动力运行工艺过程环境因素识别与评价

建立和实施环境管理体系,环境因素具有非常重要的地位,环境因素的识别和评价是建立和运行环境管理体系的基础.正确识别与评价各类环境因素,并实现对重要环境因素的有效控制是建立和实施环保体系的主要工作,因而对重要环境因素评价的方法进行深入研究非常必要.通过对环境因素及相关的内容作深入研究,从而为某集团能够顺利地通过ISO14001环境管理体系认证起到很好的参考作用.     

Towards an energy management maturity model

Energy management is becoming a priority as organizations strive to reduce energy costs, conform to regulatory requirements, and improve their corporate image. Despite the upsurge of interest in energy management standards, a gap persists between energy management literature and current implementation practices. This gap can be traced to the lack of an incremental improvement roadmap. In this paper we propose an Energy Management Maturity Model that can be used to guide organizations in their energy management implementation efforts to incrementally achieve compliance with energy management standards such as ISO 50001. The proposed maturity model is inspired on the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle approach for continual improvement, and covers well-understood fundamental energy management activities common across energy management texts. The completeness of our proposal is then evaluated by establishing an ontology mapping against ISO 50001.     

基于ISO 9000质量标准的机车检修信息管理系统的研究与实现

对开发支持ISO9000标准的机车检修管理系统可行性进行分析,介绍如何将ISO9000标准引入信息管理系统,以提高质量管理水平,从而使机车检修质量得以保证。     

Identifying the factors which affect the decision to attain ISO 14000

Formally adopted in 1996 by the International Organization of Standardization, ISO 14000 represents a new voluntary international environmental standard, which will likely be adopted by the vast majority of corporations. Its major focus is on the structure, implementation, and maintenance of a formal environmental management system. While the literature is clearly divided in its assessment of ISO 14000, an underlying common theme is that the decision to achieve ISO 14000 certification constitutes a major undertaking for most firms. Such an undertaking, it is argued, does not take place in a vacuum. Rather, it is a response to a number of factors or influences. However, no research to date has empirically identified these factors and explained how they can be leveraged into a competitive advantage. In this article, we use qualitative case studies to identify which factors affect the decision to attain ISO 14000 certification and we also explain how these factors can influence the level of success achieved during the certification process.     

A new way to define better improvement options of existing buildings for energy saving

This work proposes a new methodology that is based on the ISO 13790 standard and the Monte Carlo method, which helps obtain the probability density function of the energy consumption in real buildings. The energy consumption under different improvement processes for each building was modelled considering variables such as thermal inertia, number of air changes and number of occupants. Some types of modifications, which are common and basic, were found to exert a clear effect over building energy consumption but these were not exactly defined by recommendations of most of the standards. Its effect was mostly due to the two parameters – the number of occupants and the number of air changes. These results should be considered in future during development of new standards for the purpose of defining the optimal amount of building energy consumption.     

Trace level analysis of reactive ISO 14687 impurities in hydrogen fuel using laser-based spectroscopic detection methods

Hydrogen fuelled vehicles can play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport and reducing emissions. To ensure the durability of fuel cells, a specification has been developed (ISO 14687), setting upper limits to the amount fraction of a series of impurities. Demonstrating conformity with this standard requires demonstrating by measurement that the actual levels of the impurities are below the thresholds. Currently the industry is unable to do so, for measurement standards and sensitive dedicated analytical methods are lacking. In this work, we report on the development of such measurement standards and methods for four reactive components: formaldehyde, formic acid, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride. The primary measurement standard is based on permeation, and the analytical methods on highly sensitive and selective laser-based spectroscopic techniques. Relative expanded uncertainties at the ISO 14687 threshold level in hydrogen of 4% (formaldehyde), 8% (formic acid), 5% (hydrogen chloride), and 8% (hydrogen fluoride) have been achieved.     

质量管理模式的比较与思考

介绍了ISO9000标准、全面质量管理、卓越绩效几种质量管理模式和发展历程,分析比较了他们的特点和相互关系,并对一体化管理体系的前景作了阐述。     

Development of an optimization model for energy systems planning in the Region of Waterloo

In this study, a large‐scale dynamic optimization model (University of Regina Energy Model, UREM) has been developed for supporting long‐term energy systems planning in the Region of Waterloo. The model can describe energy management systems as networks of a series of energy flows, transferring extracted/imported energy resources to end users through a variety of conversion and transmission technologies over a number of periods. It can successfully incorporate optimization models, scenario development and policy analysis within a general framework. Complexities in energy management systems can be systematically reflected; thus, the applicability of the modeling process can be highly enhanced. Four scenarios (including a reference case) are considered based on different energy management policies and sustainable development strategies for in‐depth analysis of interactions existing among energy, socio‐economy and environment in the Region. Useful solutions for the planning of energy management systems have been generated, reflecting trade‐offs among energy‐related, environmental and economic considerations. They are helpful for supporting (a) adjustment or justification of the existing allocation patterns of energy resources and services, (b) allocations of renewable energy resources, (c) formulation of local policies regarding energy consumption, economic development and energy structure, and (d) analysis of interactions among economic cost, system efficiency, emission mitigation and energy‐supply security. Results also indicate that UREM can help tackle dynamic and interactive characteristics of the energy management system in the Region of Waterloo and can address issues concerning cost‐effective allocation of energy resources and services. Thus, it can be used by decision makers as an effective technique in examining and visualizing impacts of energy and environmental policies, regional/community development strategies and emission reduction measures within an integrated and dynamic framework. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis model for a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system

