基于磁力等效原理的刚性磁悬浮转子系统高精度在线动平衡

针对磁悬浮飞轮转子不平衡振动问题,提出了一种在线动平衡方法。其基于磁轴承控制作用力与转子不平衡离心力之间的等效原理,通过检测磁轴承的控制作用力解算转子不平衡校正质量。设计了零位移控制器,使转子绕几何轴旋转,此时磁轴承的控制作用力与控制电流呈线性关系,通过测量控制电流来准确获得磁轴承的控制作用力。该方法消除了传统方法由动力学模型过度简化带来的误差,尤其适用于强陀螺效应的扁平型刚性磁悬浮转子系统。实验验证了该方法的有效性,对提高磁悬浮转子系统的动平衡精度具有实际意义。     

航空发动机整机动力响应分析及程序设计

航空发动机整机动力响应分析软件的设计思想是将发动机作为三路（静子机匣系统，高压转子系统和低压转子系统）来建立模型，用直接积分法分析发动机整机动力响应。该软件可以分析由于转子不平衡力引起的发动机的稳态响应，还可以分析发动机的瞬态响应，如转子突加不平衡和转子加速时发动机的响应。软件也可以进行发动机局部结构修改后的响应分析及灵敏度分析等。算例分析结果表明，软件的计算时间、精度等均满足设计要求，在目前较多使用的微机上，就可以分析双转子航空发动机的整机动力响应。     

螺桨转子颤振涡动分析及其程序设计

螺桨转子颤振涡动分析软件（ＰＰＷＦＡ）的设计目的是，分析螺桨转于系统的动力响应和颤振涡动特性，以及分析影响螺桨转子稳定性的各个因素。该软件考虑桨叶的振动变形，桨轴一支承系统的振动特性，以及螺桨转子的不平衡力。通过对一模型螺桨转子系统的计算分析，对软件进行了考核，计算结果与风洞试验结果作了比较，证明软件的设计及计算是正确的。文中还给出了对一实际螺桨转子系统的颤振涡动计算结果。本文是该软件设计和计算工作的技术总结，并对软件的功能和性能等作一介绍。     

Bearing dynamic parameters identification for a sliding bearing-rotor system with uncertainty

Bearing dynamic parameters of a sliding bearing-rotor system are important factors to the vibration absorbing characteristics. It is a valuable method to identify bearing dynamic parameters based on the unbalance response. Nevertheless, in Engineer, the unbalance parameters are uncertain due to the structural complexity and manufacturing or measuring error. Thus, developing an efficient method to estimate the bearing dynamic parameters for the uncertain unbalance parameters seems more important and necessary. This paper presented an inverse method for identifying stably the bounds of bearing dynamic parameters with uncertain unbalance parameters based on dynamic load identification method and the interval analysis .In the method, bearing dynamic parameters identification problem is formulated as the oil film force reconstruction by considering the oil film supports as rotor load boundary conditions; the midpoint oil film force and the first derivative to each uncertain unbalance parameter need be calculated with the interval analysis; the bounds of bearing dynamic parameters can be finally identified based on the interval mathematics. Finally, the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method are verified by a numerical example.     

薄壁机匣发动机轴承位置不平衡响应矢量逆推方法

整机动平衡相较传统工艺动平衡可大幅提高整机不平衡振动控制效率;由于发动机振动测点位于薄壁机匣支承结构表面,无法直接测得轴承位置的不平衡响应矢量,使整机动平衡难度增大。为此,提出一种基于机匣外部测振信号的轴承位置不平衡响应矢量逆推方法;虑及薄壁机匣支承结构动力特性的影响,通过仿真分析结合试验获得测点振动响应与轴承位置不平衡激励之间的影响函数矩阵;利用该函数矩阵及机匣外部振动测点实测响应逆推轴承位置不平衡响应矢量。通过对典型双转子发动机高保真机匣系统的数值仿真分析,验证了该方法的有效性;对于实现发动机转子不平衡矢量逆推以及整机振动控制具有工程应用价值。     

