304不锈钢板冷冲及其冲裁质量研究

为提高冲裁件质量,降低废品率,研究不锈钢板冷冲过程及冲裁间隙对冲裁件质量的影响规律.本文采用板料冲孔试验:以2 mm厚的同一规格304不锈钢板为试验材料,以凸模直径为冲孔公称尺寸,通过更换不同直径的凹模改变冲裁间隙,完成在不同冲裁间隙下的冲裁试验.试验采集了冲裁力随冲裁行程的变化曲线,分析了冲孔件断面形貌,测量了断面光亮带的孔径和高度、毛刺高度以及断裂带的孔径,并拟合各参数与冲裁间隙之间的关系曲线,研究不锈钢板冷冲过程中冲裁力的变化及冲裁间隙对尺寸精度、断面质量的影响.试验结果表明:不同冲裁间隙下冲裁力-冲裁行程曲线变化趋势基本一致,与冲裁3个变形阶段互相对应,冲裁力达到最大值时光亮带结束;冲裁间隙对冲孔件质量影响显著,冲裁间隙较小时,断裂带形貌呈韧窝状,而较大时断裂带形貌呈台阶状.研究表明:在试验给定大冲裁间隙条件下,当冲裁间隙为15%t左右时,冲孔件尺寸精度最高且断面质量最好,即冲孔件质量最好.     

T2铜板冲裁间隙对冲裁力及断面质量的影响

为提高冲裁件的断面质量和冲裁效率,实现对冲裁间隙的合理优化,现提出了一种新的板料冲裁试验构想:采用广泛应用于变压器等领域板厚为6 mm且相同规格的T2紫铜作为试验材料,通过更换凸模来改变冲裁间隙,完成在不同冲裁间隙条件下对板料的冲裁试验,采集并分析冲裁力随冲裁行程的变化曲线;同时测量光亮带的宽度和最大冲裁力位置,并拟合冲裁力、光亮带宽度等与冲裁间隙之间的曲线.试验表明:冲裁力在塑性变形阶段增大幅度先快后慢,而在此阶段的初期冲裁间隙对冲裁力几乎无影响,但随着冲裁的深入,冲裁间隙越大,冲裁力则越小,当进入断裂带后冲裁力急速下降;对比在相同冲裁间隙条件下冲裁力随冲裁行程的变化曲线和断面质量,可获得冲裁件断面光亮带会随着冲裁力达到最大值时而结束.研究表明,当冲裁间隙为16.67%左右时,光亮带宽度较大且冲裁力较小.     

厚板冲裁工艺的模拟仿真及其参数优化

目的研究冲裁间隙、凸模刃口圆角和斜刃角度等因素对厚板冲裁断面质量及冲裁力的影响规律,优化冲裁工艺参数组合。方法通过数值模拟和正交试验设计相结合的方法,以冲裁过程中相对光亮带长度和最大冲裁力作为评价指标,对板厚t=10 mm的60Si2Mn厚板进行冲裁过程的模拟仿真,最后进行工艺试验。结果选取了合理的工艺参数组合:冲裁间隙为10%t,圆角半径为0.1 mm,斜刃角度为6°,利用此工艺参数组合模拟得到了较好的断面质量及较小的冲裁力,工艺试验也验证了此工艺参数的合理性。结论通过模拟得到的工艺参数是合理的,对实际生产有重要的指导作用。     

基于物理实验的平面压边精冲工艺研究

论述了平面压边精冲的机理和工艺方法,设计制造了实验模具,并对不同塑性和厚度的坯料进行了物理实验;分析了精冲过程中的冲裁力,研究了平面压边精冲工艺中材料塑性、模具的相对间隙、压边力和反顶力与剪切面光亮部位在剪切面中所占比值大小的相互关系。实验表明,平面压边精冲技术是一种有效提高工件冲裁剪切面质量而成本较低的工艺。通过对制件的流线分析和变形区硬度的检测,得出平面压边精冲工艺对工件的外周有很明显的加工硬化作用,而心部强度不变的结论。     

双重正间隙冲裁构想与试验研究

为提高普通冲裁件断面中剪切面高度,在总结现有各种冲压分离工艺方法的基础上,提出了一种新的厚板冲裁构想,其模具结构设计为:阶梯型冲头或阶梯形凹模,且为双重正间隙.制作了原理性试验模,用材料厚度为4 mm和6 mm的纯铝板和黄铜板,分别在两台压力机上进行了冲裁试验,并与普通冲裁作比较验证.获得了冲裁件断面之剪切面高度由普通冲裁为料厚的1/3以下,提高到1/2以上的效果.并评价了该工艺及模具在生产实际中的可行性与经济性.     

