光纤陀螺技术的军事应用及前景

介绍了光纤陀螺的原理及种类,通过将光纤陀螺与其它陀螺进行比较,总结出了光纤陀螺的优点.最后,综述了光纤陀螺在武器装备上的应用,并对光纤陀螺的应用前景作了预测.     

Development of an Algorithm to Suppress Frequency Splitting of an Axisymmetric Resonator of a Wave Solid-State Gyroscope with Optical Detection

Measurement Techniques - This paper describes a mode of functioning of a wave solid-state gyroscope with a quartz resonator used as a sensing element. The components of the gyroscope errors are...     

Compensation of excess noise in a fiber-optic gyroscope with a 3×3 directional coupler

It is shown theoretically that the excess noise of the radiation source can be compensated in a fiber-optic gyroscope with a 3×3 ring directional coupler and a differential amplifier at the exit. This noise is one of the main factors limiting the precision of a fiber-optic gyroscope. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 36–38 (August 12, 1997)     

Multiplexed,white-light interferometric fiber-optic sensor matrix with a long-cavity,Fabry-Perot resonator

A long-cavity, single-mode, fiber-optic Fabry-Perot resonator has been used to develop white-light fiberoptic multiplexed Michelson interferometers (MMIs). The MMI matrix is constructed and demonstrated. We also analyzed the capacity of the long-cavity Fabry-Perot resonator multiplexing technique. The experimental results of a 2 x 2 fiber-optic interferometric sensor matrix are given, and the effects of polarization are discussed.     

New interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope with amplified optical feedback

A novel interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope with amplified optical feedback by an Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposed and theoretically investigated (the proposed gyroscope is named the feedback EDFA-FOG, FE-FOG in what follows). The FE-FOG functions like a resonant fiber-optic gyro (R-FOG) because of its multiple utilization of the Sagnac loop; however, it is completely different because a low-coherence light source is used. In addition, the gyro output signal is pulsed because the modulation frequency of the phase modulator placed in the Sagnac loop is selected to match the total round-trip time delay of the light, which includes the Sagnac-loop delay plus that of the feedback loop of the fiber amplifier. The sharpness of the output pulse can be adjusted by both the gain of an EDFA and the modulation depth of the phase modulator. When rotation occurs the peak position of the output pulse is shifted as a result of the Sagnac effect. The resolution of the rotation measurement depends on the sharpness of the output pulse. The techniques of both the open-loop and closed-loop methods are described in detail, which shows the great advantage of the proposed gyroscope over the to the conventional interferometric fiber-optical gyroscope (I-FOG).     

Signal distortion induced by Fresnel reflection in open-loop fiber-optic gyroscopes

The signal distortion that is due to Fresnel reflection in open-loop fiber-optic gyroscopes was theoretically analyzed to determine the relationship between the reflection ratio and the scale factor error of the gyroscopes. The analysis showed that the in-phase component of each Fourier harmonic of the gyroscope signal deviates from the true sinusoidal function, a quadrature-phase component appears, and the pi/2 rotation rates of harmonic components disagree. We evaluated the degree of scale factor degradation by defining the harmonic distortion ratio, which can be used as a measure for the reflectional quality of the gyroscopic optical system. The theory was verified by the response of an experimental gyroscope. The Fresnel reflection was eliminated by optical and electrical means, and the signal distortion of the experimental gyroscope was suppressed.     

调频光纤陀螺中的集成光学频移器

报道了一种在Ｙ一切铁扩散ＬｉＮｂＯ３平板光波导上制作的调频光纤陀螺用集成光学频移器。它由一对球面波导短程透镜和两个声表面波声光调制器组成。频移宽度为１０ＭＨｚ，调制器的中。Ｃ频率为１０７ＭＨｚ，驱动功率为２００ｍＷ。     

Sagnac环形电流互感器的原理与发展研究

高压变电站中用于电力系统电流测量的全光纤电流传感器由于具有传统电流互感器无法比拟的优点,具有广阔的应用前景.Sagnac环形电流互感器是在干涉式光纤陀螺结构上发展起来的一种互感器结构.由于基于Sagnac干涉仪技术的光纤陀螺的实用化,用此技术来实现Sagnac环形电流互感器的实用化成为电流互感器的热点.本文首先介绍了S...     