Nowadays the biggest challenge for most organizations is a real and substantial application of sustainability through the measurement and comparability of results in order to satisfy the principles of sustainability of all the stakeholders. Definitively, it is necessary to pursue sustainability through the measurements of specific indicators and control the variables that influence the state of the economic, social and environmental issues. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the development of a comprehensive, yet practical and reliable tool for a systematic sustainability assessment, based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to support decision makers in complex decision problems in the field of environmental sustainability. The results are applied to a novel compressed air energy storage system proposed as a suitable technology for the energy storage in a small scale stand-alone renewable energy power plant (photovoltaic power plant) that is designed to satisfy the energy demand of a radio base station for mobile telecommunications. The outcome is a dynamic analysis and iterative integrated sustainability assessment of corporate performance.     

受压小口径钢管原材料质量管理和控制

本文以嘉兴电厂样板工程为例，应用ISO9000系列标准总结了大型电站锅炉受压小口径钢管的质量管理和质量控制，使原材料的采购、入厂验收、入库保管、发放使用和生产制造全过程按质量管理有序运转。文中还叙述建立原材料质量管理网络和工人与管理者相结合的联合工作网络小组；运用连续改进正统波原理，激发人的潜能，改进质量管理，创造出一流实物质量的水平。     

ISO9001质量管理体系在多缸柴油机装配试车涂装项目中的应用

介绍了某多缸柴油机装配试车涂装项目工程。依据ISO9001(2000)标准，将质量管理体系应用于该项目中，确保了供应商在设计、制造、安装和服务阶段都符合规定的质量要求。     

实施ISO9000标准提高企业竞争力的思路和对策

本文对企业实施ISO9000标准过程中存在的问题提出解决办法和思路,强调持续改进的主导思想,并将其融入企业管理的各个层面,会有助于企业不断提高业绩,增强市场竞争能力。     

加强能源、煤炭立法,健全完善煤炭管理体制

当前,我国煤炭管理体制尚未完全理顺,突出表现为有关部门、机构职责分工不明确、政出多门、多头管理、分散执法。这种体制不符合煤炭生产开发的客观规律要求,打乱了整个煤炭行业管理的系统性、科学性,造成整个行业管理弱化、管理效率不高,不利于减轻资源、环境和安全压力,亟待通过制定《能源法》和修订《煤炭法》,理顺管理体制,促进煤炭工业健康发展。     

Life-cycle assessment in the renewable energy sector

The Polish energy industry is facing challenges regarding energetic safety, competitiveness, improvement of domestic companies and environmental protection. Ecological guidelines concern the elimination of detrimental solutions, and effective energy management, which will form the basis for sustainable development. The Polish power industry is required to systematically increase the share of energy taken from renewable sources in the total energy sold to customers. Besides the economic issues, particular importance is assigned to environmental factors associated with the choice of energy source. That is where life-cycle assessment (LCA) is important. The main purpose of LCA is to identify the environmental impacts of goods and services during the whole life cycle of the product or service. Therefore LCA can be applied to assess the impact on the environment of electricity generation and will allow producers to make better decisions pertaining to environmental protection. The renewable energy sources analysed in this paper include the energy from photovoltaics, wind turbines and hydroelectric power. The goal and scope of the analysis comprise the assessment of environmental impacts of production of 1 GJ of energy from the sources mentioned above. The study will cover the construction, operation and waste disposal at each power plant. Analysis will cover the impact categories, where the environmental influence is the most significant, i.e. resource depletion, global warmth potential, acidification and eutrophication. The LCA results will be shown on the basis of European and Australian research. This analysis will be extended with a comparison between environmental impacts of energy from renewable and conventional sources. This report will conclude with an analysis of possibilities of application of the existing research results and LCA rules in the Polish energy industry with a focus on Poland's future accession to the European Union. Definitions of LCA fundamental concepts, its methodology and application are described in the ISO 14040-14049 series of standards. These standards have already been introduced in some countries, but in Poland they are still at the stage of translation into Polish. Nevertheless some companies in Poland try to assess how their products influence the environment and what are the possibilities of technology improvement in the existing production process reduce their environmental impact.     

Probability of occurrence of ISO 14687-2 contaminants in hydrogen: Principles and examples from steam methane reforming and electrolysis (water and chlor-alkali) production processes model

According to European Directive 2014/94/EU, hydrogen providers have the responsibility to prove that their hydrogen is of suitable quality for fuel cell vehicles. Contaminants may originate from hydrogen production, transportation, refuelling station or maintenance operation. This study investigated the probability of presence of the 13 gaseous contaminants (ISO 14687-2) in hydrogen on 3 production processes: steam methane reforming (SMR) process with pressure swing adsorption (PSA), chlor-alkali membrane electrolysis process and water proton exchange membrane electrolysis process with temperature swing adsorption. The rationale behind the probability of contaminant presence according to process knowledge and existing barriers is highlighted. No contaminant was identified as possible or frequent for the three production processes except oxygen (frequent for chlor-alkali membrane process), carbon monoxide (frequent) and nitrogen (possible) for SMR with PSA. Based on it, a hydrogen quality assurance plan following ISO 19880-8 can be devised to support hydrogen providers in monitoring the relevant contaminants.     

