MPEG-PLLGA多孔支架制备影响因素研究

采用热致相分离法制备了MPEG-PLLGA(单甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚左旋丙交酯乙交酯)多孔支架。讨论了丙交酯/乙交酯(LA/GA)配比、聚合物质量浓度、预冻温度等因素对支架的孔径、孔隙率和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当聚合物质量浓度为0.03g/mL时,不同n(LA)/n(GA)比的MPEG-PLLGA支架的孔形貌相差较大,而当聚合物质量浓度为0.04g/mL和0.05g/mL时,3种n(LA)/n(GA)比的MPEG-PLLGA支架的孔形貌和孔径没有明显差异,且在相同聚合物质量浓度下,随着n(LA)/n(GA)比升高,所得支架的压缩强度增大;随聚合物溶液质量浓度的提高,3种n(LA)/n(GA)比支架的孔隙率、孔径均呈变小趋势,压缩强度逐渐增大;随预冻温度的降低,所得支架的孔径、孔隙率逐渐变小,压缩强度逐渐增大。     

聚乳酸及其共聚物多孔支架的制备及性能比较

采用热致相分离法制备了聚左旋丙交酯(PLLA)、聚左旋丙交酯乙交酯(PLLGA)、单甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚左旋丙交酯乙交酯(MPEG-PLLGA)多孔支架,比较了聚合物溶液浓度、溶剂体系对3种支架孔隙率、孔径、孔的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随聚合物溶液浓度的增大,3种支架的孔隙率、孔径均呈减小趋势,压缩强度增大;在质量浓度为0.05g/mL时,PLLA、PLLGA和MPEG-PLLGA的多孔结构均排列较规整,而质量浓度为0.03g/mL和0.04g/mL时,3种支架的孔结构差异较大。选用二氧六环/水混合溶剂体系时,MPEG-PLLGA支架的孔结构较为规整,而PLLA支架表面为微球状,PLLGA支架的孔壁较厚,孔形态不规整。     

分级多孔结构聚乳酸支架的制备与性能研究

以左旋聚乳酸为原料,1,4-二氧六环/水为溶剂,采用热致相分离法制备了具有分级多孔结构的组织工程支架。研究了溶剂配比、粗化时间对支架结构和性能的影响。溶剂比为87/13(1,4-二氧六环/水),PLLA浓度5%,粗化1h时,制备出大孔孔径达300μm,小孔嵌在大孔孔壁上且孔径在10μm以下的高连通分级多孔支架。粗化时间的延长使大孔孔径有所增大。细胞实验表明分级多孔支架有助于细胞长入支架内部,促进细胞的增殖。     

聚乳酸和聚己内酯共混物多孔支架超临界流体技术制备

以二氯甲烷作为聚合物溶剂,利用超临界CO_2诱导相分离-循环干燥过程制备了质量比为1∶1的聚乳酸和聚己内酯混合物组织工程用多孔支架,同时考察了过程操作压力和温度、溶液浓度、CO_2流量及循环干燥时间等操作参数对孔径大小和形态的影响。结果表明,溶液浓度、操作压力和温度及CO_2流量对孔结构的影响较大。溶液浓度增大、操作温度升高均会引起混合物支架孔径的减小。操作压力升高,混合物多孔支架孔径逐渐增大,孔径分布越来越不均匀。随CO_2流量升高,混合物支架的孔径不断减小。循环干燥时间虽然对混合物支架的孔结构影响不大,但对超临界CO_2诱导相分离-循环干燥过程的可实现性有重要的影响。实验范围内,当混合物溶液浓度为25%(质量分数),循环干燥用CO_2流量为31kg/h,操作压力和温度分别为12 MPa和45℃的操作条件下,制备的混合物多孔支架更有利于组织工程的应用。     

超临界CO_2诱导相分离制备聚己内酯三维多孔支架的实验研究

三维多孔支架在组织工程中有重要用途,采用超临界流体技术——超临界CO2诱导相分离工艺制备聚己内酯（PCL）三维多孔支架,研究其可行性及工艺条件对三维多孔支架孔结构及其尺寸的影响。采用自行设计的实验装置,改变初始浓度、CO2压力和温度等工艺参数制备出不同孔径的PCL三维多孔支架。通过扫描电镜观察支架形貌,利用Image-Pro-Plus软件分析支架的平均孔径与孔径分布。结果表明,利用超临界CO2诱导相分离工艺可以制备PCL三维多孔支架,支架的平均孔径在40～80μm之间,孔径分布较好;随着初始浓度的增大和温度的减小,支架的孔径减小;压力对孔径的影响不大。通过对超临界CO2/丙酮/PCL三元体系的相平衡热力学计算,对实验结果进行了定性解释。     

利用超临界二氧化碳制备聚己内酯/聚乙二醇多孔支架材料

采用超临界二氧化碳技术与聚合物共混相结合的方法,制备了组织工程多孔支架。通过熔融共混的方法制备具有共连续结构的聚己内酯/聚乙二醇(PCL/PEG)共混物,在超临界二氧化碳中对PCL/PEG共混物进行粗化处理,最后选择蒸馏水作为刻蚀溶剂选择性刻蚀得到多孔支架。系统研究了温度、压力、时间对支架孔径的影响。实验结果表明,随着处理温度、压力的提高以及时间的延长,多孔支架的孔径增大。由于超临界二氧化碳的引入,可以在更低温度下实现PCL/PEG共混物的退火处理,有利于降低材料的降解。并且由于选用了水溶性聚合物作为刻蚀相,在支架的制备过程中完全避免了有机溶剂的使用。     

相转化法制备聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯多孔膜EI北大核心CSCD

以二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)作为溶剂,采用相转化法制备聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)平板多孔膜,通过对非溶剂、铸膜液浓度、凝固温度、凝固浴组成的调节,调控成膜过程中的相分离行为,制备出结构可控的PHBV多孔膜。研究表明,45℃时PHBV/DMAc/H_2O体系分相比PHBV/DMAc/乙醇体系更快。当凝固浴为纯水时,非溶剂和溶剂交换速率快,发生瞬时分相,而PHBV固化速率较低,多孔膜形貌呈指状孔、海绵孔并存。随着凝固浴中溶剂DMAc的加入,非溶剂和溶剂的交换速率变缓,从而发生延时分相,多孔膜呈均匀的海绵状结构。     

聚己内酯多级孔径支架的相分离/盐析复合工艺研究

采用相分离和盐析复合工艺,通过改变冷却温度、溶液浓度、溶剂/水比例、造孔剂用量等工艺制备聚己内酯多孔支架,通过扫描电镜观察支架形貌,采用压汞仪测量支架孔隙率及孔径,研究各工艺条件对支架多级孔径结构的影响.研究表明冷却温度-70℃、PCL溶液浓度10%、溶剂/水比例95/5、80%质量含量的粒径100～200μm NaCl造孔剂为最佳实验条件,可制备出具有100～350μm大孔、5～30μm小孔及＜10nm微孔的聚己内酯复合多级孔径支架,孔隙率高,连通性好,可应用于骨组织工程支架.     

相转化法制备聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯多孔膜

以二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)作为溶剂,采用相转化法制备聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)平板多孔膜,通过对非溶剂、铸膜液浓度、凝固温度、凝固浴组成的调节,调控成膜过程中的相分离行为,制备出结构可控的PHBV多孔膜。研究表明,45℃时PHBV/DMAc/H_2O体系分相比PHBV/DMAc/乙醇体系更快。当凝固浴为纯水时,非溶剂和溶剂交换速率快,发生瞬时分相,而PHBV固化速率较低,多孔膜形貌呈指状孔、海绵孔并存。随着凝固浴中溶剂DMAc的加入,非溶剂和溶剂的交换速率变缓,从而发生延时分相,多孔膜呈均匀的海绵状结构。     

超临界流体技术制备聚乳酸组织工程三维多孔支架实验研究

理想三维支架的构建是组织工程化人工器官成功的前提条件。以聚乳酸为模型材料,二氯甲烷为溶剂,利用超临界流体诱导相分离过程制备具有外部三维立体结构和内部三维互通的组织工程支架,考察了过程制备的可行性,分析了操作参数如操作压力、温度和溶液浓度对孔的形态、结构和孔壁的影响。结果表明,利用超临界流体诱导相分离过程可成功制备孔径分布均匀、互通性好、孔隙率高的组织工程用三维多孔支架,且制备周期短,工艺简单。随操作压力、温度和溶液浓度的增加,支架孔径均逐渐减小。但过程中温度太低,压力或初始溶液浓度太高均会导致聚合物富相内聚乳酸的快速结晶析出从而形成由纳米级聚乳酸颗粒粘结在一起的支架孔壁。本实验范围内较优的操作参数为:高压釜压力10 MPa,温度45℃,溶液浓度20%(质量分数)。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.