06Cr19Ni10不锈钢中大型夹杂物的分析

通过对06Cr19Ni10不锈钢连铸坯中存在的大型夹杂物的形貌和化学成分进行分析,找出了大型夹杂物的形成原因,并给出了防止该类大型夹杂物产生应采取的措施。结果表明：06Cr19Ni10不锈钢中的大型夹杂物属于以CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO为主要成分的脆性夹杂物;初步分析认为该大型夹杂物是在冶炼过程中没有上浮的炉渣在连铸时裹入钢液中形成的,也有可能是沉积在结晶器上的氧化物被下泄的钢液冲入结晶器中进而进入连铸坯所致。     

α-Al_2O_3纳米粉的制备与表征

以AlCl_3·6H_2O为原料,用溶胶—凝胶法制备出Al(OH))3凝胶,反复多次冷冻离心脱水,1180℃煅烧得到纳米级α-Al_2O_3,用x射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面测定(BET)对产品进行表征,证明产品直径为93nm,并讨论了其原理。     

Ni-Fe/γ-Al_2O_3乙醇水蒸汽重整制氢催化剂研究

采用沉淀法制备了一系列不同Fe助剂含量的Ni-Fe/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂.采用XRD、TPR、SEM等手段对催化剂进行表征,发现Fe的加入可以有效地置换出NiAl_2O_4尖晶石中的Ni使之以NiO晶体形式存在.同时,降低了催化剂的还原温度,大大减轻催化剂的团聚现象.催化剂性能测试结果表明,15%Ni-10%Fe/γ-Al_2O_3表现出最好的氢气产率和选择性,650℃时分别为4.71%和68.78%.500℃时对15%Ni-10%Fe/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂进行30h稳定性测试,结果表明,整个阶段氢气的选择性在测试时间段内始终保持在65%左右,没有发现乙烯等副产物.     

Wetting behaviors of molten melt drops on polycrystalline Al_2O_3 substrates in high magnetic fields

We measured the contact angles of Al and Sn drops on polycrystalline Al_2O_3 substrates in various high magnetic fields at different temperatures. The contact angles of both Al and Sn drops on the Al_2O_3 substrates decreased under high magnetic fields. These decreases strongly depend on the temperature,magnetic flux density, magnetic properties of the metal drops, and the reactivity of the metal drops with Al_2O_3. Our results reveal that the wetting behavior of molten metal drops on ceramics can be modified by a high magnetic field.     

Activity of VO in Molten Ternary CaO-SiO2-VO Slag

1. IntroductionVanadium is a nonferrous metal with economicand strategic importance, and it is abundant in ourcountry. It is necessary to improve the recovery ofvanadium in some processes, such as producing pig Fewith vanadium by refining vanadi urn- cont al mug andTi-containing magnetite in blast furnace, and preparing vanadium Fe by smelting vanadium slag or VZOSin electric furnace. So it is theoretically and practically important to obtain the basic data for vanadiumsmelting, by studying…     

掺杂对功率铁氧体磁性能的影响

研究了不同的掺杂组合对MnZn功率铁氧体磁性能的影响。并与传统的最常用的CaO-SiO2做了比较。我们还发现Ca、Ta和Nb离子作为一组掺杂,组以适配的工艺条件,可以取得比常用的CaO—SiO2更好的结果。     

热分解法制备α-Al_2O_3超细粉末

为了探索一种简单易行的制备超细α-Al_2O_3的方法,分别对硝酸铝和硝酸铝与氨水所制Al(OH)_3溶胶进行加热分解,其产物经SEM观察均为0．1～10μm的粉末团聚体,通过X射线衍射测定产物为纯α-Al_2O_3,由Sherrer公式计算知,制备的α=Al_2O_3平均晶粒度分别为45 nm和35nm。通过两种方法的对比可知,直接对硝酸铝进行热分解制备超细α-Al_2O_3,其成本低、产率高、工艺简单易控制。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米复合透明保护薄膜

以正硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯、异丙醇铝和γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为先驱体,通过分步水解法制得SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3复合溶胶,利用提拉法在普通玻面镀制无机-有机复合透明保护薄膜,通过各种测试方法,对SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3复合薄膜的结构和性质进行了分析。结果表明该薄膜具有致密、透明、耐磨擦等性能。由于铝、钛纳米氧化物颗粒的存在,使得硬度及耐磨擦性能比纯SiO2薄膜均有较大的提高。     

CaO-SiO_2:Eu~(3+),Bi~(3+)低温合成及其发光行为

以高纯的 Eu_2O_3,金属 Bi,CaCO_3,Li_2CO_3以及 Si(OC_2H_5)_4(A.R.)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,合成 CaO-SiO_2:Eu~(3+),Bi~(3+)。合成温度较高温固相反应法低300—400℃。最佳组成为0.89CaO-SiO_2:0.045Eu~(3+),0.01Bi(3+)。利用红外光谱、X 射线粉末衍射谱、热重及差热分析研究了由凝胶向发光晶体的转变过程。通过激发光谱和发光光谱的研究,发现 Bi~(3+)离子向 Eu~(3+)离子的能量转移是十分有效的。     

