灰岩单轴抗压特性的浸水效应研究

为了考察软岩浸水后软化行为对单轴抗压特性的影响,取河南陈四楼煤矿二1煤底板太原组灰岩为试验材料,在三种不同的加载速率下,对不同浸水时间下试样进行单轴压缩试验,得到关于灰岩抗压特性的浸水效应。试验结果表明:在一定的加载速率下,随浸水时间增加,抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐减小,且降低幅度越来越小;随浸水时间增加,试样逐渐由弹性变形转变为塑性变形,但极限应变基本不变;试样内部不可逆的损伤破坏加剧,总应变能和弹性能与浸水时间呈指数关系,耗散能随浸水时间的变化可以用线性关系拟合。     

Microscopic phase-field simulation for coarsening behavior of L12 and DO22 phases of Ni75CrxAl25-x alloy

Based on the microscopic phase-field dynamic model and the microetasticity theory, the coarsening behavior of L12 and DO22 phases in Ni75CrxAl25-x alloy was simulated. The results show that the initial irregular shaped, randomly distributed L12 and DO22 phases are gradually transformed into cuboidal shape with round comer, regularly aligned along directions [100] and [001], and highly preferential selected microstructure is formed during the later stage of precipitation. The elastic field produced by the lattice mismatch between the coherent precipitates and the matrix has a strong influence on the coarsening kinetics, and there is no linear relationship between the cube of the average size of precipitates and the aging time, which does not agree with the results predicted by the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner. The coarsening processes of L12 and DO22 phases are retarded in elastically constrained system. In the concurrent system of L12 and DO22 phases, there are two types of coarsening modes: the migration of antiphase domain boundaries and the interphase Ostwald ripening.     

Effect of Fe Particle on the Surface Peeling in Cu-Fe-P Lead Frame

1 IntroductionCu-Fe-Palloys are most widely usedinthe Cu-basedleadframe of integrated circuit ,becausethe Cu-Fe-Pleadframe alloys have a highstrengthand afavorable electricalconductivity. However ,after multiple agingand coldroll-ing of the alloy,peeling damage will occur onthe surfaceof the alloy.Agreat deal of studies interests in the copper leadframeis concentrated onthe alloy’s microstructure ,prop-erties and manufacturing processes[1-7].There are fewre-ports in the literatures dealing…     

Computer simulation for the effect of coherent strain on the precipitation progress of binary alloy

Based on the microscopic elasticity theory and microscopic diffusion equation, the precipitation progress of the binary alloys including coherent strain energy was studied. The results show that coherent strain has obvious effect on the coherent two-phase morphology and precipitation mechanism. With the increase of coherent strain energy, the particles shape changes from the randomly distributed equiaxed particels to elliptical precipitate shapes,their arrangement orientation increases; in the late stage of precipitation, the particle arrangement presents obvious directionality along the [10]and[01]directions, and the precipitation mechanism of alloy changes from typical spinodal decomposition mechanism to the mixture process which possesses the characteristics of both non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition mechanisms.     

基于纳米压痕技术的电子玻璃微观力学性能研究

为了研究不同电子玻璃的微观力学性能,采用先进的纳米压痕技术记录钠钙硅、无碱硼铝硅和碱铝硅等典型电子玻璃的载荷-位移曲线,利用Oliver-Pharr方法和经典的弹塑性变形理论,计算玻璃的硬度和弹性模量. 玻璃的硬度主要与结构的键合度相关,平均非桥氧数越高,外力作用下越容易致密化,硬度越小;弹性模量主要取决于质点间的化学键强度,化学键力越强,变形越小,弹性模量越大;九点法测得的弹性模量与硬度的变化趋势不完全相同,借助硬度-弹性模量-能量耗散之间的本征关系,评价玻璃样品的微观均匀性,其中无碱硼铝硅玻璃的恢复阻力大,局部能量耗散大,不容易引起整体破坏,力学性能最好;与浮法工艺相比,溢流下拉法制备样品的局部力学性能波动较小,微观均匀性较好.     

