activity. Thus, this study employs the data envelopment analysis (DEA) concept to put forward a benchmarking planning and management methodology to optimize the NPD activities within a profit center for achieving the goal of maximal profit and satisfying the resource constraints. By applying the real case of the electric motor scooter NPD project, this research demonstrates the method’s real case application with superior results, comparing to other existing approaches.     

Design and development of a mobile EPC-RFID-based self-validation system (MESS) for product authentication

The increase in the number of counterfeits penetrating into the open market has created the need for a product authentication approach in tracing and tracking the product anytime, anywhere. Owing to the vague concepts frequently represented in flow of products, this paper presents a self-valuation and visualization system by integrating the RFID technology and EPC concept to protect products from counterfeiting by the means of mobile platform. In this paper, a system architecture is proposed which is capable of integrating mobile technology and EPC-RFID applications. The implementation roadmap of such system architecture is examined and explained in the context of a case study. The aims of the system are to provide greater visibility of the product logistic flow data and to improve the anti-counterfeit process, from traditional physical identification to self-validated location-based authentication. The case study illustrates the capability, benefits and advantages of using the proposed system, particularly its support of product authentication and supply chain activities in countering the global counterfeit problems.