La0.67Sr0.33MnO3中Ag-Ti的掺杂效应

将La0.67Sr0.33MnO3（LSMO）、Ag2O及TiO2粉混合经高温烧结后制备了钙钛矿相/xAg两相复合体系（x是Ag与钙钛矿材料的物质的量比）,系统地研究了Ag-Ti的共掺杂对LSMO电性和磁电阻效应的影响.0.07摩尔比Ti4＋离子的B位掺杂使LSMO的居里温度降至室温.Ag的掺入对Tc影响不大,Tp逐渐升高.由于钙钛矿颗粒属性的改善和金属导电通道的出现,材料的电阻率明显下降.Ag掺杂使室温磁电阻得到显著增强,室温下从x=0.30样品中得到最大的磁电阻,约为32%,是La0.67Sr0.33MnO3样品的8倍,La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.93Ti0.07O3样品的1.6倍.     

RF磁控溅射制备Al_2O_3薄膜及其介电性能研究

以-αAl2O3为靶材,采用射频磁控溅射法制备了非晶Al2O3薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、划痕仪、表面粗糙轮廓仪和阻抗仪研究了不同溅射功率和不同溅射气压对薄膜制备的影响,探索了不同溅射功率下制备的Al2O3薄膜的介电常数和介电损耗与频率的关系。试验结果表明,制备的非晶Al2O3薄膜表面平滑致密;随着工作气压的增加,薄膜沉积速率增加;随着溅射功率的增加,Al2O3薄膜的沉积速率和介电常数逐渐增加、介电损耗逐渐减小;随着频率的增加,Al2O3薄膜的介电常数逐渐减小,高频阶段趋于稳定。     

Sodium Activity in Molten Aluminum Measured with a Solid Electrolyte

The sodium activities in aluminium in equilibrium with cryolite-alumina melt and during electrolysiswere determined by EMF with Naβ-Al_2O_3 solid electrolyte.With this sodium activities,we calculatethe activities of NaF and AIF_3 in the cryolite-alumina melt.The potential difference of discharge be-tween sodium ions and aluminum ions at cathode of Hall-Heroult cell was also obtained from thesodium activity in aluminum.     

高温固相反应工艺制备AlON粉体

以Al₂O₃和AlN为原料, 在氮气气氛下通过高温固相反应工艺合成氮氧化铝（AlON）粉体, 借助XRD分析系统研究了反应温度、保温时间及原料配比等工艺参数对反应产物相组成的影响并探讨了反应机理. 研究结果表明：该反应主要受热力学控制, 动力学因素也具有重要作用, 反应温度和保温时间对AlON粉体的合成均具有重要影响. 在相对较低的反应温度下, 通过AlN固溶进入Al₂O₃晶格形成富氧（O-rich）的AlON相; 在相对较高的反应温度下, 产物中少量残余的AlN通过进一步扩散固溶进入O-rich-AlON晶格形成富氮（N-rich）的AlON相（N-rich-AlON）; 在1950℃时, 合成单相的AlON粉体.     

Shear strength and wettability of active Sn3.5Ag4Ti(Ce,Ga) solder on Al2O3 ceramics

The work deals with the study of wettability of Sn3.5Ag4Ti(Ce,Ga) solder on ceramic material of Al₂O₃. The Sn3.5Ag4Ti(Ce,Ga) solder is used for ultrasonic soldering of metallic and ceramic materials. The microstructure of Sn3.5Ag4Ti(Ce,Ga) solder consists of a tin matrix, where non-uniformly distributed constituents of partially dissolved Ti and uniformly distributed fine needles of Ag–Sn phase were observed. The solder was of heterogeneous composition. X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed the presence of following phases: Ag₃Sn, Ti₆Sn₅, Ti₃Sn. For determination of melting point, the Differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) was performed. Wettability of Sn3.5Ag4Ti(Ce,Ga) solder was determined at temperatures 800, 850 and 900 °C in dependence on wetting time. The best wettability of solder Θ = 46° was achieved at 850 °C/43 min. The experiments with high-temperature activation were performed in vacuum of 10^?4 Pa. On the basis of experience attained by measurement of contact angle, the soldered joints of Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃/metal were fabricated in conditions of high-temperature activation in vacuum at temperature 850 °C/10 min. For comparison, also the joints fabricated in the conditions of ultrasonic activation in the air at temperature 280 °C/1 min were applied. The shear strength of joints of Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃/metal fabricated with Sn3.5Ag4Ti(Ce,Ga) solder varied from 17 to 35 MPa. The shear strength of joints fabricated in vacuum is slightly higher than in the case of joints fabricated by use of power ultrasound.     