碳纤维复合材料的剪切断裂行为研究

利用自主设计的实验装置,在CMT5105美特斯微机控制电子万能实验机上完成碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)的一系列冲裁实验,从碳纤维织物层数、树脂膜层数、温度、冲裁间隙、冲裁速度、冲头角度6个方面对CFRP剪切断裂行为进行研究,通过对载荷-位移曲线与能量-位移曲线的分析,揭示不同的工艺参数对其剪切断裂行为的影响.结果表明,树脂膜层数以及不同温度下的树脂形态对剪切断裂行为的影响很大,冲裁速度对剪切断裂的影响不明显,较小的冲裁间隙和冲头角度有利于断面质量的提高.     

塑性微成形技术研究进展

随着微纳米科学和微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems,MEMS)技术的快速发展,人们对微型零件的需求日益增加。塑性微成形是一种采用塑性变形,成形零件尺寸至少有两个方向在亚毫米量级的微制造方法,具有加工效率高、工艺简单以及成形零件性能优异和精度高等特点,特别适合于微型零件的低成本批量制造。介绍了塑性微成形技术的研究背景、应用领域及其优点,综述了微成形在尺度效应、新设备以及工艺方法等方面的最新研究进展,并论述了微成形技术在新材料(超细晶材料及非晶材料)方面的发展趋势。     

垫片冲裁模的设计

分析了所要生产垫片的冲压工艺性,介绍了垫片的冲压工艺和冲裁压力的计算。根据零件本身的特点设计了一套先冲孔后落料的级进模。该模具在设计过程中,为使冲出的零件毛刺极小,断面平整光滑,采用了合理冲裁间隙,而设计部分有模具的总体设计（包括排样图设计,整体结构设计）,并附有凸、凹模主要结构参数计算和模具压力中心计算等。     

不同态碳纤维复合材料冲裁断裂行为

为了揭示不同态碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)在剪切冲裁过程中的变形及断裂行为,优化冲裁工艺方案,利用自主设计的冲裁模具,在CMT5105美特斯微机控制电子万能实验机上完成系列冲裁实验,研究了碳纤维织物层数、树脂膜层数、温度、冲裁速度、冲裁间隙、冲头角度对CFRP断裂行为的影响,并对载荷-位移曲线中出现的单、双峰现象进行了分析。结果表明:碳纤维织物与树脂膜交替舍甫放的CFRP断裂形式为分层断裂,当试件的厚度较小时,树脂膜易发生撕裂;温度的变化使树脂与碳纤维织物的结合状态改变,对断裂行为影响较大;冲裁速度太高或太低均使断面质量较差;冲裁间隙、冲头角度较小时,材料以剪切断裂为主,断面质量较好。     

钢桶冲压模具压力中心的确定

冲压生产是钢桶制造非常重要的一部分,现在,随着钢桶产品种类的不断增加,钢桶冲压件的种类和冲压工艺方法也各种各样。例如按冲压件种类分,有桶底盖冲裁拉伸、桶盖冲孔翻边、桶口件压合、桶口件冲压成型、环箍型封闭器零件的冲压等;按工艺方法和技术水平分,有波纹冲裁模、平刃冲裁模、双冲孔双压合模、单冲孔单压合模、步进模、单工序模、复合模等等。有的零件较为复杂,如全套杠杆式桶箍,冲压模就有九套;螺栓顶紧型封闭器(多用于出口蜂蜜桶等)全部模具有六套……由于钢桶冲压件的不同,再采用不同的工艺方法和工作效率,模具的设计就五花八门…     

Experimental evaluation of blanking and piercing of PVC based composite and hybrid laminates

Blanking is one of the high speed processes to produce flat products from sheets economically. In order to expand this process to new materials, the blanking of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/fiberglass thermoplastic composite laminates and composite/aluminum hybrid laminates was investigated. The laminates were produced by the film stacking procedure and then blanked by circular die and punches. The blanking process was done in two levels of clearance including 4% and 8% of the laminates thickness, two levels of punch speed including 40 mm/min and 200 mm/min and at two levels of temperature (room temperature and 80℃) for both composite and hybrid laminates. The effects of the parameters on the maximum blanking force, cutting energy, and quality and precision of sheared edges were studied. Cutting mechanism for blanking in different conditions was explained. It was concluded that at room temperature, blanked composite and hybrid laminates had a high quality of sheared edges but at elevated temperature, although the maximum blanking force was reduced, the quality of sheared edge was reduced significantly.     

