碳纳米管对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

为了探讨碳纳米管(CNTs)对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(CF/ER复合材料)力学性能与疲劳寿命的影响,利用静态拉伸实验和拉-拉疲劳实验沿纤维方向对CF/ER复合材料和CNTs增强CF/ER复合材料(CNTs/CF/ER复合材料)进行了对比研究,同时利用X射线仪与扫描电镜对试样进行了观察.研究结果表明,CNTs的加入,虽然对CF/ER复合材料的拉伸力学性能影响不明显,但可以提高高周疲劳寿命约4倍,使各种实验应力水平下的裂纹密度降低9.5％以上,并可观察到试样中CNTs的拔出、破裂及桥联作用.由此可见,CNTs的加入可明显改善CF/ER复合材料的疲劳寿命.     

Wear and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper alloy composites

The mechanical properties and wear behavior of lead-free metal matrix composite, and carbon fiber reinforced copper alloy composites were studied, and compared with a common leaded copper (Cu-6wt.%Zn-6wt.%Sn-3 wt.%Pb) alloy. The effects of carbon fibers and alloy element Sn on these properties were investigated. Carbon fiber/Cu–Sn–Zn composites showed higher hardness and bending strength than the leaded copper alloy when carbon fibers content is less than 12 vol.%. Tribological tests were conducted with disks made from these materials, and tested against a steel counterface. The carbon fiber/Cu–Sn–Zn composites showed higher wear resistance than the leaded copper alloy under a constant load of 50 N. Observations on surface morphology were utilized in understanding the wear properties of these materials. The results show that the wear mechanism of the leaded copper alloy is adhesive wear, while it is mainly adhesive wear accompanied by oxidative wear for the 12 vol.% carbon fiber/Cu–Sn–Zn composites. The 12 vol.% carbon fiber/Cu–Sn–Zn composites are likely to provide optimum substitutes for the leaded copper alloy under the load of 50 N.     

Effect of ball-milling time on mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum matrix composites

Carbon nanotubes reinforced pure Al (CNT/Al) composites were produced by ball-milling and powder metallurgy. Microstructure and its evolution of the mixture powders and the fabricated composites were examined and the mechanical properties of the composites were tested. It was indicated that the CNTs were gradually dispersed into the Al matrix as ball-milling time increased and achieved a uniform dispersion after 6 h ball-milling. Further increasing the ball-milling time to 8–12 h resulted in serious damage to the CNTs. The tensile tests showed that as the ball-milling time increased, the tensile and yield strengths of the composites increased, while the elongation increased first and then decreased. The strengthening of CNTs increased significantly as the ball-milling time increased to 6 h, and then decreased when further increasing the ball-milling time. The yield strength of the composite with 6 h ball-milling increased by 42.3% compared with the matrix.     

Fabrication of magnesium based composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes having superior mechanical properties

Magnesium (Mg) composite reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having superior mechanical properties was fabricated using both pure Mg and AZ61 Mg alloy matrix in this study. The composites were produced via powder metallurgy route containing wet process using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) based zwitterionic surfactant solution with unbundled CNTs. The produced composites were evaluated with tensile test and Vickers hardness test and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). As a result, only with AZ61 Mg alloy matrix, tensile strength of the composite was improved. In situ formed Al₂MgC₂ compounds at the interface between Mg matrix and CNTs effectively reinforced the interfacial bonding and enabled tensile loading transfer from the Mg matrix to nanotubes. Furthermore, it was clarified that the microstructures and grain orientations of the composite matrix were not significantly influenced by CNT addition.     

Effect of fiber arrangement on mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced composites

The present paper developed a three-dimensional (3D) “tension–shear chain” theoretical model to predict the mechanical properties of unidirectional short fiber reinforced composites, and especially to investigate the distribution effect of short fibers. The accuracy of its predictions on effective modulus, strength, failure strain and energy storage capacity of composites with different distributions of fibers are validated by simulations of finite element method (FEM). It is found that besides the volume fraction, shape, and orientation of the reinforcements, the distribution of fibers also plays a significant role in the mechanical properties of unidirectional composites. Two stiffness distribution factors and two strength distribution factors are identified to completely characterize this influence. It is also noted that stairwise staggering (including regular staggering), which is adopted by the nature, could achieve overall excellent performance. The proposed 3D tension–shear chain model may provide guidance to the design of short fiber reinforced composites.     

