固相再生AZ91D镁合金边角料的低温力学性能

采用固相再生方法回收AZ91D镁合金边角料,研究再生合金的低温力学性能、微观组织和断口形貌。在WDW-3100型微机控制电子万能试验机上进行低温拉伸实验,实验温度为27,-70,-100和-130℃;在JB30A型冲击试验机上进行冲击实验,温度分别为27,（-70±5）和（-130±5）℃。结果表明：再生合金在固相再生过程中发生了动态再结晶,块与块之间结合较好,原始的块与块之间的界面已经不能分辨。再生合金随着温度的降低,抗拉强度略有增加,伸长率呈下降趋势,即温度降低脆性倾向增加,在-130℃时拉伸,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为360.65MPa和5.46%;随着冲击温度的降低,再生合金的冲击功随之降低,在-130℃时冲击功为3.06J/cm2。     

固相再生AZ31B镁合金的组织与力学性能

在不同的挤压温度和挤压比下,将AZ31B镁合金机加屑冷压后热挤压固结而再生镁合金。与铸锭挤压合金对比,从动态再结晶组织与屑间结合情况两个主要方面分析了加工工艺对再生合金力学性能的影响。随着挤压温度升高,再生合金的极限抗拉强度和延伸率先增加而后降低。随挤压温度升高,晶粒长大与屑间结合增强的相反作用共同导致了再生合金力学性能的变化。当挤压比从4:1 增加到 44:1,晶粒细化且屑间结合增强,使再生合金的抗拉强度增加。而当挤压比高于25:1时,由于显著的形变强化作用导致延伸率下降。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by solid-state recycling process from chips

AZ31B magnesium alloy chips were recycled by three solid-state recycling processes including cold-pressing, hot-pressing followed by hot extrusion and double extrusion. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled specimens and reference specimens were compared. For the recycled specimen by cold-pressing, the grains are refined to a large extent during hot extrusion due to the presence of twins and high density dislocation. The recycled specimens by hot-pressing and double extrusion do not exhibit finer grain than that the recycled specimen by cold-pressing. Consequently, higher ultimate tensile strength of the recycled specimen by hot-pressing and double extrusion is not achieved. For hot pressing process, more compact billet lowers the porosity in recycled material, so elongation to failure of the recycled specimen increases. The recycled specimen fabricated by double extrusion process shows slightly higher elongation than the reference specimen. The second extrusion makes the oxides further crush and distribute more dispersedly, and minimizes porosity, which is responsible for the improved ductility.     

Microstructure and properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy prepared by hot extrusion from recycled machined chips

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挤压参数对SiC颗粒增强Mg-3.6Zn-0.6Y-0.2Ca基复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

对挤压前后SiC颗粒增强Mg-3.6Zn-0.6Y-0.2Ca基复合材料组织和力学性能的研究表明：随挤压速率或挤压温度的增加,再结晶晶粒的尺寸增加,体积分数则略有增加。随挤压速率的增加,动态析出相的尺寸增加,体积分数减小。当挤压温度设定为230℃时随挤压速率由0.01 mm/s增加到0.1 mm/s,或当挤压速率设定为0.1 mm/s时挤压温度由190 ℃增加到230 ℃,复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度降低,而伸长率则逐渐增加。在优化的挤压参数（190 ℃,0.1 mm/s）下挤压态复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为312.0 MPa,347.3 MPa和6.6％;其中晶粒细化对强度提升的贡献高于热错配强化与析出强化。     

Effect of hot extrusion process on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys

The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy was fabricated by hot extrusion process after solidified under electromagnetic stirring,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied.The results show that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reached 229.5 MPa and 4.6%,respectively with the extrusion ratio of 10,and 263.2 MPa and 5.4%,respectively with extrusion ratio of 20.This indicates that the mechanical properties of the alloy are obviously improved with the increase of extrusion ratio.After hot extruded,the primary Si,eutectic Si,Mg2Si,AlNi,Al7Cu4Ni and Al-Si-Mn-Fe-Cr-Mo phases are refined to different extent,and the efficiency of refinement is obvious more and more with the increase of extrusion ratio.After T6 heat treatment,the sharp corners of these phases become passivated and roundish,and the mechanical properties are improved.The ultimate tensile strength of the extruded alloy after T6 heat treatment reaches 335.3 MPa with extrusion ratio of 10 and 353.6 MPa with extrusion ratio of 20.     

