Al2O3/ZrO2层状复合陶瓷的研究

用辊轧工艺,在最佳成分配比及烧结制度下,制备了Al₂O₃/20%Al₂O₃(nm)+20%ZrO₂+60%Al₂O₃(μm)/Al₂O₃层状复合陶瓷.通过断裂韧性的测定,发现层状复合的断裂韧性值比无层状复合的Al₂O₃或ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃有很大的提高,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对层状复合的微观结构进行了观察,讨论了层状复合的增韧机制和ZrO₂诱发微裂纹的机理,同时观察到层状复合断裂的典型特征为台阶状断裂。     

Research on Y2O3：Eu Phosphor Coated with In2O3

Y2O3：Eu red phosphor for FED application was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction. The In2O3 coating by precipitation method to the phosphor was applied and the analyses of XRD, Zeta potential, SEM, EDS and low voltage cathodoluminescence （CL） were conducted for investigating the coating effect. The results showed that In2O3 coating promoted the low voltage CL of the phosphor efficiently. The promotion was possibly due to the enhancement of the surface conductivity of the phosphor grains.     

添加La2O3对尼龙1010复合材料的硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用热挤压方法制备了含不同La2O3添加量的尼龙1010(PA1010)复合材料.测定了复合材料的密度和硬度.在MM-200型环-块实验机上考察了复合材料分别与黄铜和45#钢配摩的摩擦磨损性能.研究结果发现,填充15%(质量分数)La2O3的PA1010复合材料硬度最高;摩擦学性能显著改善.摩擦系数降低为原来未填充La2O3的PA1010的一半,磨损体积降低1个数量级左右.PA1010复合材料与45#钢配摩的摩擦系数和磨损量均低于和黄铜配摩,这是其与钢配摩比与黄铜配摩的转移膜更加均匀、致密的结果.     

Solubility of carbon in CaO-B2O3 and BaO-B2O3 slags

The solubility of carbon in molten CaO-B₂O₃ and BaO-B₂O₃ slags at high temperatures was measured to understand the dissolution mechanism of carbon into the slags. The B₂O₃-bearing slags, which have a wide range of liquids, at the temperature of interest have been applied to investigate the effect of basicity on the solubility of carbon from the saturation of acidic or basic components. The solubility of carbon, as a function of the composition of slags, shows a minimum value, and it is suggested that carbon dissolves by different mechanisms in the acidic and basic slags, respectively. From the infrared spectra measurements, the wave number indicating the B-C bond was found to be about 1150 cm⁻¹ in the acidic region of slags; hence, the incorporation of carbon into the borate network was confirmed qualitatively. The carbide capacity was compared to the nitride capacity, showing that the dissolutions of carbon and nitrogen into the slags are similar.     

CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3转光玻璃的合成及荧光性质

X射线衍射研究表明CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3体系的玻璃化温度在1025℃附近.荧光光谱和ESR谱研究表明,在CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3玻璃体系中存在着Eu2+和Eu3+两种价态离子. 316, 360, 379, 394, 413, 462和532nm锐线激发峰和592,616和650红区发射峰分别对应Eu3+的f-f激发跃迁和5D0-7FJ (J=1,2,3)跃迁发射;351nm和427nm宽带激发峰和蓝区发射分别对应Eu2+的5d-4f激发跃迁和发射.     

La2O3对ZrO2-Y2O3-Ta2O5陶瓷材料结构及性能的影响

采用固相合成法在氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆(YSZ)陶瓷材料的基础上引入氧化物Ta2O5以及稀土氧化物La2O3取代部分Y2O3,获得一种新型的La2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3-Ta2O5陶瓷材料。分别利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和STA-449C热膨胀仪对材料的物相组成、微观结构及热膨胀性能进行表征。结果表明,陶瓷材料的主晶相仍为四方相,晶粒尺寸减小,在RT～1200℃温度范围内热膨胀系数有所减小。     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO₂含量下Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈由Ca₂ Fe₂O₅和CaTiO₃反应生成,即CaO和Fe₂O₃反应生成Ca₂ Fe₂O₅;其后,与CaTiO₃反应生成Ca₃TiFe₂O₈.反应时间越长,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现CaO含量越高,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈越易于生成,而且等摩尔Fe₂O₃和CaO下只要存在TiO₂,就会有Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成.      

Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al₂O₃/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y₂O₃、La₂O₃稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al₂O₃/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.      

