中山市集中式饮用水水源地周边土壤有机氯农药残留特征及评价

选取中山市3个集中式饮用水水源地周边土壤为研究对象,对表层土壤中24种典型有机氯农药(OCPs)含量进行了测定,并分析其残留特征、可能来源和环境风险。结果显示,研究区域土壤中OCPs检出率达100%,含量范围为10.64-92.93μg/kg,平均含量33.22μg/kg,在国内范围内处于中下水平。OCPs主要来源于历史残留。DDTs对生物存在较低的生态风险;OCPs致癌风险累积值低于标准值10~(-6),非致癌风险累积值低于标准值1,对人体无健康风险,但应关注其对儿童的影响。     

气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中7种有机氯农药

建立生活饮用水中有机氯农药残留的气相色谱测定方法。方法：采用液液萃取[1]-[2],浓硫酸净化、国产OV-17毛细管色谱柱,通过优化条件分析测定南昌红谷滩新区生活饮用水中六六六(BHC)、滴滴地(DDD)等七种有机氯农药的残留。方法的线性范围为4.0×10(-3)-4.0×10(-1)g·ml(-1),加标平均回收率在...     

A2/O-MBR组合工艺去除有机氯农药残留的特性研究

以污水中16种有机氯农药(OCPs)残留为目标物,阐明其在厌氧/缺氧/好氧与MBR的组合工艺(A~2/O-MBR)中的去除特性。结果表明,16种OCPs在该工艺中的进水浓度范围从50.5 ng/L(艾氏剂)到169.2 ng/L(六氯苯),出水中浓度范围从1.02 ng/L(杀螨酯)到80.1 ng/L(百菌清)。该工艺对大多数有机氯农药残留具有很强的去除能力,且去除率均在92%以上。去除途径主要分为3种,以生物降解为主要去除途径、以生物降解和污泥吸附共同作用为去除途径、以污泥吸附为主要去除途径,同时还有少部分OCPs得不到有效去除。     

我国土壤中有机氯农药的污染分布特征

通过查阅大量文献,得到了我国不同地区各自代表性省份的有机氯农药的污染状况。其中上海地区OCPs主要污染物为DDTs;广东地区的OCPs以历史残留为主;湖北省土壤OCPs的残留量呈现出很明显的垂直分布趋势,污染物以DDTs为主;北京市农田土壤OCPs的平均残留量53.98μg/kg,受OCPs的污染比较严重;沈阳市土壤中OCPs的平均残留量为26.91μg/kg,主要污染物为DDTs。这将为有效防治有机氯农药的危害有着重要的意义。     

环境中有机氯农药残留与女性乳腺癌

以六六六（HCH）、滴滴涕（DDT）为代表的有机氯农药是我国最早大规模使用的农药,因其有累积性、不易降解,我国在1983年已禁止使用,然而,由于这2类农药在自然条件下很难降解等原因,在我国环境中至今仍有残留.这些残留的有机氯农药对人类和野生动物的健康存在巨大威胁.有机氯农药在我国城乡人群中存在不同程度的蓄积.人的乳腺癌与接触有机氯农药可能有联系,但至今尚未确定它们之间的因果关系.     

有机氯杀虫剂残留量简易薄层层析法

由于有机氯杀虫剂的(主要是 DDT,六六六)广泛应用,使其残留污染已被逐步重视,现各地相继开展对食品及环境的污染普查及其代谢物残留动态的研究。在检测分析技术上,除发展仪器检测外,为适应国内情况,便于普及,经济简易的薄层层析技术的应用仍是十分必要的,此法虽然在某些方面不及仪器分析,但对有机氯杀虫剂能够较好的分离和准确的定量,基本上能满足农药残留分析的需要。1979年我们根据 A,     

黔产杜仲中有机氯农药残留含量分析

目的:对19批次黔产杜仲药材中有机氯农药含量分析。方法:根据《中国药典》方法处理样品,采用气相色谱法测定黔产杜仲药材中有机氯农药残留含量。结果:19批次黔产杜仲药材中均未检测到有机氯农药残留。结论:黔产杜仲药材中有机氯农药残留的分析结果为其合理安全用药提供科学依据。     

银翘解毒丸中有机氯农药残留测定前处理方法的比较与分析

建立了测定银黄解毒丸有机氯农药残留量的新方法。对银翘解毒丸中的有机氯农药残留进行预处理分析方法研究。通过优化不同溶剂、提取方法、提取剂和净化剂预处理样品,确定最佳前处理方法。选择最佳处理方法对银翘解毒丸进行气相色谱检测。9种有机氯农药的检出限为0.000 1~0.01 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为13.7%~18.7%,回收率86.2%~110.4%。针对市场随机抽取30多种样品进行检测,测定结果显示,大部分样品中有机氯农残未检出,少部分含量在0.1 mg/kg以下,极少数样品有机氯农残含量超过国家标准。与传统方法相比较,该方法具有更高的灵敏度和准确度,并且快捷有效,更适合于银翘解毒丸的有机氯农药残留检测。     

双水相提取鱼肉中的有机氯农药残留

建立了以乙腈-醋酸钾-水体系为提取剂、以PSA颗粒为吸附剂、无水硫酸镁为除水剂、经离心分离去基质后气相色谱直接进样分析的方法,来测定鱼肉中的9种有机氯农药（OCPs）残留。该方法可以将提取、基质去除与净化一次完成,不仅有很好的净化效果,而且9种OCPs提取回收率可达78%~106%,相对标准偏差均小于11%,明显优于国标法,完全能够满足鱼肉中OCPs药物残留的简便、快速和高效检测。     

土壤中有机氯滴滴涕和六六六的气相色谱测定

建立了用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定土壤中有机氯农药[滴滴涕(DDTs)、六六六(HCHs)]的方法.考察了检测物的最低检出限、回收率和精密度,并对气相测试条件进行了优化.监测到的土壤有机氯农药的残留以p,p'-DDE和p,p-DDT为主,为了解土壤环境有机氯的含量提供了一个理论依据.     