叶片局部损伤对大型水平轴风力机静动态特性影响的仿真分析

基于参数化整机模型研究风力机的静态和动态特性,以及叶片局部损伤对单叶片和整机的静动态特性影响规律,揭示叶片局部损伤与这些特性的关系。使用ANSYS的APDL语言,实现MW级水平轴风力机复合材料叶片的参数化建模;采用公共几何元素、连接单元和自由度耦合等方法,组建包含叶片、轮毂、塔架等部件的整机有限元模型。计算分析了重力、离心力和风压力共同作用下正常整机和包含叶片局部损伤的整机在迎风位置时的静态响应。比较了正常和损伤状态下根部固定单叶片和装入整机中叶片的动态应变响应。研究表明:对根部固定的单叶片,风轮面内的动态应变响应随迎风面损伤程度的增大而减小;对整机中的叶片,垂直风轮面的动态应变响应随迎风面损伤程度的增大而增大。研究方法和结论对大型水平轴风力机叶片损伤的在线监测具有重要 意义。     

大型非线性转子-密封-轴承系统的不平衡响应与稳定性

对实际大型汽轮机转子-密封-轴承系统建立了具有超大规模维数的非线性动力学模型,该模型考虑了密封的非线性激振力、可倾瓦轴承的弹性支承力、转子的阻尼力、不平衡质量力和重力.采用Newmark方法对其进行数值求解,模拟出转子升速过程中汽流激振现象的典型特征和发生汽流激振的失稳转速,并且得到系统参数对转子不平衡响应和稳定性的影响规律.结果表明:适当的增大转子的阻尼、密封的半径间隙和密封流体轴向流速可提高转子发生汽流激振的失稳转速,这为在设计和运行中提高实际大型汽轮机转子-密封-轴承系统的稳定性提供了参考依据.     

螺旋离心泵转子系统动态响应数值分析

为研究螺旋离心泵转子对流固耦合作用的动态响应信息,以ZJ200-25型双叶片螺旋离心泵为研究对象,利用CFD软件CFX12.1和有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对其进行了考虑流场变载荷和结构相互作用的两场交替联合求解。得到转子受到的激励力以及位移响应频谱特点,结果表明：叶轮受到流场变载荷激励,发生了弯曲及拉伸振动;叶轮径向位移随流量增大而减小,其主频率与径向力主频率同为48.3Hz,轴向力以低频随机波动为主,但轴向位移仅在200Hz以内有较明显的响应,且振幅随频率增加而减小;叶轮质心位移在低阶频率处的振幅不高,高阶频率的振幅逐渐减小,轴向及径向位移均没有振幅过大的情况出现,说明螺旋离心泵转子正常工作时未发生共振,稳定性良好。本文研究结果对螺旋离心泵转子系统的设计改良及振动分析具有一定的参考意义。     

离心泵转子动力学模型中流体力的简化

采用叶轮流体力的简化方式可以提高离心泵流体激励诱发振动的计算的准确程度。根据达朗伯原理对试验台架建立了包含离心泵基座的四圆盘三轴段转子动力学模型;将流体力分别简化为叶轮内20 %流体质量、40 %流体质量、CFD集中力与力矩,采用Newmark-隐式算法对转子动力学模型进行瞬态响应分析。结果表明,将叶轮上流体力简化为CFD;所得集中力与力矩时;可有效得出离心泵运转过程中流体激励所诱发的基座振动。而所获得的基座振动位移与加速度幅值均远大于将流体力简化为叶轮内20 %或40 %流体质量所获得的基座振动数值。另一方面,将流体力简化为叶轮内40 %流体质量所获得的基座振动大于简化为叶轮内20 %流体质量所获得的基座振动。     

Modeling and dynamic behavior of rotating blades carrying a tip mass and incorporating adaptive capabilities

Summary The problems of the mathematical modeling and dynamical behavior of rotating blades carrying a tip mass and incorporating adaptive capabilities are considered. The blade is modeled as a thinwalled beam incorporating non-classical features such as anisotropy, transverse shear, secondary warping, and includes the centrifugal and Coriolis force fields. For non-adaptive rotating blades, a thorough validation of the structural model and solution methodology is accomplished. The adaptive capabilities provided by a system of piezoactuators bonded or embedded into the structure are also implemented. Based on the converse piezoelectric effect, the piezoactuators produce a localized strain field in response to an applied voltage, and, as a result, an adaptive change of the dynamic response characteristics is obtained. A combined feedback control law relating the piezoelectrically induced bending moment at the beam tip with the kinematical response quantities appropriately selected is used, and its beneficial effects upon the closed-loop eigenvibration characteristics are highlighted.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Franz Ziegler on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