CaO含量对CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-Ce2O3渣系中Ce2O3行为的影响

在Fe-Cr-Al合金中添加微量的稀土元素可显著改善合金的使用性能, 文中以电渣重熔生产Fe-Cr-Al合金所用稀土渣为研究对象, 根据离子-分子共存理论(IMCT)建立了1 823 K时CaF₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-Ce₂O₃四元渣系热力学质量作用浓度模型.结果表明:当渣系中CaO和Al₂O₃的质量百分数之比维持在1:1, 即w_CaO /w_Al2O3=1时, 随着Ce₂O₃含量增加, 渣中铈铝酸盐Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃质量作用浓度(活度)显著增加, 但炉渣物相种类没有变化.渣系中Ce₂O₃含量分别在10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %时, w_CaO /w_Al2O3值对组元活度的影响各不相同但有共同特征, 表现在处于约1.0~1.8时, CaO活度增加最迅速, Ce₂O₃活度增加, Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃活度下降, 说明渣中CaO含量增加促进了Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃分解而导致Ce₂O₃活度增加, 选取渣系进行熔融和X射线衍射实验, 用jade 5.0软件分析物相, 实验结果与计算一致.      

Study on thermal expansion behavior of Dy2O3 - Al2O3 - SiO2 glass

Employing Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 as starting materials, several series of Dy2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 sealing glass were prepared. The relationship between their coefficients of thermal expansion and the contents of Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 were studied respectively. Experimental results showed that Dy2O3 and Al2O3 had a positive effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, whereas, SiO2 had a negative effect. The coefficient of thermal expansion of glass showed an apparent linear relation to the contents of these three raw materials, from which an estimation model was built, to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion of sealing glass. Relative errors of the calculating results to testing results were no more than 2%, which suggested that the estimation model was reasonable. This study provides a good theory reference for the practical utilizing of this sealing material, through which a proper glass composition for good sealing could be easily found.     

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

Preparation of La（OH）3 and La2O3 with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La2O3

Lanthanum hydroxide with rod-like morphology was synthesized with simple hydration processing via the hydration of its bulk oxide in normal water solution at boiling temperature. An XRD pattern shows the formation of the hexagonal phase of La（OH）3, indicating that the hydration process is very rapid. The as-prepared La（OH）3 is almost entirely with a needle- or rod-like shape with a width of 2 - 3 μm and a length of 5 - 8 μm. The mechanism of the formation of La（OH）3 with rod-like morphology was preliminarily presented. It is easier to expand the simple hydration process on a large scale than the hydrothermal process.     

Purification of Yb2O3 and Lu2O3 by Extraction Chromatography Using 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphos-phonate Resin

The optimum conditions for extraction chromatography using 2ethyl-hexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonate resin to separate thulium, yetterbium and luticium were studied. According to the proposed procedure, several grams of yetterbium oxide （purity = 99.95%） and luticium oxide （purity = 99.90%） were separated from the mixed heavy rare earth oxides on laboratory scale. Their relatively high recoveries （99% and 95% for Yb₂O₃ and Lu₂O₃ respectively） may be satisfactory.     

Synthesis of Al2O3/TiCN-0.2%Y2O3 Composite by Hot Pressing

Al2O3/TiCN composites were synthesized by hot pressing.The influences of components and HP temperature on mechanical properties,such as bending strength,breaking tenacity and Vickers hardness were investigated.The results showed that the mechanical properties of Al2O3/TiCN composite increased with temperature when hot pressing temperature is below 1650 ℃.The mechanical properties reached their maximums when the composites were sintered at 1650 ℃ for 30 min under hot pressing pressure of 35 MPa,the value of bending strength,breaking tenacity and Vickers hardness was 1015 MPa,6.89 MPa·m1/2,and 20.82 MPa,respectively.When hot pressing temperature was above 1650 ℃,density decreased because of decomposition with increased temperature,and mechanical properties dropped because of rapid growth of grains in size at high temperature.Microstructure analysis showed that the addition of Y2O3 led to the formation of YAG phase so as to inhibit the growth of crystals.This helped to improve breaking tenacity of the composites.TiCN particles with diameters of 1 μm dispersed at Al2O3 grain boundaries,inhibited grain growth and enhanced mechanical properties of the composites.SEM study of the propagation of indentation cracks showed that the bridge linking behavior between matrix and strengthening phase might lead to the formation of the coexisted field of crack deflection,branching and bridge linking.The mechanism of this phenomenon was that the addition of Y2O3 improved the dispersion of TiCN particles so as to enhance the tenacity of the composites.The breaking tenacity was changed from 5.94 to 6.89 MPa·m1/2.     