Determination of organochlorine pesticides in marine sediments samples using ultrasonic solvent extraction followed by GC/ECD

A rapid multiresidue method has been developed for the analysis of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (-HCH, γ-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, 4,4-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDD, endosulfan II, 4,4-DDT, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, methoxychlor and endrin ketone) in marine sediments. The method is based on the ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) of sediment samples. The extraction procedure was optimised with regard to the solvent type, amount of solvent and duration of sonication steps. Analytical determinations of the 17 OCPs were carried out by gas chromatography using electron capture detector (GC/ECD). The highest recoveries from sediment samples spiked at trace concentrations of 50 ng g⁻¹ obtained when samples were extracted two times by ultrasonication for 20 min with 5 mL of dichloromethane. Recovery studies were performed at 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 ng g⁻¹ fortification levels and correlation coefficients obtained ranged from 0.9652 to 0.9993 showing that the method is linear over the range assayed. The detection limits (signal/noise = 3) for the organochlorine compounds tested in marine sediments varied from 0.1 to 1 ng g⁻¹ dry weight. USE of OCPs from marine sediments using dichloromethane showed satisfactory extraction efficiencies combined with simplicity of use and low solvent consumption.     

Removal of DDT from aqueous solutions using mesoporous silica materials

BACKGROUND: There are few reports about adsorbents for the effective removal of large‐molecule pesticides such as DDT (1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2′ bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethane). Some mesoporous silica materials and their modified derivatives might serve as good adsorbents for these large organic molecules because of their large pore diameter and special pore structures. In this work, the adsorption processes of DDT in aqueous solutions were investigated using different mesoporous silica materials, including HMS, MCM‐41, SBA‐15 and MCM‐48. RESULTS: All these materials exhibit efficient DDT removal, and the adsorption is a rapid process with over 50% of DDT removed within approximately 2 h. The efficiency of DDT removal is influenced by the adsorbent characteristics, such as pore volume, pore diameter, connectivity between pore channels and surface OH groups. The influences of water/acetone ratio and initial DDT concentration in solution were also explored. It was found that with enhancing DDT solubility, the addition of acetone in the reaction solution had no evident impact on DDT adsorption efficiency. Increasing the initial concentration of DDT resulted in a decrease of DDT adsorption efficiency. The adsorption kinetics of DDT on mesoporous silica material is shown to be pseudo‐second‐order. After thermal treatment at a relatively low temperature of 450 °C, the adsorbed DDT was completely decomposed and the adsorbents, except MCM‐41, were regenerated well. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the potential of a simple and efficient new approach for the removal of OCPs (organochlorine pesticides), especially large OCP molecules from surface water or groundwater. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

超临界流体萃取脱除人参中痕量有机氯农药

The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC)from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and kinds of co-solvents were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reduce BHC residues in radix ginseng to the level of 0.1 × 10-6 with supercritical CO2 in the presence of suitable amount of co-solvent, such as water.     

超临界流体萃取脱除人参中痕量有机氯农药

The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC) from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and kinds of co-solvents were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reduce BHC residues in radix ginseng to the level of 0.1×10-6 with supercritical CO2 in the presence of suitable amount of co-solvent, such as water.     

有机氯农药与牛血清白蛋白作用机理研究

利用荧光光谱法研究了5种有机氯农药（OCPs） δ-BHC、α-氯丹、艾氏剂、o,p＇-DDT、HCB和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用机理.280 nm波长下,OCPs可使BSA色氨酸残基发生荧光猝灭现象.通过光谱数据,绘制了Stern-Volmer曲线,测定了平衡常数和25,37℃下OCPs-BSA的结合常数.结果显示,5种OCPs猝灭蛋白质的过程均为熵驱动的静态猝灭过程,通过较弱的疏水作用力与蛋白质相互结合,结合点位数近似为1,这种结合作用会随着温度的升高而增强.     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中六六六和滴滴涕残留

建立了快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p′-DDE、p,p′-DDD、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDT等8种有机氯农药残留的方法。8种有机氯农药标准曲线方程的相关系数均在0.9990以上;检出限为0.094-0.102μg·kg^-1;基质加标实验的回收率为84%-120%,相对标准偏差为3.06%-5.27%。该方法快速、定性和定量准确可靠,适合土壤中六六六和滴滴涕残留的分析测定。     

广州地区菜地土壤有机氯农药残留与分布

2009年4～6月采集了广州地区菜地土壤表层样品,利用ASE萃取技术,使用GC方法测定了样品中的六六六（α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH）、滴滴涕（4,4＇-DDE,4,4＇-DDD,4,4＇-DDT）、氯丹、艾氏剂、狄氏剂等17种有机氯农药的检出率和含量。结果表明：HCHs的含量介于nd～2.04μg/kg之间,平均含量为1.12μg/kg。DDTs含量在0.33～2.88μg/kg,平均值为1.59μg/kg,其他10种有机农药也有不同程度的检出,同国内其他地区相比,其残留水平偏低,对生态环境和人体健康无明显危害。     

气质联用法测定生菜中有机氯类农药残留

建立了生菜中有机氯类农药残留的气质联用分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,石墨化碳/氨基复合萃取小柱净化,气质联用仪分析有机氯类农药。该方法的回收率在83.9%~1 09.5%之间,线性相关系数大于0.999,1 1种有机氯类农药的检出限在0.003 0~0.01 2 5 m g/kg。方法准确可靠,可应用于生菜中多种有机氯农药的测定。