计电磁不平衡拉力的高速电主轴转子偏心特性研究

针对高速电主轴转子偏心状态产生的两种载荷-电磁不平衡拉力与离心力,据电磁理论建立电磁不平衡拉力载荷模型,理论分析两种偏心载荷幅值及频率特性;应用Timoshenko梁理论,建立耦合入轴承动态支撑刚度矩阵并以两种偏心载荷为外力的转子有限元模型;据动力学方程计算转子系统固有频率、振型,研究电磁不平衡拉力载荷与离心力载荷对转子系统动态特性影响;通过实验验证两种偏心载荷为引起高速电主轴转子振动的主要因素及转子系统一阶固有频率随转速升高而升高,实验结果与理论计算误差较小。     

预紧力与粗糙度对拉杆弯曲振动特性影响的研究

微小型涡喷发动机的离心叶轮轴向长度相比转轴长度不可忽略,可将其看作拉杆转子结构。为研究该拉杆转子结构的弯曲振动特性,建立了包含连接面的简支梁数学模型,应用结合面接触分形理论,推导了预紧力、粗糙度对拉杆弯曲振动特性的数学关系。通过算例研究,得出了预紧力、粗糙度对拉杆弯曲振动特性的影响趋势。结果表明:连接面所需的最小预紧力随着粗糙度的增加呈指数增长;仅考虑连接面刚度变化的情况下,拉杆固有频率与对数坐标下的预紧力之间呈S型曲线关系,粗糙度值越大,S曲线的潜伏期越长;同时考虑预紧力对连接面刚度和拉杆抗弯刚度的影响,当粗糙度较小时,拉杆固有频率随预紧力上升而上升;粗糙度较大或预紧力较大时,拉杆固有频率随预紧力上升而下降。     

有限长轴承非稳态油膜力建模在线性油膜失稳

根据文献[1]提出的非稳态非线性油膜力基本表达式导出了有限长轴承非稳态油膜力近似公式,应用该公式,采用数值模拟,对有限长油膜轴承支撑的刚性Jeffcott转子进行了不平衡力下油膜振荡的非线性分析,得出与文献[13]的结论相类似的分岔和混沌特性。     

In Situ Detection of Turbine Blade Vibration and Prevention

Turbine blades are the most critical components in any power plant. Failure in even one rogue blade out of hundreds of blades fixed on the rotor leads to colossal damage to the machine. Statistics have shown that low-pressure turbine blades in steam power plants are generally more susceptible to failure compared to high- or intermediate-pressure blades. The mechanism of failures is different in each case and is generally very complex. As a result, a large number of blade failures are not fully understood. Two primary forces acting on the blades are the steady centrifugal force due to rotation and the fluctuating steam bending force. In view of no direct access to monitor the health of the blades through vibration or other means, indirect method using non-contacting probes have been attempted and some are in use in special cases. Largely these methods are expensive and intrusive in nature. They involve placing of sensors in the narrow space inside the turbine casing, routing special signal cables with sealing arrangement and involves difficulties in analyzing shot duration signals from each rotating blades. Unless a diagnostic technique is made simple to implement and whose reliability is proven, power plants will not find it attractive to invest on upgrade for safe operation of the machine. This article is about an innovative method of detecting the presence of blade vibration in operating turbine through vibration signal analysis and prevention through process control. The method is based on vibration analysis of the turbine casing. The casing vibration includes signals associated with the blades of different stages called as blade passing frequency (BPF). When the rotating blades vibrate, the analysis of changes in the BPF is a novel way of diagnosing blade vibrations. Signals captured from operating plants have been analyzed and blade vibrations have been detected and verified with Campbell diagram. Laboratory experiments were carried out on a rotating fan to demonstrate robustness of the diagnostics tool for turbine blades.     