布里渊光纤陀螺光纤环形腔研究

提出了一种用于布里渊光纤陀螺的光纤环形腔设计方法。在分析了布里渊光纤陀螺原理的基础上,利用琼斯矩阵光学的理论以及光纤中的受激布里渊散射理论,详细研究了布里渊光纤环形腔的特性。通过对腔内外光强的细致分析,得出布里渊光纤陀螺环形腔对于腔的耦合系数及输入光强的要求。实验结果表明,该方法用于设置布里渊光纤陀螺工作点,能够保证斯托克斯光的最大传输效率,并有效抑制光路中的散粒噪声。     

Mathematical model of an angular velocity transducer utilizing a laser with a fiber-optic ring resonator

An angular velocity transducer based on a laser with a fiber-optic ring resonator is considered. A relationship is obtained linking the amplitude and phase characteristics of the radiation with the parameters of the resonator and the rotational velocity of the transducer. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 6–8, March, 1996.     

Ringing phenomenon of the fiber ring resonator

A resonator fiber-optic gyro (R-FOG) is a high-accuracy inertial rotation sensor based on the Sagnac effect. A fiber ring resonator is the core sensing element in the R-FOG. When the frequency of the fiber ring resonator input laser is swept linearly with time, ringing of the output resonance curve is observed. The output field of the fiber ring resonator is derived from the superposition of the light transmitted through the directional coupler directly and the multiple light components circulated in the fiber ring resonator when the frequency of the laser is swept. The amplitude and phase of the output field are analyzed, and it is found that the difference in time for different light components in the fiber ring resonator to reach a point of destructive interference causes the ringing phenomenon. Finally the ringing phenomenon is observed in experiments, and the experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis well.     

Miniature all-fiber Fabry-Perot sensor for simultaneous measurement of pressure and temperature

This article presents a miniature, high-sensitivity, all-silica Fabry-Perot fiber-optic sensor suitable for simultaneous measurements of pressure and temperature. The proposed sensor diameter does not exceed 125 μm and consists of two low-finesse Fabry-Perot resonators created at the tip of an optical fiber. The first resonator is embodied in the form of a short air cavity positioned at the tip of the fiber. This resonator utilizes a thin silica diaphragm to achieve the sensor's pressure response. The second resonator exploits the refractive index dependence of silica fiber in order to provide the proposed sensor's temperature measurement function. Both resonators have substantially different lengths that permit straightforward spectrally resolved signal processing and unambiguous determination of the applied pressure and temperature.     

Y波导残余强度调制对IFOG性能的影响

本文首先通过正弦波调制下干涉信号光强分析解调出光纤陀螺的输出信号,进而得出残余强度调制存在的情况下陀螺输出信号的变化情况,同时,通过分析陀螺信号的变化说明残余强度调制对光纤陀螺性能的影响与陀螺精度要求有关,精度越高,其影响越明显.其次,具体分析了数字闭环光纤陀螺受残余强度调制影响的情况下,其解调输出电压变化引起的数字阶梯高度变化,并通过残余强度调制系数与数字阶梯高度的关系式,说明了残余强度调制对光纤陀螺零偏和标度因数的影响.最后,对所得出的残余强度调制系数与光纤陀螺标度因数稳定性的关系进行了Matlab仿真,通过仿真结果,更进一步说明残余强度调制对数字闭环光纤陀螺标度因数稳定性的影响.     

Compensation of parasitic polarization modulation in a fiber-optic gyroscope

It has been shown that the influence of parasitic polarization modulation on the precision of a fiber-optic gyroscope may be reduced substantially by incorporating reflection-type phase modulators with conversion of polarization modes. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 90–94 (August 12, 1997)     

Amplified reference pulse storage for low-coherence pulsed Doppler lidar

We present a lidar concept for wind-speed measurements, in which a pulsed laser is used as the source for measurement and reference beams. A fraction of the transmitted pulse is stored in a fiber-optic ring resonator with a path length longer than the pulse. The output of the resonator is a pulse train that is used as the reference beam and can be mixed with the Doppler-shifted measurement signal. Because this reference has traveled a distance equivalent to the measurement beam's path length, low-coherence sources can be used. Inserting an erbium-doped fiber amplifier into the resonator ensures that the stored pulses do not decay in amplitude. Experiments prove that 16 reference pulses of sufficiently constant amplitude and stability can be generated. This would correspond to a measurement range of 240 m in free air over which the returned signal is sampled at equal intervals. Velocity measurements of a hard target have been carried out in the range of 1-10 m/s. The Doppler-measured velocities agree with tachometer reference measurements within +/-0.09 m/s.     

Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscopes Controlled by a High-Order Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulator

This work reports on the design of novel closed-loop control systems for the sense mode of a vibratory-rate gyroscope based on a high-order sigma-delta modulator (SigmaDeltaM). A low-pass and two distinctive bandpass topologies are derived, and their advantages discussed. So far, most closed-loop force-feedback control systems for these sensors were based on low-pass SigmaDeltaM's. Usually, the sensing element of a vibratory gyroscope is designed with a high quality factor Q to increase the sensitivity and, hence, can be treated as a mechanical resonator. Furthermore, the output characteristic of vibratory rate gyroscopes is narrowband amplitude-modulated signal. Therefore, a bandpass SigmaDeltaM is a more appropriate control strategy for a vibratory gyroscope than a low-pass SigmaDeltaM. Using a high-order bandpass SigmaDeltaM, the control system can adopt a much lower sampling frequency compared with a low-pass SigmaDeltaM while achieving a similar noise floor for a given oversampling ratio (OSR). In addition, a control system based on a high-order bandpass SigmaDeltaM is superior as it not only greatly shapes the quantization noise, but also alleviates tonal behavior, as is often seen in low-order SigmaDeltaM control systems, and has good immunities to fabrication tolerances and parameter mismatch. These properties are investigated in this study at system level     

Fiber-optic gyroscope with suppression of excess noise from the radiation source

A new optical system is proposed and investigated experimentally for a Sagnac fiber interferometer in which the excess noise of the wide-band radiation source is suppressed. A tenfold improvement in the sensitivity of a fiber-optic gyroscope with an erbium/ytterbium fiber superfluorescent light source was achieved experimentally. It is shown that the identity of the polarization characteristics of the interferometer channels plays an important role. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 30–35 (September 26, 1998)     

半球谐振子超精密修调方法研究

目的 研究因谐振子质量缺陷而引起的频率裂解机制,进而对刚性轴位置进行质量高分辨率可控去除,提高陀螺精度。方法 首先基于多区域配合划分法建立半球谐振子高精度有限元仿真模型,分析质量大小与位置对谐振子频差的影响规律。其次搭建谐振子振动特性检测平台,利用拍频法实现其频差值和刚性轴位置的精确辨识。最后结合仿真与辨识结果以及离子束加工方法确定谐振子超精密修调方案。结果 优化网格划分方法后,谐振子有限元模型频差值小于0.000 1 Hz,当修调定位误差相同时,在一个范围内的质量去除比单点质量去除的修调效率更高;谐振子质量缺陷四次谐波刚性轴位置辨识精度可达0.1°,与常见的幅值法相比,其精度提高了一个数量级;通过三次点线结合方式进行质量修调后,谐振子频差值小于0.001 Hz,修调效率与精度得到了提升。结论 提出的谐振子仿真模型、振动特性测试方法以及离子束修调工艺精度较高且可行性较强,对实现半球谐振子性能高精度检测以及高质量加工具有重要意义。     

Open-loop operation experiments in a resonator fiber-optic gyro using the phase modulation spectroscopy technique

A detection system in the resonator fiber-optic gyro is set up by the phase modulation (PM) spectroscopy technique. The slope of the demodulated curve near the resonant point is found to affect the ultimate sensitivity of the gyro. To maximize the demodulated signal slope, the modulation frequency and index are optimized by the expansion of the Bessel function and optical field overlapping method. Using different PM frequencies for the light waves, the open-loop gyro output signal is observed. The modulation frequency in this PM technique is limited only by the cutoff frequency of the LiNbO3 phase modulators, which can reach several gigahertz. This detection technique and system can be applied to the resonator micro-optic gyro with a less than 10 cm long integrated optical ring.     

基于FPGA的硅微机械谐振式陀螺仪数据采集系统设计

介绍了一种硅微机械谐振式陀螺仪的结构,给出了调制系数或最大频偏与输入角速度成正比的关系.通过对陀螺仪敏感质量块静电驱动力和双端音叉谐振器输出信号的分析,得出了双端音叉谐振器输出信号的相位差与调制系数之间的关系.提出了一种调频信号最大频偏的检测方法,通过此相位差的计算得出调制系数或最大频差,进而计算出输入角速度的值.设计了一种基于FPGA的数字化解调方案,给出了基于FPGA的数字化最大频差测量电路的测试结果.结果表明测量电路对最大频偏有很好的测量效果.