Effect of hot extrusion on microstructures and mechanical properties of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium matrix composite

Particulate reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposite prepared with semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration was subjected to extrusion at 350 °C with an extrusion ratio of 12:1. Extrusion of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite induced large scale dynamic recrystallization resulting in a fine matrix microstructure. There were two kinds of zones in the extruded nanocomposite: SiC nanoparticle bands parallel to the extrusion direction and refined-grain zones between the SiC nanoparticle bands. In the SiC nanoparticle bands, there were SiC nanoparticles along the boundaries of refined grains. The distribution of SiC nanoparticles was uniform although some agglomerates of SiC nanoparticles still existed in the SiC nanoparticle bands. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite were simultaneously improved by extrusion. Results from the extruded SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite tensile testing at different temperatures (75, 125, 175 and 225 °C) revealed an increase of the tensile strength and ductility values compared with the unreinforced and extruded AZ91 alloy.     

Influence of extrusion temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-4Y-4Sm-0.5Zr alloy

The solution-treated Mg-4Y-4Sm-0.5Zr alloy was extruded at temperatures from 325℃ to 500℃.Dynamic recrystallization(DRX) completely occurs when the alloy is extruded at 350℃and above.The grains of the extruded alloy are obviously refined by the occurrence of DRX.The average grain size of the extruded alloy increases with increasing the extrusion temperature,leading to a slight decrease of the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and the yield strength(YS) .On the contrary,the UTS and YS of the extruded and aged alloy increase with increasing the extrusion temperature.Values of UTS of 400 MPa,YS larger than 300 MPa and elongation(EL) of 7%are achieved after extrusion at 400℃ and ageing at 200℃ for 16 h.Both grain refinement and precipitation are efficient strengthening mechanisms for the Mg-4Y-4Sm-0.5Zr alloy.     

挤压Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr合金的显微组织与力学性能(英文)

研究铸态和挤压态Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr合金的显微组织、时效强化和力学性能。铸锭在T4处理后分别于400、450和500°C进行挤压,挤压比为10:1。在细晶强化和析出强化的共同作用下,于400°C挤压的样品经T5处理后可以得到最优的力学性能,所得的晶粒尺寸约为5.0μm,其初始和峰值硬度分别为HV109和HV129。室温下的拉伸屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到391MPa、430MPa和5.2%。     

The effect of die shape on the hot extrudability and mechanical properties of 6061 Al/Al2O3 composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated by the compocasting process show a homogeneous distribution of the reinforcing fiber in the matrix. Microstructural observation of hot extruded MMCs reveals that as the extrusion ratio increases, the fiber alignment becomes improved, but fiber fracture occurs more severely.The mechanical properties of hot extruded MMCs are better than those of the matrix metal, with the exception of the elongation at failure, and are not influenced significantly by the extrusion temperature. The tensile strength and hardness of MMCs are improved to a greater degree by hot extrusion using a constant-strain-rate die. Also, there exists a critical extrusion ratio that gives maximum strength, which is 5.44 in this study. Additionally, fractograph of the tensile specimen of extruded MMC indicates the ductile fracture behavior of the matrix.     

Solid-state recycling of aluminium alloy swarf through cold profile extrusion and cold rolling

In this study, the possibility of solid-state recycling of aluminium alloy machining swarf using cold extrusion and a subsequent cold rolling process is investigated. Cast Al-Si alloy swarf was cold compacted into billets and successfully profile-extruded into square bars with a rectangular cross-sectional aspect ratio of 1:1.8 under an extrusion ratio of 4 or more. After annealing, the extruded bars underwent multi-pass cold rolling into 1-mm thick strips with a total rolling reduction of 85%. Optical microscopy demonstrated that in material recycled using only an extrusion process, coarse residual voids existed in regions where insufficient plastic strain was introduced, causing a visible expansion of the material during heat treatment. However, uniaxial tensile tests showed that extrusion-recycled material had a higher mechanical strength than the original aluminium alloy, implying sufficient bonding among the individual pieces of machining swarf. It was also found that the strength and density of material recycled through extrusion and an additional rolling process were superior to material recycled using extrusion only. Moreover, it was observed that the ductility of the recycled materials was inferior to that of the original aluminium alloy.     

Microstructure,Tensile Properties and Work Hardening Behavior of an Extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn Magnesium Alloy

A new Mg-2.2 wt% Zn alloy containing 1.8 wt% Ca and 0.5 wt% Mn has been developed and subjected to extrusion under different extrusion parameters.The finest(～0.48 μm) recrystallized grain structures,containing both nano-sized MgZn_2 precipitates and α-Mn nanoparticles,were obtained in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm s~(-1).In this alloy,the deformed coarse-grain region possessed a much stronger texture intensity(～32.49 mud) relative to the recrystallized fine-grain region(～13.99 mud).A positive work hardening rate in the third stage of work hardening curve was also evident in the alloy extruded at 270℃,which was related to the sharp basal texture and which provided insufficient active slip systems.The high work hardening rate in the fourth stage contributed to the high ductility extruded at 270℃/1 mm s~(-1).This alloy exhibited a weak texture,and the examination of fracture surface revealed highly dimpled surfaces.The optimum tensile strength was achieved in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm s~(-1),and the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure were～364.1 MPa,～394.5 MPa and～7.2%,respectively.Fine grain strengthening from the recrystallized fine-grain region played the greatest role in the strength increment of this alloy compared with Orowan strengthening and dislocation strengthening in the deformed coarse-grain regions.     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZM6 Alloy Prepared by Solid Recycling Process

ZM6 magnesium alloy was prepared by solid recycling process. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was investigated. Cold pressing was employed to prepare extrusion billets of ZM6 chips, then the billets were hot extruded at 773 K with an extrusion ratio of 25:1. During hot extrusion, the grains refined and the particles were broken. The peak-aging materials showed fine plate-shaped β′ precipitates. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure of as-extruded rods was 232.2 MPa and 23%, respectively. After T5 and T6 heat-treatment, obvious improvement of the tensile strength was obtained because of dispersive particles or fine precipitates. The morphology of the fracture surfaces was examined by employing scanning electron microscope.     

固相合成道次对ZM6-Ce镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用固相合成法合成ZM6镁合金废屑和Mg-Ce中间合金屑,研究挤压合成次数对合成镁合金棒组织和性能的影响,并讨论其断裂行为。结果表明:一次挤压后,Mg-Ce中间合金屑没有被破碎,合金的力学性能较差。经5次挤压后,Mg-Ce中间合金屑的均匀分布使合金的力学性能有较大的改善。随着挤压次数的增加,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率增大,增大的幅度随着挤压次数的增加而变小。5次挤压后,合金的抗拉强度为300 MPa,延伸率为14.8%,试样的断裂方式为穿晶韧窝断裂。     

Mg-Bi合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用挤压铸造和挤压变形工艺制备了Mg-Bi二元合金,通过金相显微镜分析,室温拉伸性能测试,X射线衍射分析,SEM和EDS等手段,研究了Mg-Bi合金在铸态和热挤压态的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:铸态Mg-Bi合金随着Bi含量的增加,伸长率逐渐降低,抗拉强度逐渐增加,当Bi含量达10wt.％以上,抗拉强度降低;Mg-Bi合金铸锭经450℃、3h保温,挤压比为12.76热挤压后,随Bi含量的增加,抗拉强度与伸长率均逐渐增加,当Bi含量达12wt.％时,抗拉强度为219.68 MPa,伸长率为13.43％,Bi含量继续增加,合金抗拉强度及伸长率呈下降趋势;挤压态Mg-Bi合金的力学性能是晶粒细化与Mg3Bi2综合作用的结果,当Bi含量大于12wt.％后,形成较多粗大的Mg3Bi2相是导致合金力学性能下降的主要原因.     

