指尖密封静动态特性试验研究

模拟航空发动机真实工况,对指尖密封静动态性能进行了试验研究并与标准型刷式密封进行比较,研究压比、转速、温度对指尖密封泄漏特性的影响规律。试验结果表明:指尖密封具有优异的密封性能;随着压比的增大,指尖密封泄漏参数先增大后趋于定值;在试验转速范围内,随着转速的增加,泄漏参数降低;随着温度的升高,泄漏参数减小;指尖密封相比于标准型刷式密封,静态泄漏参数降低8%~41%,动态泄漏参数降低约18%。     

周向收敛与人字槽组合型指尖密封结构与性能分析

针对流体动压型指尖密封结构和工作特点,建立了具有周向收敛靴和轴上人字槽组合结构特征的指尖密封(简称组合型指尖密封)结构形式,采用流固耦合数值分析方法,分析了不同结构和工况条件下组合型指尖密封的泄漏率、气膜承载力及气膜流场特征,详细讨论了密封各结构参数变化对组合型指尖密封性能的影响。结果表明:在通常工况范围内,压力流对组合型指尖密封性能的影响占主导地位;楔形气膜膜厚比、楔形气膜径向最小厚度对组合型密封泄漏率影响最大;人字槽偏离高压片的距离、槽纵向间距和槽宽对组合型指尖密封的性能影响较为明显。与现有人字槽型指尖密封和周向收敛型指尖密封的性能相比,组合型指尖密封气膜承载力明显高于人字槽型指尖密封;其泄漏率与周向收敛型指尖密封相当而气膜承载力较大,具有较好的综合性能优势。     

GY70型机械密封基本性能试验及其分析

对GY70型机械密封的基本性能进行了试验研究,得出了弹簧比膻、介质压力以及转速对机械密封泄漏量和摩擦功耗的影响规律。试验研究发现,运行中的机械密封仔在一个最佳的密封工况点,通过对弹簧比压的调节与控制,可以实现这一工况．     

柱面螺旋槽干气密封流动场数值计算与试验验证

针对柱面螺旋槽干气密封中的单列螺旋槽结构特点,建立螺旋槽浮环气膜密封的数学分析模型。基于中心差分法和Newton-Raphson迭代法,进行压力控制雷诺方程和气膜厚度方程的求解,得到压力和气膜厚度分布及不同操作参数下柱面单列螺旋槽气膜的泄漏量,并分析工况参数对柱面螺旋槽稳态性能的影响。结果表明:泄漏量是随着偏心率和压力的增加而升高;当偏心率一定时,转速的增加,导致泄漏量下降;当转速一定时,压力的上升导致泄漏量的急剧上升,近乎线性分布。试验结果与理论分析结果相吻合,验证了理论模型和计算方法的正确性。     

碳/碳复合材料旋转指尖密封性能分析

指尖密封是近年来研究较为广泛的一种密封形式,涉及的指尖密封多与静止部件连接而呈静止状（静止指尖密封）,理论与试验研究围绕着密封泄漏和磨损性能改善而开展。提出旋转指尖密封的概念和结构,并利用碳/碳复合材料的良好自润滑性能,探索这一指尖密封新结构对泄漏性能改善的可能及机理。通过"外伸式"和"内伸式"旋转指尖密封有限元性能分析模型,分析了结构、工况以及材料参数等对两种旋转指尖密封性能的影响规律,与静止指尖密封密封性能的对比表明,外伸式旋转指尖密封具有在较高转速或跳动量下仍能维持平稳低泄漏率的特质,而内伸式旋转指尖密封的泄漏率却随着转速增大而增大,因而前者对于高速工况下的航空发动机转子密封更具应用潜质。并探索了旋转指尖密封在轴间密封工程应用的可行性,有助于航空发动机轴间密封新构型设计思路开拓、以及密封结构和性能设计的技术选择。     