Deep rolling of fine blanking punch edges

Fine blanking is an economical process to manufacture components with a high sheared edge quality. Fine blanking of high-strength steels leads to an increase of the wear of fine blanking punches and deteriorates the economical efficiency of this process. In preliminary work lateral surfaces of cylindrical punches made of different hardened steels industrially used for tool manufacturing were deep rolled. Under proper process parameters a reduction of surface roughness, a hardness increase as well as an induction of compressive residual stresses in the surface layer were achieved. Therefore, deep rolling has a potential to improve the wear resistance of fine blanking punches. In order to improve the quality of the sheared edge of a workpiece, fine blanking punches must have a round fillet on the cutting edge. Filleting through plastic deformation can improve the wear resistance of this most loaded region of the fine blanking punch. In order to perform the filleting of the cutting edge through plastic deformation and to induce strain hardening and compressive residual stresses into the edge region a novel profiled deep rolling tool is developed in this work. Furthermore, the technical feasibility of the edge deep rolling with regard to the processing of fine blanking punches is assessed for the first time. The approach is based on a numerical modeling and experimental investigation of edge deep rolling.     

The plastic flow and finite element simulation of plastic fine blanking

An idea of fine blanking is put forward where negative clearance affects plastic shearing and the plastic state of material in the shearing zone is examined under the condition of negative clearance. By analyzing of blanking force and stress, the paper brings forward a method of setting up the three-directions pressed stress. The method determines if the material of deformation field enters the plasticity regime. Some parameters that control when the material of blanked zone enters into the plastic state are given. The analysis indicates that the material stays in the plastic regime, when the specific energy of elastic deformation for common carbon steel Q235 reaches 8.34 MPa. The status of plastic flowing in the shearing zone is simulated.     

An investigation on the damage of AISI-1045 and AISI-1025 steels in fine-blanking with negative clearance

The technical process of fine-blanking with negative clearance is introduced in this paper. Under the guidance of the Cockcroft and Latham fracture criteria, possible damage and fracture in the blanking process are simulated with FEM code DEFORM-2D. The quality differences between the conventional blanking and negative clearance blanking are discovered by computer simulation of AISI-1045 steel, as well as the effects caused by the material plasticity on blanking quality. The punch and die radii influence the blanking damage, and the appropriate values of the punch and die radii are determined. In addition, the following conclusions are obtained: the quality of negative clearance blanking is better than that of conventional blanking; and the better material plasticity, the better blanking quality. Final results of the FEM simulation agree with experimental data, which will provide reference for the engineering practice.     

QP980板材边缘开裂的实验研究和数值模拟

目的 冲裁加工后的第3代先进高强钢QP980板材在成形中会因边缘开裂而显著影响汽车结构件安全性,针对这一问题,对QP980板材边缘开裂行为进行研究。方法 使用QP980板材通过钻孔和冲孔2种方法制备不同边缘状态的试样,并进行扩孔和中心孔拉伸试验。分析不同边缘状态试样的扩孔率和断裂应变演化规律。采用DF2015断裂模型对QP980板材的韧性断裂行为进行预测。结果 钻孔试样的扩孔率约为33%,冲孔试样的扩孔率约为24%。与钻孔试样的试验结果相比,DF2015断裂模型的模拟结果显示出了良好的预测性,但DF2015断裂模型无法准确预测冲孔试样的载荷–位移响应、扩孔率和断裂应变。结论 不同的预加工工艺导致QP980板材表现出不同的边缘开裂行为。中心孔拉伸试验结果与扩孔试验结果趋势一致,因此中心孔拉伸试验是研究边缘开裂的良好方法。钻孔预加工工艺可以保持板材的原始性能,而冲裁预加工工艺会导致板材边缘发生严重的预损伤。由于DF2015断裂模型未考虑预损伤,因此无法准确预测冲孔试样的边缘开裂行为。     

精冲压边与间隙的有限元模拟优化研究

运用DEFORM-2D软件对板料精冲过程中压边与间隙进行了数值模拟分析.将NormalC＆L断裂准则应用于预测精冲韧性断裂,分析了不同压边力、压边方式、反顶力以及冲裁间隙对材料涡流流动特性、冲裁断面圆角和撕裂带的影响;根据模拟结果提出了新的工艺建议.     

SUS304不锈钢封装板微冲压工艺研究

为实现不锈钢封装板件的高效率低成本批量化制造,开展了不锈钢薄板微冲压工艺研究.设计了集自动送料、辅助定位、落料、微冲孔以及微拉深于一体的高效、复杂、高精度封装板级进模具装置,分析成形条件对成形质量的影响规律,确定最佳工艺参数.同时,进行了不锈钢封装板抗冲击性能测试.结果表明:采用该复杂一体化级进式微冲压成形模具装置,制造出质量良好的不锈钢封装板件,成形效率可达1 120件/h;在超过47 800 g的超负荷条件下,封装板表面平整,未出现明显变形,能够满足机械性能要求.采用这种高效率微冲压成形技术,能够解决微型构件的尺寸精度,提高微型构件的力学性能,有效降低生产成本,实现了封装板件的高效率低成本批量化制造.