Processing,characterization, room temperature mechanical properties and fracture behavior of hot extruded multi-scale B4C reinforced 5083 aluminum alloy based composites

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of hot extruded Al5083/B₄C nanocomposites were studied. Al5083 and Al5083/B₄C powders were milled for 50 h under argon atmosphere in attrition mill with rotational speed of 400 r/min. For increasing the elongation, milled powders were mixed with 30% and 50% unmilled aluminum powder (mass fraction) with mean particle size of >100 μm and <100 μm and then consolidated by hot pressing and hot extrusion with 9:1 extrusion ratio. Hot extruded samples were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile and hardness tests. The results showed that mechanical milling process and presence of B₄C particles increase the yield strength of Al5083 alloy from 130 to 566 MPa but strongly decrease elongation (from 11.3% to 0.49%). Adding <100 μm unmilled particles enhanced the ductility and reduced tensile strength and hardness, but using the >100 μm unmilled particles reduced the tensile strength and ductility at the same time. By increasing the content of unmilled particles failure mechanism changed from brittle to ductile.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy recycled by solid-state process from different size chips

AZ31B magnesium alloy chips of different size were recycled by hot extruding. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the recycled specimens and reference specimen were investigated. Amounts of oxide in recycled materials were estimated. Almost all the recycled specimens exhibit higher strength than reference specimens, this is mainly attributed to grain refinement strengthening whereas particle-dispersion strengthening has few effect. The strength of recycled specimen increases with increasing of total surface area of chips because of different grain size. Recycled specimens show inferior ductility than reference specimens and recycled specimens with medium surface area of chips possess highest elongation. Grain size, oxide amount and density of billet have an effect on the elongation of recycled materials.     

挤压变形对镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了镁合金管材挤压成形工艺参数,如坯料温度、模具温度、润滑、挤压比、挤压速度等对镁合金管材挤压后组织与力学性能的影响,以及镁合金管材挤压成形后高温性能、室温性能和超塑性性能。结果表明:镁合金挤压管材的室温力学性能为屈服极限190 MPa,拉伸强度280 MPa,伸长率17%;镁合金挤压管材在400℃高温时的力学性能为屈服极限、拉伸强度值接近25MPa,伸长率180%;随着变形程度的增大,力学性能指标随之增大,并分析了镁合金管材挤压后组织状态的变化。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7005 aluminum alloy processed by one-pass equal channel reciprocating extrusion

An equal channel reciprocating extrusion (ECRE) was proposed first to obtain a severe plastic deformation (SPD) of 7005 alloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties of one-pass ECREed (ECRE processed) 7005 alloy were investigated. The results show that SPD occurring in ECRE leads to a mixed microstructure. ECREed 7005 alloy exhibits a significant improvement of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation. Mechanical properties in the region undergoing a complete ECRE process are higher than those in the region undergoing an incomplete ECRE process due to larger dislocation strengthening effect. Yield strength (YS) and UTS first decrease and then increase with an increase of extrusion temperature. The YS of 359.2 MPa, UTS of 490 MPa and elongation of 17.7% are obtained after T6 treatment. Fine-grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening in the T6-treated ECREed sample all play important roles in improving the mechanical properties.     

AZ31镁合金的热挤压变形和力学性能分析

为了掌握高精度镁合金管材的生产工艺,通过对铸锭的均匀化处理,借助500 t挤压机、拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和透射电镜(TEM)对AZ31镁合金管材的等温挤压过程进行了研究,试制了AZ31镁合金挤压薄壁管材,获得了尺寸精度高、粗糙度小和壁厚差小的管材;分析了不同挤压条件下的AZ31镁合金管材的尺寸精度、组织、力学性能.研究结果表明:在挤压温度为623士20K挤出管材经523K×3h退火时其性能较好,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为270 MPa,175 MPa和23.1%.