Fe2O3转变为Fe3O4粉末的微波碳热还原

以活性炭为还原剂及以氩气为保护气,采用微波碳热还原的方法,将弱磁性的Fe₂O₃还原成强磁性的Fe₃O₄,并研究焙烧温度、保温时间以及SiO₂粉末的加入对其还原焙烧成分及磁化效果的影响规律.结果表明:在配碳量一定的条件下,焙烧温度是微波碳热还原的关键因素,随着温度的升高,还原产物中Fe₃O₄的含量发生有规律的变化;650℃、保温5 min的条件下经微波还原后生成了纯Fe₃O₄粉末,其磁化率和还原度分别达到理论值2.33和11.11%;含SiO₂的Fe₂O₃粉末在750℃以上进行微波还原,会生成大量的硅酸亚铁和氧化亚铁,导致Fe₃O₄含量降低,恶化还原焙烧指标,所以微波磁化焙烧的最佳温度应在570~650℃.     

不同钛含量的钢与Al2O3和MgAl2O4界面润湿行为

高温下钢液中会生成大量的非金属夹杂物,对钢的浇铸工艺和钢产品性能产生不利影响。通过研究高钛钢与夹杂物的界面润湿行为,以期为高钛钢成分设计以及夹杂物的控制研究提供理论依据。以不同钛含量的钢样品以及Al₂O₃和MgAl₂O₄为研究对象,采用改进后的座滴法进行高温润湿试验得到表观接触角;通过电子探针对样品界面的微观形貌和元素进行表征,并结合热力学计算对钢与夹杂物的界面润湿行为进行解释。当钢中钛质量分数分别为0.01%、0.31%和0.68%时,Al₂O₃/钢润湿系统的表观接触角分别为96°、90°和112°,润湿后的样品界面均匀,无新反应相的存在和明显的元素富集。MgAl₂O₄/钢润湿系统的表观接触角分别为113°、106°和130°;低钛含量(w(Ti)=0.01%)时,界面无反应相生成,高钛含量时,界面存在不连续的反应层,为MgS、MgO、Ti₄S₂C₂     

Sm2O3掺杂PbTiO3陶瓷的制备与电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sm2O3掺杂的PbTiO3陶瓷,并对其制备条件和电性能进行了研究.结果表明Sm2O3掺杂能够缩短凝胶形成时间,降低PbTiO3陶瓷烧结温度,改善烧结性能;Sm2O3掺杂PbTiO3陶瓷的电阻率均低于纯PbTiO3陶瓷,当掺杂量为0.003(n(Sm2O3)∶n(PbTiO3))时,电阻率最低,为5.8×108Ω*m;通过XPS分析,得到了Sm2O3掺杂PbTiO3陶瓷中各元素的结合能位置,表明Sm3+、Ti4+等都存在着不同程度的变价,导致了PbTiO3陶瓷导电性的提高.     

Al2O3-V2O5体系的热力学优化

在对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系相图、热力学数据以及晶体结构数据进行综述与评估的基础上,采用相图计算方法对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系进行热力学优化.液相采用修正的似化学模型进行描述,利用对近似处理液相中存在的短程有序.将液相模型的最大短程有序设置在AlVO₄处,将VO₄3-当作液相中V₂O₅的基本组成单元.体系中AlVO₄相看作线性化合物.计算结果很好的重现了选定的实验数据,获得了一套合理、可靠、自洽的模型参数用来描述体系中各相的热力学性质,为Al₂O₃负载V₂O₅型催化剂催化性能的提高打下坚实的基础.      

Visible luminescence of lanthanide ions in Ca3Sc2Si3O12 and Ca3Y2Si3O12

The crystalline materials Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂ and Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ were characterized by different crystal structures, as the former is a cubic garnet, while the latter is an orthorhombic compound. We investigated the optical spectroscopy of these materials doped with several trivalent lanthanide ions and compared the results for the two hosts. Polycrystalline samples were prepared by solid state reaction, both undoped and doped with the trivalent lanthanide ions Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Sm³⁺. Emission, excitation and Raman spectra of these materials were measured at temperatures ranging from 300 to 10 K. The optical spectra were assigned and discussed, and the effects of the crystal structure of the host on the spectroscopic behaviour were addressed. The technological potential of these compounds in the field of optical materials and devices was discussed.     

Y2O3和La2O3对金属陶瓷内衬显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响

研究了钇、镧等添加物对金属陶瓷内衬显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响.结果表明加入Y2O3、La2O3和SiO2可使陶瓷层的孔隙度降低,一定程度上使耐蚀性增加.La2O3对提高陶瓷层性能的效果比Y2O3要好.