荷载激励半刚性基层沥青路面声效响应分析

为了通过由沥青路面在冲击荷载作用下的声效特征差异识别路面层间连续状态,从而适时进行预防性养护,采用ABAQUS有限元从材料塑性变形、温度、土基等方面分析半刚性基层沥青路面不连续病害产生机制,建立半刚性基层沥青路面板体振动微分方程和强迫振动方程,求得其稳态解,并对板体振动时的声效响应及其敏感性因素进行分析。结果表明:激励荷载大小、板体尺寸、板体连续状态、不连续区域面积等较冲击加载方式、板体模量等因素对荷载激励产生声效特征响应更为强烈、敏感,板体振动声效特征频带基本集中在500 Hz之内;基于沥青路面在冲击荷载下因连续状态不同引起的声效特征差异性原理,开发的半刚性基层沥青路面结构层连续性检测仪的识别准确率达到96%。     

一种面向管道堵塞不均衡样本集的主动学习方法

针对城市排水管道堵塞检测识别过程中有标签的样本数量较少,人工标注管道数据样本成本高昂,以及管道堵塞数据集中存在明显的类别不均衡问题,提出基于主动学习的方法以解决上述问题.同时,将极限随机树作为基分类器,对未标注样本集进行分类识别;样本查询策略选择将分类熵和余弦相似度相结合的样本采样策略.该方法使得模型在主动学习的过程中...     

表面粗糙度对镍镀层结合性能的影响

对玻璃基双层镍表面进行阳极活化以提高镍层之间的结合强度。阳极活化液组成和工艺条件为:NiCl2·6H2O 100 g/L,H3BO3 25 g/L,pH 4.0,温度45°C,阳极电流密度10~30 mA/cm2,时间5~15 min。研究了电流密度和处理时间对镍镀层表面形貌、孤岛结合力、表面粗糙度和界面结合强度的影响,探讨了双层镍表面粗糙度和界面结合强度的关系。结果表明,在30 mA/cm2下阳极活化10 min后,双层镍的界面结合强度为629.8 MPa,比盐酸活化试样高了近2倍。镍层表面粗糙度与界面结合强度之间有明显的对应关系,表面粗糙度越大,界面结合强度越高。采用阳极活化法可有效提高微机电系统微器件的可靠性。     

浅谈钢结构表面处理处理的粗糙度

对钢结构防腐技术的研究表明：涂装前表面处理质量对涂层寿命（即防腐蚀效果）的影响最大。文章介绍了表面处理中对清洁度和粗糙度的要求,尤其就粗糙度的概念、作用、控制、评定等若干问题提出看法,供同行参考。     

微流道粗糙壁面对流动阻力和控制的影响

研究了3种粗糙单元(三角形、矩形、三角形与矩形交错混合)壁面对微流道内流动和摩擦阻力的影响。利用二维模型模拟了量纲一泊肃叶数与粗糙单元的几何特性和分布的关系。结果发现:在模拟条件下,粗糙壁面摩擦阻力(泊肃叶数)总是大于光滑壁面的摩擦阻力;壁面粗糙单元的高度对摩擦阻力的影响较大,可有近乎指数型的增长,粗糙单元的长度和间隔的影响居中,而雷诺数的影响较小。说明壁面粗糙度可有效改变槽道内的流动状态,增大混合效率。     

Analytical modeleing of contact mechanics of helical gear tooth by considering surface roughness effects

Abstract

Release of metal debris from a pair of gear teeth is a consequence of their contact. Any excessive metal debris can lead to the onset of fatigue and failure. This paper aims to derive a contact mechanics-based model to obtain the energy absorption of helical gear teeth. The proposed model includes the roughness effect of teeth contact surfaces. The mean value of the asperity summit curvature, the standard deviation of the asperity height distribution and the area density of the asperity height distribution are the three statistical parameters that describe the micron-scale surface roughness. An explicit approximation is obtained to relate the contact load and the minimum surface separation and to estimate the energy loss. Then an analytical expression is derived for the plastic energy dissipation per cycle as a function of plasticity index for gear teeth. The proposed function can be applied in the design of gears by engineers and manufacturers. Additionally, a pertinent lumped mass at the area of interaction is assumed to describe the contact frequency and damping ratio using a nonlinear dynamic model.     