Hierarchical composites of carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber: Influence of growth condition on fiber tensile properties

Growing carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the surface of high performance carbon fibers (CF) provides a means to tailor the thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of the fiber–resin interface of a composite. However, many CNT growth processes require pretreatment of the fiber, deposition of an intermediate layer, or harsh growth conditions which can degrade tensile properties and limit the conduction between the fiber and the nanotubes. In this study, high density multi-wall carbon nanotubes were grown directly on two different polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers (T650 and IM-7) using thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). The influence of CVD growth conditions on the single-fiber tensile properties and CNT morphology was investigated. The mechanical properties of the resultant hybrid fibers were shown to depend on the carbon fiber used, the presence of a sizing (coating), the CNT growth temperature, growth time, and atmospheric conditions within the CVD chamber. The CNT density and alignment morphology was varied with growth temperature and precursor flow rate. Overall, it was concluded that a hybrid fiber with a well-adhered array of dense MWCNTs could be grown on the unsized T650 fiber with no significant degradation in tensile properties.     

短切炭纤维增强沥青基C/C复合材料的力学性能

利用模压半炭化成型工艺在大气环境下制备出了短切炭纤维增强沥青基C／C复合材料（简称SCFRC）。研究了短切炭纤维的体积分数对SCFRC材料的体积密度和力学性能的影响规律。借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜对其微观组织和断口形貌进行了观察，分析了短切炭纤维对SCFRC材料的增强机制。结果表明，当短切炭纤维的体积分数由0％增大到11．8％时，SCFRC材料的力学性能随之呈线性增加；短切炭纤维增强SCFRC材料的机制主要有裂纹偏转效应、桥联效应以及脱粘和拔出效应。     

Permeability and mechanical properties of plant fiber reinforced hybrid composites

Plant fibers with small diameter generally possess high mechanical properties, while their permeability was relatively low compared to those with large diameter. By hybridizing these two kinds of plant fibers, a composite with both high permeability and good mechanical properties can be achieved. Here, permeability of jute/ramie and ramie fabrics were compared, regarding the flow rate of a vinyl ester resin during the Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding process; and mechanical properties of their composites were addressed thereafter. The faster flow rates of vinyl ester resin proved that jute/ramie fabrics were more permeable than pure ramie fabrics resulting from larger flow space and the greater capillary effect of jute fabrics. Both tensile strength and Charpy impact strength of the hybrid composites dropped slightly after hybridization due to the lower properties of jute than of ramie fiber as the properties of fiber dominated the failure mode. However, interlaminar shear strength remained, since the middle layer was far from the weak jute–ramie interface. The results implicated a method to improve the permeability of plant fiber reinforcement when manufacturing efficiency is considered in industrial application.     

Investigation of structure,mechanical and tribological properties of short carbon fiber reinforced UHMWPE-matrix composites

Structural, mechanical and tribological properties of composite materials based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene reinforced with carbon fibers were investigated. The effect of surface modification of carbon fibers on the interaction at the fiber–matrix interface in UHMWPE based composites was studied. It was found that the thermal oxidation of carbon fibers by air oxygen at 500 °C can significantly enhance the interfacial interaction between the polymer matrix and carbon fibers. This allowed us to form composite materials with improved mechanical and tribological properties.     

Micromechanical analysis of fuzzy fiber reinforced composites

A novel fuzzy fiber reinforced composite (FFRC) reinforced with zig-zag single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers is proposed. The distinct constructional feature of this composite is that the uniformly aligned CNTs are radially grown on the surface of carbon fibers. Analytical models based on the mechanics of materials approach and the Mori–Tanaka method are derived to estimate the effective elastic constants of this proposed FFRC. The values of the effective elastic properties of this composite are estimated with and without considering an interphase between the CNT and the polymer matrix. It has been found that the transverse effective properties of this composite are significantly improved due to the radial growing of CNTs on the surface of carbon fiber. The effective properties are also found to be sensitive to the CNT diameter.     

