湖北水文“十二五”人事改革实践与探索

"十二五"期间,湖北省水文水资源局积极推进湖北水文人事体制机制改革,开展管理体制"大变革"、机构设置"大调整"、职能职责"大拓展"、服务地方"大覆盖"、接轨地方"大融合"、人才储备"大招聘"、综合业务"大培训"、干部轮岗"大交流"、业务技能"大比武"等改革实践探索,为湖北水利和经济社会可持续发展提供了坚强支撑。     

概论水肥一体化技术

水肥一体化技术是现代种植业生产的一项综合水肥管理措施,具有显著的节水、节肥、省工、优质、高效、环保等优点。水肥一体化技术意为灌溉和施肥结合的一种技术,国内根据英文"Fertigation"、"Fertilization"、"Irrigation"字意翻译成"水肥一体化"、"灌溉施肥"、"加肥灌溉"等多种叫法。"水肥一体化"这个称谓目前被广泛接受。肥料自身不会从管道流动,必须溶解于水才能随管道流动,这很容易区别于传统的施肥。针对具体的灌溉形式,又可称为"滴灌施肥"、"喷灌施肥"、"微喷灌施肥"等。     

办公室的选择及布局

正(一)办公室种类繁多,然皆有根源。以风水而论,无外乎"五行"、"三类":"五行"者,金、木、水、火、土;"三类"者,政、文、商。办公室的选择、布局,总脱离不了上述"五行"、"三类"。"风水"起源于《周易》。《易》曰:"方以类聚,物以群分。"所谓"一方水土养一方人",如江浙出文人,广西出军阀,安徽出皇帝。这说明,地球之大,其龙脉、地气     

三宝钱说

三宝钱,以前并非钱币学术语,而是民间对于道教受生经中"天库贯文"的俗称,我借以概括"佛法僧宝"和"道经师宝"两种钱文,因为"佛、法、僧"和"道、经、师"正是释道二教所称的"三宝"。中国古代,"三宝"有多种     

稿约

正本刊为国内外公开发行的综合性学生季刊(刊号:CN1672-2841ISSN44-1587/Z),主要设有"高职教育探索"、"教学研究"、"科学技术研究与推广"、"工程实践"、"信息化建设"等栏目。欢迎广大科研工作者     

略论盐城“水利梦”

认真学习领会习近平总书记提出的"中国梦",结合实际,论述了如何转化为干好盐城水利工作的动力,见诸行动,出实策、鼓实劲、办实事,力争实现盐城的"水安全梦"、"水资源梦"、"水环境梦"、"水生态梦"、"水经济梦"和"水文化梦",同心践行和助力"中国梦",真正实现人水相依、和谐共生、良性循环、全面繁荣。     

生态水利发展战略研究

本文提出了"生态水利"新概念,并论述了"流域综合管理"、"生态补偿机制"、"生态文明建设"、"文化建设"四大软科学、软实力支撑,同时,对"生态水利"进行了科学解读,价值巨大,意义深远.     

稿约

正本刊为国内外公开发行的综合性学术期刊(刊号:CN1672-2841ISSN44-1587/Z),主要设有"高职教育探索"、"教学研究"、"科学技术与推广"、"工程实践"、"信息化建设"等栏目。欢迎广大科研工作者、教育工作者     

稿约

本刊为国内外公开发行的综合性学术季刊(刊号:CN 1672—2841 ISSN 44—1587/Z),主要设有"高职教育探索"、"教学研究"、"科学技术研究与推广"、"工程实践"、"信息化建设"等栏目。欢迎广大科研工作者、教育工作者及     

壶外洞天

中国古代文人有一种闲雅的情调。孔子说,人应该"志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺"(《论语·述而》),于攻读诗书、琢磨"修身、齐家、治国、平天下"诸多事功之外,博宗百家艺术,养心悦性,陶冶情操。"志"、"据"、"依"传达的是正儿八经的严肃话题,来不得半点马虎,而"游"字则蕴含着一种悠闲与惬意。于是在这闲适的"游艺"生活中,出现了形形色色、巧妙绝伦的艺     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.