Impacts of impregnation with boron compounds on surface roughness of woods and varnished surfaces

This study determines the effects of the process of impregnation of boron compounds on the surface roughness of Oriental beech, Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and Uluda? fir woods and varnished surfaces. For this purpose, samples are prepared according to ASTM D 358 and impregnated according to ASTM D 1413‐99 with a 5.5% solution of boric acid (Ba), borax (Bx), and Ba with Bx (Ba + Bx) and varnished with synthetic varnish (Sv) and water‐based varnish (Wb) in accordance with ASTM D 3023. The surface roughness is determined according to ISO 4287 and TS 930 standards. The results indicate that the surface roughness is the highest in Uluda? fir, Wb, and Bx and the lowest in Oriental spruce, Sv, and Ba + Bx. For the combination of wood, impregnation material, and varnish, the surface roughness is the highest in Oriental beech with Bx and Wb and the lowest in Scotch pine with Ba + Bx and Sv. The surface roughness is less in impregnated samples than unimpregnated samples and in impregnated and varnished samples than impregnated and unvarnished samples. According to these results, boron compounds decrease the surface roughness of varnishes and wood materials. Thus, impregnation of wood with boron compounds decreases the surface roughness. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4952–4957, 2006     

Scale-sensitive fractal analysis of the surface roughness of bloomed chocolate

The surface roughness of stored chocolate bars was studied by scanning laser microscopy and area-scale fractal analysis. Topographic data were expressed by the statistical average roughness (Sa), by two parameters from area-scale analyses—the fractal complexity (Asfc) and the scale of the rough-to-smooth transition (SRC)—and by the relative area as a function of scale. The roughness measured with Asfc showed extremely low correlation with the SRC, indicating that these two parameters can be considered to be independent. Asfc appeared to have some correlation (R ²=0.82) with the Sa, indicating that for these data Asfc and Sa are somewhat related. As surface roughness (Asfc) increased during storage, gloss decreased in a linear fashion (R ²=0.96), which is consistent with the proposal that surface roughness is intimately related to gloss. The scales of observation from about 0.5 to 100 μm² were characteristic of the fat bloom interaction with chocolate surface and with the gloss. Fractal analysis provides parameters (Asfc and relative area) that are better than conventional arithmetic mean roughness for describing the surface changes during storage of chocolate. Both the complexity (Asfc) and the relative areas showed strong correlations with gloss (0.96 and 0.94, respectively), which is consistent with a facet-based scattering model.     

Specular reflection,gloss, roughness and surface heterogeneity of biopolymer coatings

The gloss values of biopolymer coatings were predicted by the Fresnel model from solid film refractive index measurements. Measured gloss properties of transparent coatings fit the model better than did those of wax‐ or lipid‐dispersion coatings. Lipid content and particle size of dispersion coatings had a large influence on coating gloss. The effect of surface roughness on gloss was small compared with that of surface heterogeneity. Whey protein isolate and shellac coatings had higher gloss than hydroxypropyl methylcellulose coatings. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2221–2229, 2001     

考虑表面粗糙度的柔性箔柱面气膜密封紊流特性分析

柔性箔柱面气膜密封是一种可适应氢气压缩机高速转子大变形的密封结构新形式,该密封结合了气膜楔形动压和箔片柔性来实现高性能密封,但是目前高速环境下紊流与表面形貌的相互关联机制对柔性箔柱面气膜密封性能的影响规律缺失,因此本文以表面粗糙度为主要考量因素进行周期性分析计算,并设计了不同表面粗糙度变化对高转速柔性箔密封性能启停循环实验的影响。研究结果表明,当表面形貌不规则度越高,中性面产生的压力波动越大;泄漏率和气浮力随着表面粗糙度的增加而增加,动态特性系数气浮刚度则呈下降趋势,因而气膜稳定性降低;循环周期实验下,气膜密封存在迟滞现象,表面形貌的不规则越高,密封迟滞能越大,另外,受弹性元件、系统摩擦与转速瞬态变化的影响,柔性箔柱面气膜密封会出现反迟滞现象。     

Impact of deposit aging and surface roughness on thermal fouling: Distributed model

A kinetic model was recently proposed to describe the effect of aging on deposit thermal conductivity and the thermal performance of a shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger undergoing crude oil fouling. The model is adapted for implementation within a dynamic, distributed system with spatial and temporal distributions, relaxing several of the previous assumptions. The evolution of surface roughness is also considered, using conjectural linear and asymptotic functions. Simulations are performed for a single tube representative of a refinery exchanger. The results demonstrate the substantial effects over time of aging and roughness on heat transfer and pressure drop. Roughness effects yield apparently negative initial fouling resistances, as reported in some experimental tests. The importance of accounting for roughness dynamics in short time scale pilot plant scale tests and aging over longer time scales in industrial applications is highlighted. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

纳米碳酸钙的表面活化改性研究

本文主要介绍通过加入特定的表面改性剂,制得了表面改性的活性碳酸钙.并对活化过程中的一系列影响因素,如活化温度、活化时间、碳酸钙悬浊液浓度、表面改性剂用量进行了研究.