基于多智能体的信号交叉口微观仿真

交通系统是一个典型的多智能体系统（Multi-Agent System,MAS）。应用多智能体技术建立了信号交叉口微观仿真模型,给出了机动车Agent的三层结构,详细分析了机动车在信号交叉口中的基于期望间隙和期望速度的运动决策逻辑,探讨了机动车加速度模型。针对国内交通仿真软件缺少行人与非机动车模拟的不足,以元胞自动机模型为基础引入了行人及非机动车实体,使得仿真系统更具实用性。给出了该仿真系统的实现结果和结论。     

一类新SEIRS模型在BA网络上的传播行为研究

提出了一类新的SEIRS模型:潜伏状态节点以一定概率进入染病状态的同时,以一定概率进入免疫状态。首先利用平均场理论对疾病的传播行为进行了理论分析,得到了疾病传播的临界阈值,证明了疾病的爆发与消亡完全由临界阈值确定。然后通过计算机仿真,验证了理论结果的正确性。实验结果表明增大节点从潜伏状态向免疫状态的转化概率可有效控制疾病的传播。     

基于深度相机的移动机器人自主跟随技术

为解决移动机器人在复杂环境下进行自主跟随的问题,提出一种基于深度相机的自主跟随方法。搭建一个载有深度相机的全向移动平台;通过提取图像中的方向梯度直方图来检测行人,利用社会力模型预测行人的运动状态,结合分段颜色直方图信息提出一种行人模型来识别行人;利用人工势场法进行路径规划,完成自主跟随任务。实验结果表明,应用该方法移动机器人,在有行人干扰或距离行人较近的复杂环境下能够顺利的完成跟随任务。     

右转车流及对向行人影响下的行人过街延误模型

通过分析车头时距随交通流量而变化的统计特性,提出了基于车头时距分布的自适应的行人过街冲突延误计算模型。根据低交通流量情况下车头时距服从负指数分布时的行人过街冲突延误,分别推导出中等交通流量及高交通流量情况下的行人过街冲突延误计算模型;结合无干扰条件下的相位延误和对向行人流阻滞延误得到干扰条件下的行人过街总延误计算模型;通过Vissim仿真实验对模型进行了准确性验证,其偏差小于3%。此外,将提出的行人过街延误模型与以机动车到达间距服从负指数分布为假设前提的行人过街延误模型进行误差比较,结果表明所提出的延误模型误差更小。     

考虑行人效益的拥挤交叉口多目标配时优化

机动车流量、行人流量均较大的信号控制交叉口,行人路权往往过低,过街闯红灯现象普遍,且难以控制与避免,严重降低了交叉口运行效率。为了有效解决这一问题,采用机动车效益、行人效益、交叉口通行能力为评价指标,以交叉口饱和度为约束条件,在机动车效益指标中考虑了行人闯红灯对机动车造成的延误影响,建立了交叉口多目标信号配时优化模型;设计了求解模型的遗传算法。算例结果表明,所提出的模型能较好改善交叉口综合效益。     

基于勾股模糊集评价的三支决策方法

针对勾股模糊三支决策概率阈值难以确定的问题,文中提出基于优化表示的勾股模糊三支决策概率阈值确定方法.首先从优化的视角研究一对对偶模型,利用KKT条件证明该对偶模型与决策粗糙集模型的等价性.然后,在确定勾股模糊集评价的三支决策概率阈值时引入对偶模型,基于勾股模糊数非线性排序法建立一对非线性规划模型,证明模型最优解的存在性与唯一性.最后,采用优化技术搜索模型最优解,并提出基于勾股模糊集评价的三支决策方法.算例及对比分析表明文中方法能有效克服现有方法难以确定勾股模糊三支决策概率阈值的不足.     

转向概率对H型元胞自动机的交通流特性研究

H型路口在城区窄车道处非常易见,以N-S元胞自动机模型为基础,在开放边界条件下,交叉口处车辆转向概率会对交通流产生一定的干扰作用,以此建立H型元胞自动机模型。通过研究转向概率和红绿灯设置对交通流的特性影响,指出量变点的位置与转向概率大小,平均速度有密切联系,红绿灯配时差异减少转向车辆干扰,增加交通流量,同时分析临界转向概率对交通流控制的意义。     

基于似然域背景差分的行人检测和跟踪方法

基于激光雷达的室内机器人行人检测、跟踪容易受到复杂背景的影响。针对这种情况,提出一种基于似然域背景差分的行人检测、跟踪和跟随系统。利用即时定位与地图构建算法获得陌生环境的二维栅格地图,通过蒙特卡洛定位获得机器人在地图中的后验位姿,利用似然域模型分割出前景对应的激光雷达数据后,进行行人的检测、跟踪以及跟随。实验结果表明,该系统使行人检测准确率提升3.49%,平均检测时间缩短近32%,有效降低复杂背景对多行人检测与跟踪的影响,实现机器人对目标行人的实时跟随。     