Simulation of the precipitation process of Ni_(75)Al_xV_(25-x) alloys incorporated in the microelasticity field

1. Introduction A solid-state phase transformation generally gener- ates elastic strain energy between the precipitates, which is caused by the difference of lattice parameters of the precipitates. The elastic strain plays a critical role in determining t…     

磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值分析

为了改善单链模型的准确性，从颗粒间的磁相互作用能出发，建立了磁流变液多链计算模型．考虑链内颗粒和相邻链中颗粒的影响，利用磁能密度的变化，得到了磁致剪切应力应变关系，由剪切应力应变曲线的最大值来确定磁流变液的剪切屈服应力．对于链状结构，研究了链间距与链内相邻颗粒距离之比对磁流变液剪切屈服应力的影响；对于柱状结构，通过确定柱的大小及相邻柱的间距，构建了BCT结构计算模型，对含柱状结构的磁流变液的剪切屈服应力进行了分析．计算结果表明，当比值较大时，多链模型与单链模型趋于一致；比值较小时单链模型的误差不能忽略．传统的单链模型高估了磁流变液的剪切屈服应力，铁磁颗粒体积比浓度较小时，链状结构有比柱状结构更高的剪切屈服应力；而当颗粒体积比浓度较大时，柱状结构优于链状结构．     

Microscopic phase-field simulation for coarsening behavior of L12 and DO22 phases of Ni75Cr x Al25? x alloy

Based on the microscopic phase-field dynamic model and the microelasticity theory, the coarsening behavior of L1₂ and DO₂₂ phases in Ni₇₅Cr _x Al_25−x alloy was simulated. The results show that the initial irregular shaped, randomly distributed L1₂ and DO₂₂ phases are gradually transformed into cuboidal shape with round corner, regularly aligned along directions [100] and [001], and highly preferential selected microstructure is formed during the later stage of precipitation. The elastic field produced by the lattice mismatch between the coherent precipitates and the matrix has a strong influence on the coarsening kinetics, and there is no linear relationship between the cube of the average size of precipitates and the aging time, which does not agree with the results predicted by the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner. The coarsening processes of L1₂ and DO₂₂ phases are retarded in elastically constrained system. In the concurrent system of L1₂ and DO₂₂ phases, there are two types of coarsening modes: the migration of antiphase domain boundaries and the interphase Ostwald ripening. Foundation item: Project(50671084) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(20070420218) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation     

卸围压条件下砂岩变形破坏特性试验研究

从可释放弹性应变能角度对岩石卸围压条件下破坏特性进行研究,利用MTS815电液压伺服可控制刚性试验机进行保持轴向变形不变的卸围压试验,根据卸围压试验数据,分析了该砂岩卸围压过程中变形、强度、弹性模量及能量变化特征。结果表明:随着围压逐渐降低,岩样发生侧向不断扩容;轴向应力逐渐降低,呈现出非线性特征;弹性模量在初始阶段几乎不变化,越过破坏点之后大幅降低;可释放的弹性应变能在初始阶段增大比较缓慢,当围压降低至一定程度时急剧增大;推导出基于可释放弹性应变能的卸荷岩石的整体破坏准则Ue0。     

Simulation of the precipitation process of Ni75AixV25-x alloys incorporated in the microelasticity field

The microelasticity field was incorporated into the microscopic phase-field equation for the ternary alloy systems, the morphology evolution and coarsening behavior of the Ni75AixV25-x alloy were simulated. The γ phase precipitates initially for Ni75Al7aV17.9 and Ni75Al5.5V19.5 alloys and the two phases transform from the equiaxed or strip-like to the quadrate as the growth and coarsening processes. For the anisotropic elasticity interaction of the system, the orientation of γ is along the 〈001〉 directions and the θ phase is along the short axis direction of [10]. Analysis of the structure and the pair-correlation functions indicate that the average precipitate length scale of the particles increases at the late-stage coarsening, and the dynamical scaling behavior is obeyed.     