Integration of time series forecasting in a dynamic decision support system for multiple reservoir management to conserve water sources

In most of arid and semi-arid regions, there are limited sources of available fresh water for different domestic and environmental demands. Strategic and parsimonious fresh water-use in water-scarce areas such as Southern New Mexico is crucially important. Elephant Butte and Caballo reservoirs are two integrated reservoirs in this region that provide water supply for many water users in downstream areas. Since Elephant Butte Reservoir is in a semi-arid region, it would be rational to utilize other energy sources such as wind energy to produce electricity and use the water supply to other critical demands in terms of time and availability. This study develops a strategy of optimal management of two integrated reservoirs to quantify the savable volume of water sources through optimal operation management. To optimize operations for the Elephant Butte and Caballo reservoirs as an integrated reservoir operation in New Mexico, the authors in this case study utilized two autoregressive integrated moving average models, one non-seasonal (daily, ARIMA model) and one seasonal (monthly, SARIMA model), to predict daily and monthly inflows to the Elephant Butte Reservoir. The coefficient of determination between predicted and observed daily values and the normalized mean of absolute error (NMAE) were 0.97 and 0.09, respectively, indicating that the daily ARIMA prediction model was significantly reliable and accurate for a univariate based streamflow forecast model. The developed time series prediction models were incorporated in a decision support system, which utilizes the predicted values for a day and a month ahead and leads to save significant amount of water volume by providing the optimal release schedule from Elephant Butte into the Caballo Reservoir. The predicted daily and monthly values from the developed ARIMA prediction models were integrated successfully with the dynamic operation model, which provides the optimal operation plans. The optimal operation plan significantly minimizes the total evaporation loss from both reservoirs by providing the optimal storage levels in both reservoirs. The saved volume of the water would be considered as a significant water supply for environmental conservation actions in downstream of the Caballo Reservoir. Providing an integrated optimal management plan for two reservoirs led to save significant water sources in a region that water shortage has led to significant environmental consequences. Finally, since the models are univariate, they demonstrate an approach for reliable inflow prediction when information is limited to only streamflow values. We find that hydroelectric power generation forces the region to lose significant amount of water to evaporation and therefore hinder the optimal use of freshwater. Based on these findings, we conclude that a water scarce region like Southern New Mexico should gain independence from hydroelectric power and save the freshwater for supporting ecosystem services and environmental purposes.     

小型贯流蒸汽锅炉中的节能技术运用及其最新动向

首先就日本的锅炉市场现状作了简介,接着对日本具有代表性节能环保型小型贯流蒸汽锅炉的结构特点及发展概况作了说明,同时详细阐述了小型贯流蒸汽锅炉的单台及其多台并置系统的节能技术;最后通过具体实例说明了诸如冷凝水回收,潜热回收及注重环保效果的无药水处理等锅炉周边系统的节能技术的重要性。     

绿色饭店能源消耗评估指标体系的研究与应用

以调查取样的数据为基础，参照国外先进水平，通过对关键指标的计算和影响因素的统计分析，构建了一个量化的饭店经营能耗指标体系和评估模型，用以指导饭店的能耗管理。在此基础上，通过评估模型的应用．可以评价一个饭店能耗使用的等级，为饭店能耗管理提供了量化管理的规范，以产生良好的节能效益。     

欧盟钢焊工资质考试标准ISO9606-1与EN287-1对比分析

从2015年10月开始,欧盟钢类别的焊工考试标准EN287-1已经被ISO9606-1替代,两标准在内容上有所不同。本文结合两个标准的内容,从填充材料、熔敷金属厚度及母材厚度的认可范围、试件类型、焊接位置等方面着重分析了两者主要异同点,有利于更深入理解钢类焊工资质考试标准内容。     

Comparison of NFPA and ISO approaches for evaluating separation distances

The development of a set of safety codes and standards for hydrogen facilities is necessary to ensure they are designed and operated safely. To help ensure that a hydrogen facility meets an acceptable level of risk, code and standard development organizations (SDOs) are utilizing risk-informed concepts in developing hydrogen codes and standards. Two SDOs, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) through its Technical Committee (TC) 197 on hydrogen technologies have been developing standards for gaseous hydrogen facilities that specify the facilities have certain safety features, use equipment made of material suitable for a hydrogen environment, and have specified separation distances. Under Department of Energy funding, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has been supporting efforts by both of these SDOs to develop the separation distances included in their respective standards. Important goals in these efforts are to use a defensible, science-based approach to establish these requirements and to the extent possible, harmonize the requirements. International harmonization of regulations, codes and standards is critical for enabling global market penetration of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.