9.基于自适应滑动均值和小波阈值的叶尖间隙信号降噪方法

动叶片与发动机机匣之间的叶尖间隙参数是反映航空发动机工作性能和运行安全的关键状态参数之一。提高叶尖间隙信号信噪比是实现高精度叶尖间隙测量的关键,为此提出基于自适应滑动均值和小波阈值的混合叶尖间隙信号实时降噪方法。首先根据叶片转速等信息,估算叶尖间隙信号带宽大小,然后通过动态改变滑动均值滤波的滑动点数来实现自适应低通滤波,最后结合小波阈值降噪时频分析能力,进一步降低噪声干扰。通过仿真实验确定采用对db5小波基函数进行6层小波阈值分解.仿真结果表明该方法在各项降噪评价指标方面全面优于现有的有限脉冲响应和固定点滑动均值滤波方法。1000rpm~4000rpm转速范围内实际测试表明,该方法最大测量误差为16μｍ,有效提高叶尖间隙测量精度。     

基于RBF神经网络的电动负载模拟器摩擦与间隙补偿方法研究

为提高电动负载模拟器系统的动态性能和信号跟踪准确度,提出针对系统摩擦和间隙进行补偿的方法。采用基RBF波神经网络的PID 控制器实现摩擦非线性补偿,同时利用间隙逆模型针对间隙非线性进行补偿。利用Matlab 软件对补偿结果进行仿真验证,仿真结果显示经过补偿后系统正弦响应曲线跟随性能变好,跟踪误差明显减小,准确度得到很大改善。仿真结果证明：基于RBF神经网络的PID 控制器和间隙逆模型分别对摩擦和间隙有明显的抑制效果,系统动态性能得到提高。     

A crosswalk pedestrian recognition system by using deep learning and zebra-crossing recognition techniques

Pedestrian detection is essential for improving pedestrian safety in an intelligent traffic system. The efficiency of the system is affected by real-time processing and the error rate of detection. These concerns have not been completely addressed in previous studies. Therefore, this study proposes a real-time pedestrian recognition system that ensures high accuracy by using a deep learning classifier and zebra-crossing recognition techniques. The proposed system was designed to improve pedestrian safety and reduce accidents at intersections. Environmental feature vectors were first used to detect zebra crossings and to determine crossing areas. An adaptive mapping technique was then used to map the pedestrian waiting area based on the crossing area. A dual camera mechanism was used to maintain detection accuracy and improve system fault tolerance. Finally, the you-only-look-once model was used to recognize pedestrians at intersections. A system prototype was implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. The results revealed that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional histogram of oriented gradients and Haarcascade schemes.     

Vehicle–pedestrian interaction for mixed traffic simulation

Simulation of real‐world traffic scenarios is widely needed in virtual environments. Different from many previous works on simulating vehicles or pedestrians separately, our approach aims to capture the realistic process of vehicle–pedestrian interaction for mixed traffic simulation. We model a decision‐making process for their interaction based on a gap acceptance judging criterion and then design a novel environmental feedback mechanism for both vehicles' and pedestrians' behavior‐control models to drive their motions. We demonstrate that our proposed method can soundly model vehicle–pedestrian interaction behaviors in a realistic and efficient manner and is convenient to be plugged into various traffic simulation systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于行人安全的交通信号灯智能控制算法研究

提出了一种基于深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG, deep deterministic policy gradient)的行人安全智能交通信号控制算法;通过对交叉口数据的实时观测,综合考虑行人安全与车辆通行效率,智能地调控交通信号周期时长,相位顺序以及相位持续时间,实现交叉路口安全高效的智能控制;同时,采用优先经验回放提高采样效率,加速了算法收敛;由于行人安全与车辆通行效率存在相互矛盾,研究中通过精确地设计强化学习的奖励函数,折中考虑行人违规引起的与车辆的冲突量和车辆通行的速度,引导交通信号灯学习路口行人的行为,学习最佳的配时方案;仿真结果表明在动态环境下,该算法在行人与车辆冲突量,车辆的平均速度、等待时间和队列长度均优于现有的固定配时方案和其他的智能配时方案。     

自适应车流方向的跨道行人检测

针对视频交通事件监控中的行人检测问题,提出一种自适应车流方向的跨道行人检测算法。利用运动历史图像计算画面中物体的运动方向,通过学习获得运动参考方向场,并对运动目标进行跟踪。依据参考方向场分析其轨迹的走向,以确定运动目标是否发生跨道行为。实验结果表明,该算法能适应车流方向并有效检测跨道行人,具有较好的实时性和较高的检测成功率。     

Control of swarm behavior in crossing pedestrians based on temporal/spatial frequencies