Template growth mechanism of spherical Ni（OH）2

The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni（OH）2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism was discussed. With the reaction beginning and continuing, amorphous Ni（OH）2 nano-crystallites grow up to spherical micron-particles with radially arranged crystallites. The nucleation, crystallization and re-crystallization led by Ostwald ripening simultaneously take place through the whole growth processes. With the course from reversible aggregation to irreversible agglomeration, the Ni（OH）2 particles tend to grow according to the template growth model： the growth on the crystallite templates stretching in the radius directions is free and quick, while the growth rate for crystallites in other directions is confined due to lower monomers concentration and tends to dissolve So it is only the radially arranged crystallites that predominate in the particle and lead to characteristic microstructures.     

Effect of Relative Stress on Post-Peak Uniaxial Compression Fracture Energy of Concrete

1　IntroductionItisrealizedthatthelinearelasticfracturemechan icsisnownotapplicabletofractureinordinaryconcretestructures .Todescribethesofteningbehaviorofconcrete ,differentmodelsbasedonnon linearfracturemechanicalideaswereproposed ,suchasthefictitiouscrackmodel[1](FCM )byHillerborgetal.(1976 ) ,thecrackbandmodel[2 ] byBazant (1983) ,andthetwo parameterfrac turemodel[3 ] byJenqandShah (1985 ) .ThedifficultywithFCMliesindeterminingtheval uesofthethreeparametersbyexperiments .Toobtaintheval…     

高弹桥面铺装表面冰层破坏特性的断裂力学分析

提出以破冰率Rbreak作为桥面冰层破坏的定量评价指标,根据强度理论及能量法计算确定了高弹性桥面冰层破坏形式及破冰率大小,通过在冰层底部不同方向植入初始裂纹,采用断裂力学方法计算了裂纹扩展特征,首次提出了基于断裂力学方法的破冰率修正系数,得到主要结论:采用橡胶颗粒沥青混合料高弹桥面铺装层可实现桥面冰层破坏,且冰层破坏形式为受压破坏;由断裂力学方法计算得到的冰层底部裂纹扩展方式为滑开型开裂;提出以滑开型开裂对受压型破坏的破冰率修正系数为1.81.     

Mechanical Property Evaluation on the Bending and Compressing Behaviour of Nano-beam

Based on quasicontinuum(QC) multiscale simulation method,a series of simulation models were set up for bending and compressing rod-shaped microstructure of single crystal Cu.The effects of structural parameters on typical mechanical properties were analyzed,such as elastic modulus,elastic limit,yield strength,and Poisson's ratio.According to the analysis of displacement,inner stress and strain energy,the mechanisms of deformation and failure were also revealed.The experimental result shows that the mechanical properties exhibit obvious size effect during the bending and compression process.In the bending simulation,when the span-thickness ratio is more than 10,the elastic modulus rises slightly with the increase of strain.And the smaller the beam is,the faster the elastic modulus grows.Meanwhile,when the spanthickness ratio keeps constant the elastic modulus will decrease with the growth of the beam sizes.However,in the compression model,the size effect on Poisson's ratio is not remarkable.The dimensional change in one direction cannot influence the mechanical parameters greatly.Mechanical twins and dislocation contribute to the compression behaviour greatly.Meanwhile,the stress concentration can also be found in the inner partial area and the strain energy decreases abruptly after the crush of beam microstructure.     

线性软化土体中球孔扩张问题的解析解

采用三折线线性软化模型描述了土体应力－应变关系，以Mohr-Coulomb为屈服准则，同时考虑塑性区弹性变形、土体剪胀以及土体软化的特性，推导了孔扩张后孔周各个区域的应力、应变及位移解析解，讨论了剪胀角、应变软化系数、是否考虑塑性区弹性变形对解答结果的影响.结果表明，最终扩张压力、塑性区半径都随剪胀角的增大而增大；软化系数对塑性区半径影响很小，但对最终扩张压力影响较大，随着软化系数的增大，最终扩张压力增大；考虑塑性区弹性变形对扩张问题解答的影响随扩张半径的增大越趋明显；考虑塑性区的弹性变形，最终扩孔压力偏小.     

