消耗电极法在偶合反应合成有机物中的研究进展

自从20世纪80年代以来,人们对消耗电极法在偶合反应合成有机物中的应用进行了大量的研究。本文总结了近30多年来国内外在利用消耗电极法进行偶合反应合成有机物方面的研究现状并简述了消耗电极法在合成有机物中的特点与作用。     

不同有机物对氨氮测试的影响

研究了红糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甲醇和乙酸钠5种不同有机物对纳氏比色法和离子选择电极法测试氨氮的影响。结果表明,红糖、葡萄糖和木糖对纳氏比色法测试氨氮均会造成影响,使得测试结果偏大;在无铵根离子存在时,红糖质量浓度与氨氮的测试浓度线性相关、葡萄糖和木糖质量浓度与氨氮的测试浓度非线性相关;而甲醇和乙酸钠则对纳氏比色法测试氨氮没有影响。实验中采用三氯甲烷萃取+离心法、蒸馏法进行预处理都不能消除其对氨氮测试的影响。但是,采用离子选择电极法测试氨氮时,上述有机物对测试结果并无影响。并对离子选择电极法测试氨氮的测定结果运用SPSS22.0进行了显著性分析,表明不同有机物种类、有机物浓度对离子选择电极法测试氨氮均无显著影响。     

用金属有机化合物制备铁电薄膜：工艺及进展

本文概述了以金属有机化合物为原料制备铁电薄膜的工艺过程、工艺特点及最新研究进展，着重介绍了金属有机物化学气相溶积（ＭＯＣＶＤ），金属有机物热分解（ＭＯＤ）以及溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）三种制备技术在铁电薄膜制备领域中的应用。     

金属卤化物钙钛矿量子点的制备及其光催化应用研究进展

利用太阳能光催化技术生产清洁燃料、降解污染物及转化高附加值产品，是解决当前能源短缺和环境污染问题的有效途径。随着对金属卤化物钙钛矿的深入研究，成功开发出一系列能够制备出成分和形貌控制精确、产物均匀性好、结晶度高的钙钛矿量子点的合成方法，使钙钛矿量子点应用到光催化领域中。综述了热注入法、配体辅助再沉淀法、溶剂热法、微波辅助法等金属卤化物钙钛矿量子点的合成方法及金属卤化物钙钛矿量子点在光催化析氢、光催化还原二氧化碳、光催化合成有机物以及光催化降解有机物等方面的研究进展，最后对金属卤化物钙钛矿光催化剂的发展前景进行了展望。     

含茂基有机配合物的合成及表征

对含茂基有机配合物的合成及表征进行了简单介绍,例举了包括含茂基和四苯基卟啉基钇的有机金属配合物的合成,以及其他类型的有机配合物的合成,藉此探讨一般有机物配合物的合成与表征的共通性。     

金属有机配合物的合成及其在催化领域中的应用研究进展

金属有机物是一种无机金属与有机物配合形成的稳定化合物,由于在分子结构和成键形式上具有丰富的多样性,经过金属和有机配体的中的N键或P键配合能够达到相对稳定的状态,用于催化领域具有良好的发展前景。作者针对金属有机配合物的机理、合成方法及其在催化化学中的应用进行了综述。同时对其发展方向及应用前景进行了展望。     

压电陶瓷超细粉末湿化学法制备工艺进展

采用共沉淀、水热合成、溶胶－凝胶法、金属有机物热分解法等湿化学方法可以合成锆钛酸铅（PZT）压电陶瓷超细粉末，本文对这几种方法进行了介绍和评价。     

聚酯合成催化技术的研究进展

聚酯工业的进步离不开先进的催化技术。本文对聚酯合成催化体系的研究进展进行了评述。着眼于目前占主导的金属催化剂,对锑、钛、锡、锗、铝等催化剂在活性、副反应等方面所开展的金属复合、配体改性、载体负载等工作进行了总结,介绍了有机物、离子液体、酶等非金属催化体系的研究进展,并对促进聚酯合成的电、光、微波等催化辅助技术进行了评述。催化能力强、副反应少、聚合条件温和催化体系的开发有助于聚酯品质的提升,将先进的表征手段、模型研究以及聚酯构效关系规律探索结合到催化体系的研究中,可加速高效聚酯催化技术的研发。     

金属有机物热分解成膜技术研究进展

金属有机物的分解过程(MOD)是一种生成无机膜的新技术,它具有很多优点.本文介绍了用作前驱体配料的金属有机化合物应满足的基本条件及其合成方法,重点讲述了MOD工艺过程和其在固体氧化物燃料电池中及电子等行业中的应用.     

几种氧化还原电对在间接电氧化合成中的应用

间接电氧化有机物是有机合成的一个重要方向。本文介绍了间接电化学氧化过程中常用的凡种氧化煤质的电生过程以及它们在间接电氧化合成中的应用，对比了Co3+、Ce3+及Mn3+的氧化活性，指出了适合于用它们来氧化的甲苯衍生物的特征。     

铬酸酐电合成过程中工作电压的变化

引言 铬酸酐主要用于电镀、作氧化剂、水溶性木材防腐剂、制铬盐、着色玻璃等,是一种重要的化工产品,近年发展相当迅速[1].其传统生产工艺中的Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4间歇熔融法、外热连续法、 自热连续法、湿法等技术[2],都不可避免地存在NaHSO4污染产品、铬流失、污染环境等问题.发展前景看好的是有绿色技术之称的电合成法[3, 4],正在竞相研发中[5],其基础研究亟待进行.本文从工程角度研究了铬酸酐电合成过程中工作电压的变化规律.     