In the densely-populated urban areas, pedestrian flows often cross each other and congestion is caused. The congestion makes us feel uncomfortable and sometimes leads to pedestrian accidents. To reduce the congestion or the risk of accidents, it is required to control the swarm behavior of pedestrian flows. This paper proposes modeling and controlling method of the crossing pedestrian flows. In the social/urban engineering, it is well known that the swarm behavior with a diagonal stripe pattern emerges in the crossing area of the flows. This is a self-organized phenomenon caused by the local collision avoidance effect of the pedestrians. To control the macroscopic behavior of the flows, we utilize this self-organized phenomenon. Firstly, we propose the continuum model of the crossing pedestrian flows. In the continuum model, the dynamic change of the congestion in the diagonal stripe pattern is simulated as the density. Secondly, the novel control method to improve average flow velocity is proposed based on the model. The proposed method utilizes the dynamic interaction between the diagonal stripe pattern and guides, who are moving in the flows. The authors derive the control algorithm through an analysis on the temporal and spatial frequencies of the crossing flows. The validity is verified with simulations using the continuum model. Moreover, we apply the proposed method to the particle model, assuming the actual pedestrians.     

Modeling vehicle–pedestrian interactions outside of crosswalks

Pedestrian and driver behaviors as well as their interactions, are essential in planning, designing and operating highway facilities. Pedestrian crossing outside of a marked or unmarked crosswalk (i.e. jaywalking), is one of those pedestrian behaviors that may highly affect safety and operations. Unlike permissible crossings at crosswalks, jaywalking events are not often anticipated by drivers, which may result in less driver reaction time and different vehicle operation dynamics. It is important to understand pedestrian crossing behavior outside of crosswalks, as well as driver yielding behavior towards them. To date, limited quantitative and behavioral research has been conducted to investigate this interaction or simulate it microscopically. This paper aims to explore both pedestrian jaywalking behavior (gap acceptance and speeds) and the corresponding driver reactions (yielding behavior) for modeling the vehicle–pedestrian interactions (VPI) outside the crosswalks in a micro-simulation environment. The study also quantifies the differences between vehicle–jaywalker and vehicle-permissible crossing. An observational study and an instrumented vehicle study were conducted on the campus of the University of Florida to collect data from pedestrian and driver perspectives, respectively.Crossing speed, yield acceptance and delay of jaywalking crossings and permissible crossings were observed in the study and these attributed can be used for replicating pedestrian operations in simulators. Moreover, behaviors of driver approaching jaywalkers versus pedestrians crossing at designated crosswalks were compared on the basis of yield rates, and vehicle speed profiles. Vehicle yield dynamics were analyzed to model the driver reactions towards jaywalkers. Lastly, it was found that the locations of jaywalking events are highly concentrated and influenced by the crossing environment, such as pedestrian and vehicular volume, bus stops presence and crossing distance.This paper establishes several quantitative relationships describing interactions between pedestrians crossing outside of crosswalks and approaching drivers, which provide the basis and assumptions for modeling such interactions in a micro-simulation environment for traffic operational analyses.     

基于视野域机制的行人轨迹预测

为提高行人在复杂交通场景中交互的安全性,提出一种基于social-GAN（social-generative adversarial network）的行人轨迹预测算法SAN-GAN（social angle norm-GAN）。该算法首先以行人历史位置信息与头部信息为输入,通过轨迹生成器LSTM网络（long short term memory networks）获取行人隐藏特征信息,并基于行人视野域模块捕捉行人视野域动态变化,对所有行人建立扇形视野域并筛选有效信息,从而驱动神经网络模型预测行人未来轨迹变化。将SAN-GAN与LSTM、social-LSTM（social-long short term memory networks）、social-GAN等轨迹预测算法进行对比实验,结果表明SAN-GAN算法相较于其他算法,在预测3.2 s的行人轨迹时,ADE分别平均降低65.8%、51.2%、10.7%,FDE分别平均降低73.6%、60.9%、10.4%。SAN-GAN能够有效地预测行人在复杂交通环境中进行交互的未来轨迹。     

顾及主观判断延误的行人路径选择模型

路径选择是人们日常生活中频繁遭遇的现实问题。针对在行人导航系统的辅助下,行人仍然需要通过主观判断识别路径指示信息中的地标和真实地标是否匹配的问题,建立了顾及主观判断延误的行人道路网络模型。通过将主观判断延误时间和路径行程距离引入前景理论中,发展了一种基于前景理论的行人路径选择模型。以中国地质大学(武汉)部分区域为实验对象进行了仿真实验,结果表明所提出的行人路径选择模型给出的最优路径的主观判断延误时间均不超过相同起止点中的最短主观判断延误时间的0.6 s,虽然其给出的行程距离均比最短路径更长,但均不超过16 m。实验结果表明,所提模型符合行人的实际出行需求。