水焦浆/水煤浆燃烧特性对比研究

采用热重分析仪研究了水焦浆的着火、燃烧特性,并与兖州烟煤水煤浆、贵州无烟煤水煤浆进行了对比;通过TG-DTG法确定燃烧特征温度;采用Flynn-Wall—Ozawa法进行反应动力学分析．结果表明,水焦浆的着火和燃尽温度界于烟煤水煤浆和无烟煤水煤浆之间;随升温速率的升高,各样品的着火、燃尽温度升高,说明燃烧反应向高温区转移;可燃性指数随升温速率升高,表明燃烧特性提高;由动力学分析知,在同一转化率下,水焦浆的活化能低于烟煤水煤浆和无烟煤水煤浆;水焦浆具有着火难,但一旦着火,燃烧反应剧烈的特点．     

等温凝固过程中枝晶生长与枝晶熟化的相场法模拟

采用相场方法模拟了Al-2%Si合金等温凝固中枝晶生长与枝晶熟化过程。结果表明：在枝晶生长初期主要是初生枝晶臂的长大,形成二次或更高次枝晶臂。当侧向分枝生长到边界后,二次枝晶臂停止生长,从而进入熟化阶段。枝晶的等温熟化模式主要是小枝晶臂的熔化、枝晶臂的合并与熔断,枝晶分枝的平滑化以及小液滴的圆滑化。当凝固时间小于0.7ms,固相分数增加的快,枝晶的生长成为主导;当凝固时间大于0.8ms,固相分数变化不明显,枝晶的熟化成为主导.     

Effect of pore pressure on deformation and unstable snap-back for shear band and elastic rock system

Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua（FLAC） was used to study the influence of pore pressure on the mechanical behavior of rock specimen in plane strain direct shear, the distribution of yielded elements, the distribution of displacement and velocity across shear band as well as the snap-back （elastic rebound） instability. The effective stress law was used to represent the weakening of rock containing pore fluid under pressure. Numerical results show that rock specimen becomes soft （lower strength and hardening modulus） as pore pressure increases, leading to higher displacement skip across shear band. Higher pore pressure results in larger area of plastic zone, higher concentration of shear strain, more apparent precursor to snap-back （unstable failure） and slower snap-back. For higher pore pressure, the formation of shear band-elastic body system and the snap-back are earlier; the distance of snap-back decreases; the capacity of snap-back decreases, leading to lower elastic strain energy liberated beyond the instability and lower earthquake or rockburst magnitude. In the process of snap-back, the velocity skip across shear band is lower for rock specimen at higher pore pressure, showing the slower velocity of snap-back.     

残余应力及其表征参数对材料滚动接触性能的影响

为了深入研究残余应力对滚动接触的影响规律,建立了圆柱滚子轴承二维有限元简化模型,在施加不同残余应力的基础上进行弹塑性分析,并对残余应力的表征参数如梯度、大小和深度等进行了影响研究。结果表明：残余压应力能使弹性变形阶段的接触应力和塑性变形阶段的塑性应变下降;等大的残余拉应力则使二者增大更大的比率。通过参数研究发现：残余压应力梯度越小,塑性应变越小,残余拉应力梯度越接近0,塑性应变越小;残余压应力越大,塑性应变越小,残余拉应力越大,塑性应变越大;残余压应力加深一定值能够降低滚动接触塑性应变,从而提高疲劳寿命,残余拉应力的加深则会引起塑性应变和疲劳损伤的增大。     

非等密度颗粒气固流化床的微观尺度模拟与分析

采用计算流体力学与离散单元法相耦合的CFD-DEM方法对两种表观气速下三维非等密度颗粒流化床内的气固运动进行了数值模拟研究,对比了两种气速下流化床内颗粒的分层和混合现象,发现在非等密度颗粒流化床内,有不同程度的颗粒分层现象存在。当表观气速较低,处于最小密度颗粒的临界流化速度和最大密度颗粒的临界流化速度之间时,颗粒体系出现了较为明显的分层现象,整体上为重颗粒在下、轻颗粒在上的分层结构;当表观气速较高,大于最大密度颗粒的临界流化速度时,分层现象不再明显。采用Lacey混合指数分析了流化床内颗粒之间的混合状况,发现颗粒密度差越小,混合指数越大,越难分离;颗粒密度差越大,则混合指数越小,分离越完全.