剪切型磁流变流体阻尼器--柔性转子系统动力特性的理论和试验研究

首先给出了剪切型磁流变流体阻尼器--柔性转子系统不平衡响应的试验结果,然后提出了磁流变流体阻尼器动力特性的一般模型,在基于Bingham流体模型的基础上从理论上研究了剪切型磁流变流体阻尼器--柔性转子系统的不平衡响应.理论结果虽与试验结果在定性上较为一致,但磁流变流体阻尼器的动力模型仍需改进.     

Some features of molecular flow in a rotor-stator row with real topology

Free molecular flow within rotor and stator rows of a turbomolecular pump is simulated using test-particle Monte Carlo method. The solution is performed in an inertial reference frame where molecular paths are straight lines. The molecules are followed both in rotor and stator in a similar system of coordinates. The real three-dimensional topology of the blade rows including blade thickness, clearance between blade tip wall and casing, and the gap between rotor and stator are considered. Good agreement between numerical results of several rotor-stator combinations and known experimental data confirms the validity of the presented algorithm. The flow analysis shows that although the molecules tend to collect in high radius region, however the concentration of molecules attenuates in the clearance region of rotor, and accentuates in the clearance region of stator. Parametric study of a rotor-stator row shows that the effect of the gap between rotor and stator is significant for the first stages of TMPs with large blade angles and wide spacings, while it is negligible for the last blade rows with small angles and small spacings.     

高速主轴动力学建模及速度效应分析

考虑高速旋转部件的离心力和陀螺力矩效应,利用Timoshenko梁单元和转盘单元建立主轴转子、转盘、主轴箱等部件有限元模型,并对Jones轴承模型进行扩展建立高速滚动轴承非线性模型。将各子部件模型进行集成,得到整个高速主轴系统的非线性动力学方程,并进行试验验证。分别从转子陀螺力矩、转子离心力和轴承软化这三个角度,系统地研究高速旋转状态下主轴-轴承系统内部的速度效应及其对整个系统动态特性的影响规律。结果表明:当系统存在较大的阻尼比(1%~5%)时,陀螺力矩对系统的直接频率响应函数影响不明显,但是对交叉传递函数的影响显著;随着主轴转速的升高,主轴转子的离心力效应会逐渐削弱主轴系统的刚度,最终使整个高速主轴系统的固有频率降低;必须综合考虑主轴转子的离心力效应和轴承的软化效应,才能比较准确地仿真高速主轴系统的动力学特性。     

锤片式粉碎机转子结构动态优化设计

运用有限元法对锤片式粉碎机进行了动力学分析,得到了转子的固有频率、模态振型及不平衡响应等动态特性参数。利用灵敏度分析技术研究了各结构参数对转子动态性能的影响程度。以转子重量和不平衡振动响应为状态变量,以转子的固有频率为目标函数对结构进行了动态优化设计。优化结果表明,转子动态性能得到明显改善,为解决粉碎机的振动问题提供了有效的途径。     

Aeroelastic response and stability analysis of composite rotor blades in forward flight

The aeroelastic phenomena of a composite rotor blade are investigated using a finite element method. The aeroelastic equations of motion of the rotor blade are formulated using a large deflection-type beam model that has no artificial restrictions on the magnitudes of displacements and rotations due to the degree of nonlinearity. The sectional elastic constants of a composite box beam including warping deformations are determined from the refined cross-sectional finite element method. The nonlinear, periodic blade steady response is obtained using a time finite element method on full finite element equation. The aeroelastic stability of a rotor blade is investigated by linearizing the dynamics of the rotor blade about the nonlinear equilibrium position. Numerical results of the steady equilibrium deflections and the aeroelastic modal damping are presented for various configurations of composite rotor blades and are compared with those obtained from a previously published modal analysis using a moderate deflection-type beam theory.     

Failure analysis of a misaligned and unbalanced flexible rotor

Shaft misalignment and rotor unbalance are major concerns in rotating machinery. In order to understand the dynamic characteristics of these machinery faults, a model of a complete motor flexible-coupling rotor system capable of describing these failures was developed. Generalized system equations of motion for a rotor under misalignment and unbalance conditions were derived using the finite element method. A spectral method was developed for resolving the equation of motion. This allows one to obtain and analyze the dynamic response and consequently to identify misalignment and unbalance faults.