Wetting behaviour and interfacial microstructure of Sn–Ag–Zn solder alloys on nickel coated aluminium substrates

Abstract

Wetting behaviours of two lead free solders (Sn–2·625Ag–2·25Zn and Sn–1·75Ag–4·5Zn) on nickel coated aluminium substrates were investigated. Sn–2·625Ag–2·25Zn exhibited better wettability compared to Sn–1·75Ag–4·5Zn solder. Contact angles of the solders increased with increasing roughness of the substrate. The Young–Dupre equation was used to evaluate the work of adhesion of solder on the substrate. Sn–2·625Ag–2·25Zn solder exhibited higher work of adhesion than Sn–1·75Ag–4·5Zn. A thin continuous layer of Ni₃Sn was detected at the interface between Sn–2·625Ag–2·25Zn solder and nickel coated Al substrate. Sn–1·75Ag–4·5Zn solder exhibited scallop intermetallic compounds (IMCs) growing into the solder field as well as a thin continuous IMC in some cases. Ni₃Sn and Ni₃Sn₄ IMCs were observed at the interface of Sn–1·75Ag–4·5Zn solder and nickel coated Al.     

Boosting Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis with 3D Graphene Aerogel‐Supported Ni/MnO Particles

Electrocatalysts for oxygen‐reduction and oxygen‐evolution reactions (ORR and OER) are crucial for metal–air batteries, where more costly Pt‐ and Ir/Ru‐based materials are the benchmark catalysts for ORR and OER, respectively. Herein, for the first time Ni is combined with MnO species, and a 3D porous graphene aerogel‐supported Ni/MnO (Ni–MnO/rGO aerogel) bifunctional catalyst is prepared via a facile and scalable hydrogel route. The synthetic strategy depends on the formation of a graphene oxide (GO) crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel that allows for the efficient capture of highly active Ni/MnO particles after pyrolysis. Remarkably, the resulting Ni–MnO/rGO aerogels exhibit superior bifunctional catalytic performance for both ORR and OER in an alkaline electrolyte, which can compete with the previously reported bifunctional electrocatalysts. The MnO mainly contributes to the high activity for the ORR, while metallic Ni is responsible for the excellent OER activity. Moreover, such bifunctional catalyst can endow the homemade Zn–air battery with better power density, specific capacity, and cycling stability than mixed Pt/C + RuO₂ catalysts, demonstrating its potential feasibility in practical application of rechargeable metal–air batteries.     

千埃级微孔玻璃的制备

用 Na_2O-CaO-B_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系玻璃以制备微孔玻璃。微孔玻璃的孔径大小、分布和比表面与原始玻璃的组成、分相热处理温度和时间、热历史等因素有密切的关系,控制这些因素可以制成孔径为50～3000(?)、比表面为10～150m~2/g 的微孔玻璃。     

镀锡银钎料扩散过渡区的物相和形成机制

采用温度梯度法对镀锡银钎料进行热扩散处理,形成了扩散过渡区。为了揭示镀锡银钎料扩散过渡区的形成机制和主要物相的形成过程,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对扩散过渡区的显微组织、Sn元素的面扫描分布、物相组成及形貌进行分析。研究表明,Sn元素在镀锡银钎料中分布均匀、无偏析,在扩散过渡区主要以棒状Ag_3Sn相和块状Cu_3Sn相存在。随着热扩散温度升高,Ag_3Sn相和Cu_3Sn相的相对衍射强度逐渐增大。Ag_3Sn相的形成过程分为三个阶段:Ag_3Sn颗粒相弥散分布、Ag_3Sn颗粒相互相接触合并、生成大块棒状化合物相。Cu_3Sn相主要是锡晶须生长冲破镀层的氧化膜,在张应力和压应力协同作用下形成。镀锡银钎料扩散过渡区的形成机制为"钎接、互扩散、亚稳态、合金化"。     

Cu/V2O5-TiO2的结构、光吸收性能与催化反应性能研究

用溶胶 凝胶法制得复合半导体 V2O5 TiO2,用等体积浸渍法制得Cu/V2O5 TiO2 光催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、程序升温还原(TPR)、红外光谱(IR)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV VisDRS)和光反应器等技术研究了 Cu/V2O5 TiO2 的物相结构、光吸收性能和光催化反应性能。结果表明:含量为 10%(质量分数)的V2O5 单分子层分散在 TiO2 表面;V2O5 负载量超过单分子层分散(> 10% (质量分数))有晶相V2O5 生成,光吸收性能下降;负载金属 Cu 促进四面体配位V向八面体配位 V转化,使 TiO2 光吸收限发生蓝移,对可见光部分的吸收明显增加,拓宽了催化剂的光响应范围,提高了材料的光催化性能, CO2 和C3H6 合成MAA反应的光量子效率显著增加;催化剂的光吸收性能与反应性能呈顺变关系,Cu/10%V2O5 TiO2 的催化活性优于其它含量的催化剂,光量子效率达到15.5%。     

Al-Fe2O3体系等离子反应合成金属颗粒增韧复合陶瓷涂层的研究

利用Al-Fe2O3体系放热反应,采用等离子反应合成技术,制备出了金属颗粒增韧的FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe复合陶瓷涂层,并研究分析了复合涂层的组织及其性能.结果表明:等离子反应合成得到了以层状基体相FeAl2O4与硬质相Al2O3为骨架,球状Fe相弥散分布于基体相上的复合涂层;所制得的金属/陶瓷复合涂层的韧性得到明显提高,其韧性优于在同样基材上等离子喷涂的陶瓷涂层;特别是复合涂层具有较高的耐磨性能.