Design and optimization of electrochemical microreactors for continuous electrosynthesis

The study focuses on the design and construction, as well as the theoretical and experimental optimization of electrochemical filter press microreactors for the electrosynthesis of molecules with a high added value. The main characteristics of these devices are firstly a high-specific electrochemical area to increase conversion and selectivity, and secondly the shape and size of the microchannels designed for a uniform residence time distribution of the fluid. A heat exchanger is integrated into the microstructured electrode to rapidly remove (or supply) the heat required in exo- or endothermic reactions. The microreactors designed are used to perform-specific electrosynthesis reactions such as thermodynamically unfavorable reactions (continuous NADH regeneration), or reactions with high enthalpy changes.     

电化学微型流动反应系统初探

应用MEMS技术研制出不同尺度的梳齿状微阵列电极,设计了相应的电化学微型流动反应系统。针对乙醛酸电合成的特点,尝试乙二醛电氧化合成乙醛酸体系,结合离子色谱对电合成产物进行分析。研究结果初步表明,本文所设计的电化学微型流动反应系统,具有结构简单、操作方便、连续生产等优点,可在不添加支持电解质的条件下,实现氧化乙二醛电合成乙醛酸的过程。     

Ferrocene as a Redox Catalyst for Organic Electrosynthesis

Despite substantial advancements in thermal and photochemical catalysis, the evolution of similar processes within the realm of organic electrochemistry has seen a slower pace. However, recent years have heralded a remarkable surge in molecular electrocatalysis. This innovative technique harnesses the power of molecular catalysts to expedite electrochemical transformations. This article underscores the application of ferrocene (Fc) as a redox catalyst in organic electrosynthesis. It delves into the extensive utilization of Fc in organic electrosynthesis, particularly emphasizing its role in the electrocatalytic generation and reactions of heteroatom- and carbon-centered radicals, among various other reactions.     

SIMULATION OF A MEDIATED ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS

Mediated electrosynthesis is a cyclic process involving electrochemical generation of a redox agent and use of that agent to effect a chemical reaction. This process is applicable to a large number of mediators and chemical substrates. Cerium in particular is an excellent mediator for syntheses of aldehydes and quinones. An ASPEN PLUS process and cost model is presented for the cerium mediated electrosynthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinone from naphthalene. The process involves two-phase reaction, phase separation, liquid-liquid extraction, electrochemical oxidation, and crystallization. The ASPEN PLUS simulator, however, does not include a module for the separation of organic and aqueous electrolyte solutions. Therefore, a liquid-liquid extractor block is developed based on distribution coefficients. The extractor model also accounts for phase entrainments. Stream compositions are controlled by maintaining fixed ratios of component mass flows. Finally, an extremely tight tolerance is required to account for minute quantities of organics in the aqueous stream. The use of the model to identify economically interesting operating conditions is demonstrated.     

Current density optimization in electrochemical synthesis

Current density in an industrial electrosynthesis process carried out in a single flow electrolyser with planar electrodes has been optimized using a model which includes the main electrochemical and economic parameters, as well as process kinetics. Results obtained using different optimization criteria have been compared. Sample calculations have been made for the cathodic reduction of oxalic acid.     

SIMULATION OF A MEDIATED ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS

Mediated electrosynthesis is a cyclic process involving electrochemical generation of a redox agent and use of that agent to effect a chemical reaction. This process is applicable to a large number of mediators and chemical substrates. Cerium in particular is an excellent mediator for syntheses of aldehydes and quinones. An ASPEN PLUS process and cost model is presented for the cerium mediated electrosynthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinone from naphthalene. The process involves two-phase reaction, phase separation, liquid-liquid extraction, electrochemical oxidation, and crystallization. The ASPEN PLUS simulator, however, does not include a module for the separation of organic and aqueous electrolyte solutions. Therefore, a liquid-liquid extractor block is developed based on distribution coefficients. The extractor model also accounts for phase entrainments. Stream compositions are controlled by maintaining fixed ratios of component mass flows. Finally, an extremely tight tolerance is required to account for minute quantities of organics in the aqueous stream. The use of the model to identify economically interesting operating conditions is demonstrated.     

离子液体在电有机合成中的应用

离子液体独特的全离子结构会导致良好的导电性,成为有潜力的绿色电化学材料.离子液体热稳定性好,不挥发,不燃烧,离子电导率高,电化学窗口宽,适合应用在电化学中.简单介绍了离子液体,并综述了离子液体在电有机合成中的应用研究进展.在电合成中,离子液体由于自身较高的电导而避免了加入电解质对电化学反应的干扰.离子液体在电有机合成中的应用分为有机氧化还原反应、电聚合反应、电解氟化反应.然而,离子液体在电有机合成方面研究的较少,它们作为反应介质应用于电有机合成仍然无法摆脱前人的成果.     

Mediated electrosynthesis with cerium (IV) in methanesulphonic acid

Methanesulphonic acid has been found to solubilize the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) couple. This makes cerium mediated electrosynthesis practical for commercial production of several carbonyl compounds. Results are presented for the electrochemical generation of Ce(IV) in methanesulphonic acid and for naphthalene oxidation to 1,4-naphthoquinone using Ce(IV).     

Dopant anion controlled ion transport behavior of polypyrrole

A combination of electrochemical and microgravimetric techniques, utilizing the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), has been employed to study the ion transport behavior of polypyrrole films, prepared with a variety of electrolytes, during redox switching. Systems investigated include poly(pyrrole chloride), poly(pyrrole dodecylsulfate), poly{pyrrole-co-[3-(pyrrol-1-y1)propanesulfonate]}, and polypyrrole/Nafion composites. It has been demonstrated that controlled ion transport properties of polypyrrole can be achieved by incorporating properly selected dopant anions into the polypyrrole film during electrosynthesis.