通航飞机起落架系统故障频率预测研究

文章研究起落架系统发生故障的频率,变事后维修为预防维修,尽可能保证飞行安全。因此提出一种采用模糊信息粒化和支持向量机相融合的时序回归预测技术来预测起落架系统故障发生频率。以某型通航飞机2012年1月至2016年12月的起落架故障数据为基础,根据该模型输入数据并进行故障频率预测。预测结果表明,采用该方法预测起落架故障频率合理有效,根据该预测结果可得到起落架故障频率的变化趋势和变化空间,并为机务维修提供技术支持。     

基于模糊故障树直升机起落架液压系统的故障诊断方法研究

起落架液压系统是飞机起落架系统中的重要组成部分,其可靠性的高低直接影响着飞机的安全.在对某型武装直升飞机起落架液压系统故障概率分析的基础上,将模糊数学和故障诊断方法相结合,建立了液压系统的模糊故障树.通过对其进行失效分析,推导出直升飞机起落架故障顶事件发生的模糊概率及其隶属函数分布,为起落架的维修和保养提供了理论依据.     

某型飞机主起落架斜撑作动筒耳座的超声检测

某型飞机主起落架斜撑作动筒耳座是起落架部分的关键部件，其中的注油孔周围常有裂纹发生，一旦该部件断裂，使主起落架无法收放，其后果不堪设想，下面对该部件的探伤方法及工艺进行研究。     

飞机主起落架疲劳试验中的声发射信号处理

详细介绍了某型飞机主起落架疲劳试验过程中,利用声发射技术实时监测主起落架梁的健康状况。在一次试验进程中,利用趋势分析、幅值分析、空间分析等方法发现主起落架梁某区域内有高幅值、高能量的异常信号存在。为进一步验证主起落梁的疲劳损伤是否存在,利用基于相关分析的趋势分析方法对声发射信号进行再处理,排除了疲劳裂纹的存在,利用Fisher线性判别法建立了正常信号与故障信号的判别模式,保障了试验的顺利进行,为以后的数据处理、疲劳损伤信号与故障信号的判别提供了参考。     

一次外场迫降事故的原因分析与防范措施

经过对飞机起落架液压导管故障件漏油缺陷分析,了解漏油缺陷产生的根源及其性质并指出用超声波检出缺陷的最佳无损检测方法.     

PID控制在主动控制起落架中的应用

建立了主动控制起落架的数学模型和控制方程，应用主导极点的时域设计法对主动控制起落架中PID控制器进行了设计，并分别对被动式和主动式起落架的输出位移、输出速度、输出力进行了仿真比较分析，仿真结果说明主动控制起落架能降低飞机的冲击载荷和振动响应，降低飞机对跑道的要求。     

磁记忆检测技术在飞机起落架检测中的应用

飞机起落架构件容易发生疲劳损伤。探讨了磁记忆检测技术在起落架构件疲劳试验中应力集中部位检测的应用。可以预计，该方法将在构件的疲劳分析、设备定寿及结构与工艺设计中发挥有效的先导作用。     

某飞机起落架及护板同时收上故障分析及改进

针对某飞机起落架及护板同时收上的故障现象，建立故障树进行故障的分析与定位，并提出改进措施。分析表明：该故障的主要原因为收放过程调试协调活门活塞压缩行程偏大，以及产品内部弹簧与止动器之间间隙偏大且无定位装置，产品长期工作后使弹簧产生偏斜无法顶压钢球与衬套保持同心，导致密封失效，最终使护板提前收起。针对此故障，提出了三项改进措施。     

起落架着陆过程建模与多目标参数优化设计

飞机起落架着陆性能的优化主要取决于系统多参数优化匹配。建立飞机起落架着陆过程的动力学模型，分析各模型参数对优化指标的灵敏度，获得起落架优化设计组合变量。利用综合加权法计算各目标函数权重，建立起落架参数多目标优化模型。采用自适应遗传算法对起落架着陆过程模型进行多目标寻优，获得综合目标最优的起落架参数组合，实现了起落架系统参数的优化设计。优化结果表明：着陆过程缓冲支柱最大轴向载荷减少了35.79%,机轮最大垂直载荷减少了24.08%,缓冲器的行程变化大小减少了17.99%和垂直阻尼振动的次数减少了15.38%。     

对172R型飞机前起落架减震支柱渗油故障诊断及解决方法的研究

介绍172R型飞机前起落架减震支柱结构特点及密封原理,分析减震支柱渗油故障原因,对密封结构进行了改进,说明了设计及安装的相关要求和方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。