空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料,采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析.结果表明:空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料;空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大,但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大;15％空心微珠-10％碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳;随着滑动速度提高,空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降,磨损率增大;空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升,而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大;空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损,在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

A strategy for improving mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced epoxy composite using functionalized carbon nanotubes

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates are studied for improvements in quasi static strength and stiffness and tension-tension fatigue cycling at stress-ratio (R-ratio) = +0.1 through strategically incorporating amine functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes (a-SWCNTs) at the fiber/fabric-matrix interfaces over the laminate cross-section. In a comparison to composite laminate material without carbon nanotube reinforcements there are modest improvements in the mechanical properties of strength and stiffness; but, a potentially significant increase is demonstrated for the long-term fatigue life of these functionalized nanotube reinforced composite materials. These results are compared with previous research on the cyclic life of this carbon fiber epoxy composite laminate system reinforced similarly with side wall fluorine functionalized industrial grade carbon nanotubes. Optical and scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrometry are used to confirm the effectiveness of this strategy for the improvements in strength, stiffness and fatigue life of composite laminate materials using functionalized carbon nanotubes.     

Effects of maleated polypropylene on the morphology,thermal and mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) on the properties of short carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The composites were prepared by melt blending and injection molding techniques at different percentages of CF. Tensile tests, hardness, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the physical and morphological properties of the prepared composites. It was observed from SEM photographs that modification with PP-g-MAH improved the interfacial adhesion between the carbon fibers and PP matrix. The ultimate tensile strength, hardness and modulus values of modified PP composites were higher compared to the values of CF reinforced PP composites. Melting temperature of all composites was not changed significantly with increasing CF content; however degree of crystallinity values were decreased with the increasing CF content level.     

Interconnected multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced polymer-matrix composites

A modified method for interconnecting multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was put forward. And interconnected MWCNTs by reaction of acyl chloride and amino groups were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy shows that hetero-junctions of MWCNTs with different morphologies were formed. Then specimens of pristine MWCNTs, chemically functionalized MWCNTs and interconnected MWCNTs reinforced epoxy resin composites were fabricated by cast moulding. Tensile properties and fracture surfaces of the specimens were investigated. The results show that, compared with pristine MWCNTs and chemically functionalized MWCNTs, the chemically interconnected MWCNTs improved the fracture strain and therefore the toughness of the composites significantly.     

碳纳米管/碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料研究

制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)/碳纤维(CF)/环氧树脂(EP)三元复合材料。研究了CNTs含量对复合材料层间剪切强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量的影响,并采用场发射扫描电镜分析了CNTs在基体树脂中的分散情况。结果表明:复合材料性能的变化源自于CNTs在基体树脂中的分散状态。当CNTs含量为0.2%(wt,下同)时,复合材料剪切强度和弯曲强度达到最大值,分别为99.2MPa和1811.4MPa,但其弯曲模量下降了8.7GPa。当CNTs添加量达到1%时,其弯曲模量达到135.9GPa,较未加入CNTs时提高了11.1%,层间剪切强度和弯曲强度分别降低了5.5MPa和359.5MPa。     

Impact and after-impact properties of carbon fibre reinforced composites enhanced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes

The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the impact and after impact behaviour of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. About 0.5% per weight MWCNTs were dispersed via a high shear device in the epoxy matrix (Bisphenol A) of carbon reinforced quasi-isotropic laminates. Subsequently, the modified CFRPs were subjected to low-energy impact and directly compared with unmodified laminates. In previous studies, the beneficial effect of the MWCNT inclusion to the fracture properties of CFRPs has been demonstrated. In terms of the CFRP impact performance, enhanced performance for the CNT doped specimens was observed for higher energy levels. However, the after-impact properties and more specifically compression after impact were improved for both the effective compression modulus and the compression strength. In addition, compression–compression fatigue after impact performance of the CNT modified laminates was also improved, by extending the fatigue life.     

改性碳纤维增强尼龙6复合材料的制备及性能

通过硝酸酸化处理及尼龙溶液浸渍上浆处理对碳纤维(CF)进行表面改性,制备高强度、高模量,同时具有低熔指和优异加工性能的CF增强尼龙6(PA6)复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和熔融指数仪等方法,对复合材料的微观结构、力学性能和结晶行为进行测试和表征。结果表明,经过PA6溶液浸渍上浆处理后的CF表面形成了一层PA6薄膜覆盖层,大大增强了CF与PA6基体的结合力,改善了CF的分散性,提升了复合材料整体的强度与模量,改性CF加入量为8%(质量分数)时复合材料拉伸强度提升80.8%,弹性模量提升513.9%。进一步对复合材料结晶行为的分析表明,改性CF的加入能够促进PA6由γ晶型向更稳定的α晶型转变,提高其结晶温度及结晶速率,使复合材料的结晶更加均匀、完善,从而提高体系黏度,降低复合材料熔融指数,显著提升了复合材料的加工性能。