低滞后刷式密封泄漏特性试验研究

模拟航空发动机静态和动态工况,对低滞后刷式密封的泄漏特性进行试验研究,研究转速、进出口压差和温度等参数对低滞后刷式密封泄漏特性的影响规律;通过普通和低滞后刷式密封的试验对比,研究普通刷式密封的滞后现象,并进行低滞后刷式密封的持久试验。试验结果表明:低滞后刷式密封具有优异的密封性能,在动态试验中,刷丝具有良好的跟随性,缓解了刷丝滞后效应;低滞后刷式密封具有持久保持优异密封性能的潜力。     

航空发动机高温高速密封试验台研制

由于缺少试验装置,目前国内不能对航空发动机密封装置进行全工况条件下的试验研究。研制一种能模拟航空发动机密封装置的全工况条件的密封试验台,对某刷式密封试验件进行静态和动态试验。该高温高速密封试验台能模拟航空发动机密封装置的工作温度、压力、安装方式及工作转速等工况,可对密封装置的静动态试验的泄漏量进行测量,为密封装置的设计和改进提供可靠的试验依据。     

气体润滑环瓣式浮动环密封高速特性

基于气体润滑理论,考虑浮动环瓣力平衡与力矩平衡,对气体润滑环瓣式浮动环密封高速特性开展数值分析研究。计算得到密封面压力分布规律,并分析转速、密封压力等操作参数对平衡膜厚、平衡转角、泄漏量、气膜刚度、刚漏比等密封参数的影响规律。结果表明:密封面楔形收敛间隙可以产生显著动压效应,最小膜厚与环瓣偏角随主轴转速增加而增大,但是随密封压力增加而减小;泄漏率随转速与密封压力增加而增大,气膜静态刚度、角向刚度、刚漏比随转速增加而降低,随密封压力增加而增大。     

考虑粗糙渗流效应的指尖密封总泄漏性能分析

指尖密封作为近年来一种新型密封技术,其泄漏性能一直是密封领域的研究热点。将流体通过指尖片表面粗糙接触界面微观空隙的泄漏视为指尖密封的侧隙泄漏,基于压力流量因子和哈根-泊肃叶定律构建了指尖密封侧隙多孔介质结构渗透率的计算方法,进而建立了基于多孔介质结构的指尖密封侧隙泄漏性能分析数值模型;然后计入指尖密封侧隙泄漏的影响,构建了考虑指尖密封侧隙泄漏和主流道泄漏的指尖密封总泄漏分析方法;最后在此基础上分析了指尖片表面形貌参数、指尖密封工况参数对指尖密封侧隙泄漏、主流道泄漏和总泄漏的影响,研究了指尖密封侧隙泄漏和主泄漏的权重比例。结果表明:指尖密封侧隙泄漏随着指尖片表面均方根粗糙度、指尖密封上下游压差的增加而增加;当指尖片表面纹理从横向纹理向纵向纹理变化时,指尖密封侧隙泄漏亦逐渐增加;当指尖片表面均方根粗糙度较大时,指尖密封侧隙泄漏在指尖密封总泄漏中占主要地位,当转子径向位移激励较大时,指尖密封主流道泄漏占主要地位。该研究有助于完善指尖密封泄漏分析理论体系,具有较高的学术价值和工程意义。     

海洋平台油气混输泵轴端密封改进设计与试验研究

针对某海洋平台油气混输泵轴端机械密封在运行过程中存在的失效问题，分析其产生的原因，并对其结构进行改进设计。对改进后机械密封进行实验室台架性能试验，分析不同弹簧比压条件下密封性能随压力的变化和密封端面磨损状况，以及不同端面设计宽度下密封性能随压力和转速的变化。结果表明：减小弹簧比压能略微降低密封端面摩擦功率，但会增大泄漏风险；减小端面宽度能有效提升润滑不良条件下的端面密封性能。确定密封优选设计参数，并对密封样机进行100 h型式试验。试验结果表明，改进后密封端面摩擦功率基本稳定，波动较小，泄漏量满足标准指标要求，验证了该密封结构改进的合理性、优选设计参数的有效性和运行工况的适应性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.