532nm激光照射后的兔视网膜损伤修复

目的:观察532nm激光照射后的兔视网膜损伤和修复。方法:采用(光斑直径约为2mm、照射时间100s、能量密度200J/cm2、532nm)激光照射家兔视网膜后极部,连续观察1d、3d、7d、14d和28d后眼底及组织学改变。结果:照后1d可见明显水肿及出血。3d后凝固斑边界清晰,出血范围扩大,可见脉络膜成纤维细胞开始增生。14d后渗出和出血大部分吸收。28d后大量纤维组织增生及新生血管形成。结论:该照射剂量可以引起家兔视网膜较为严重的损伤,其修复存在一定的规律性。     

488毫微米氩离子激光对动物视网膜损伤阈值的实验研究

本文报道了波长488nm的氩光对兔及猴眼视网膜损伤的实验研究结果;求得氩激光通过前置镜及平行光后的ED_(50)值;并测定出在这两种照射光束条件下的角膜及视网膜上的光斑直径.     

染料调Q红宝石激光视网膜损伤阈值研究

本实验用染料调Q红宝石激光照射青紫蓝灰兔60只眼,求得视网膜凝固出血损伤阈值和单纯出血阈值分别为361μJ/cm2和481μJ/cm2,95%置信限分别为330μJ/cm2～394μJ/cm2和451μJ/cm2～514μJ/cm2。     

染料液晶同激光的非线性光学效应研究

本文研究了激光同染料液晶的非线性光学效应。理论分析了激光在染料液晶中的传输过程,分别计算了当入射激光功率为10mW/cm2和50mW/cm2时的输出激光光强分布。实验测量了532nm连续激光通过染料液晶传输后的光限幅曲线,观察了输出激光光斑形状随入射激光光强的变化,实验结果与计算结果基本相吻合。     

Nd~(3 ):YAG倍频激光对眼损伤阈值的研究

实验用Nd~(3 ):YAG倍频激光照射青紫蓝灰兔眼及恒河猴眼.求得视网膜损伤阈值ED_(50),兔眼和猴眼的角膜入射能量密度分别为39.2μJ/cm~2及187μJ/cm~2.两ED_(50)之比为1:4.7.     

308nm紫外激光对兔眼角膜损伤的延迟反应和损伤阈值研究

308 nm 紫外激光照射青紫蓝灰兔眼所引起的角膜损伤,观察到损伤呈两种反应:瞬时反应和延迟反应,并测量了延迟反应的剂盐水平。统计了受照24小时内角膜发生的损伤点,经概率统计分析,获得角膜瞬时损伤阈值 ED_(50)=0.485J/cm~2(95%置信限为0.349～0.608J/cm~2)。     

连续Nd~(3 ):YAG激光对视网膜损伤阈值的研究

连续Nd~(3 ):YAG激光照射青紫蓝灰兔眼100只,1000个照射点,求得照射时间平均1.02s及0.12s,检眼镜可见视网膜损伤阈值,其ED_(50)分别为角膜平均入射2.52W/cm~2及5.42W/cm~2.     

激光波长对Ce:KNSBN晶体非线性特性的影响

采用非同时读出条件下晶体两波耦合实验装置,在相同的入射光参量下,研究了激光波长(λ)对Ce:KNSBN晶体两波耦合增益系数(r)、衍射效率(n)、响应时间及光扇效应入射光强度阈值的影响.结果显示,激光波长不同时,r、n,响应时间随光入射角2θ的演化趋势相同,但不同波长光入射时,对应相同的2θ,r、n及响应时间不同;激光波长不同时,Ce:KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的入射光强度阈值不同,λ为532nm时,阈值为38mW/cm2,λ为632.8nm时,阈值为26mW/cm2.     

低强度激光对软骨胶原合成和细胞增殖影响

研究了810 nm低强度Ga-Al-As半导体激光对兔软骨细胞增殖和胶原合成的影响.取新西兰白兔的关节软骨细胞,用浓度为2%的新生牛血清(NCS)培养媒介培养.激光功率密度分别为1.75、3.50、5.25、7.00和8.75 mW/cm2,以连续方式每天照射软骨细胞5 min,共5 d.分别用四甲基氮唑盐(MTT)法和氯胺T消化法检测细胞的增殖和胶原蛋白合成.结果发现:第8天实验结束时,各激光照射组细胞数量随激光强度线性增加,与无激光照射组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),其中最佳照射功率密度为7.00 mW/cm2;第8天实验结束时,激光照射组胶原含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),8.75 mW/cm2组与3.50～7.00 mW/cm2组有显著差异(P＜0.05).激光照射7.00 mW/cm2组与对照组第2、4、6和8天胶原含量的测定表明,照射组胶原含量先增加后降低,其中第6天照射组胶原含量最高,与相应对照组有极显著差异(P＜0.01),对照组胶原含量在第6天后急剧增加,第8天与照射组有极显著差异(P＜0.01).研究结果表明,低强度Ga-Al-As半导体激光能促进兔关节软骨细胞的生长,有望成为临床治疗软骨损伤的一种有效方法.     

PDT照射方式下激光视网膜热损伤阈值的研究

建立了光动力疗法(PDT)照射方式下578nm激光视网膜热损伤能量密度阈值计算的数值模型。模型由模拟激光能量在组织内分布规律的基于网格的Monte Carlo模拟方法、计算组织内温度分布的考虑组织热物性参数以及血液灌注率动态变化的Penens生物传热方程和计算组织热损伤程度的Arrhenius方程3部分组成。数值结果表明,视网膜热损伤能量密度阈值随黑色素含量、观测时间和光斑大小不同而不同:黑色素含量越高,热损伤能量密度阈值越小;观测时间越长,热损伤能量密度阈值越大;光斑直径越大,热损伤能量密度阈值越小。活体动物实验验证了数值结果的精确性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks