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1.
Introduces the first section of this issue of the Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. A question often on the minds of Cognitive Neuroscientists these days concerns the relation between perception and action. Those who are outside the field of perception may be excused for thinking that this must have always been so. This section begins with a paper by Flanagan, King, Wolpert, and Johansson examining the role of long-term memories in participants' adaptation to a size-weight illusion. The paper by Glover and Dixon examines the online control of action using a visual illusion in which the orientation of a background grating influences the perceived orientation of a foreground bar that must be grasped by the hand. The paper by Fecteau, Chua, Franks, and Enns is also concerned with the on-line control of action, but this time using a finger pointing task made popular by Goodale and colleagues. The final paper in this section by James, Humphrey, and Goodale comes full circle in that it examines how perception is influenced by action, rather than the other way around. If the four papers included in this section are at all representative of the state of Canadian research on Perception and Action, then the next few years will be interesting and productive ones indeed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Discusses this special edition in cognitive neuroscience in the Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology (CJEP). The editors decided to focus their efforts on three "hot" research areas in Cognitive Neuroscience--perception and action, multisensory integration, memory and higher-order cognition--and within each domain highlighting how different research methodologies can be brought to bear on the issue of the neural bases of higher mental functions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Introduces a section of this Special Edition in Cognitive Neuroscience, which examines the neural mechanisms and cognitive factors that influence the formation of multimodal percepts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Introduces this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, which focuses on three hot research areas in Cognitive Neuroscience--perception and action, multisensory integration, memory and higher-order cognition. Highlighted within each domain is how different research methodologies can be brought to bear on the issue of the neural bases of higher mental functions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
Libby Lisa K.; Shaeffer Eric M.; Eibach Richard P. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,138(4):503
Actions do not have inherent meaning but rather can be interpreted in many ways. The interpretation a person adopts has important effects on a range of higher order cognitive processes. One dimension on which interpretations can vary is the extent to which actions are identified abstractly—in relation to broader goals, personal characteristics, or consequences—versus concretely, in terms of component processes. The present research investigated how visual perspective (own 1st-person vs. observer’s 3rd-person) in action imagery is related to action identification level. A series of experiments measured and manipulated visual perspective in mental and photographic images to test the connection with action identification level. Results revealed a bidirectional causal relationship linking 3rd-person images and abstract action identifications. These findings highlight the functional role of visual imagery and have implications for understanding how perspective is involved in action perception at the social, cognitive, and neural levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
6.
This special section was motivated by a resurgence in the view that it is impossible to investigate perceptual and cognitive development without considering how it is affected by, and intertwined with, infants' and children's action in the world. This view has long been foundational to the field, yet contemporary investigations of the effects of acting on cognition and perception have been limited. The research showcased in this section indicates that this trend is changing as researchers consider anew the ways in which cognition derives structure from action. The work presented here illustrates the breadth of these potential effects across ages and domains of development, and it highlights the breadth of methods that can be recruited to investigate them. This new research focus provides insight for the mechanisms by which action affects perception and cognition and at the same time reveals that much remains to be learned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
People frequently analyze the actions of other people for the purpose of action coordination. To understand whether such self-relative action perception differs from other-relative action perception, the authors had observers either compare their own walking speed with that of a point-light walker or compare the walking speeds of 2 point-light walkers. In Experiment 1, observers walked, bicycled, or stood while performing a gait-speed discrimination task. Walking observers demonstrated the poorest sensitivity to walking speed, suggesting that perception and performance of the same action alters visual-motion processes. Experiments 2-6 demonstrated that the processes used during self-relative and other-relative action perception differ significantly in their dependence on observers' previous motor experience, current motor effort, and potential for action coordination. These results suggest that the visual analysis of human motion during traditional laboratory studies can differ substantially from the visual analysis of human movement under more realistic conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
8.
An experiment was conducted to test hypotheses derived from Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance concerning changes in the perception of a partner's pleasantness and competence following the discovery of unpleasant characteristics of the partner. College women who received information indicating their partner for a problem-solving task was very unpleasant rated her as less unpleasant than women who received identical information about someone who was not their partner. Those who received information indicating their partner was very unpleasant rated her as more competent than women who received information indicating their partner had fewer unpleasant characteristics. Whether they had chosen to work with the partner or were assigned had no significant effects on their ratings of her pleasantness or competence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
Reviews the book, Cognitive neuroscience: The biology of the mind by M. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun (1998). This excellent book on cognitive neuroscience provides an exposition of the key areas concerned in cognitive neuroscience for the advanced student in adult neuropsychology and/or biological psychiatry. The authors' aim to balance theory with neuropsychology utilizing neuroscientific evidence to support a theoretical basis is a major contribution of this text. In this book there has been a concerted effort to provide a theoretical basis for cognitive neuroscience in addition to a list of empirical evidence. Such an effort provides a backdrop for future research as well as linking various cognitive functions into an understandable whole. This volume provides an excellent overview of brain anatomy and function. The book is highly readable and provides excellent illustrations of complex material. The main weakness of this volume for school psychologists is the emphasis on adult disorders with no real discussion of the most common childhood disorders. Although the text assumes some familiarity with neuroanatomy, it is useful for practitioners who desire more up-to-date information in this exciting field. This volume would be an excellent textbook for courses in biological bases of behavior for doctoral-level school psychologists, provided there is accompanying information on child neuropsychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
Reviews the book, Cognition by John G. Benjafield, et al. (2010). Cognition (4th ed.) provides a comprehensive introduction to cognitive psychology for undergraduate students and others who require an overview of the area. New in the fourth edition is a chapter on cognitive neuroscience. The reviewer only has one criticism of Benjafield et al.: Citations for published works in every chapter that also appeared in the third edition stop around 2007 or earlier (when the third edition was published). Cognition is a book that will appeal to those looking for a high-level, scholarly survey of cognitive psychology. It is this aspect of Cognition that sets it apart from most other textbooks that cover cognitive psychology. Yet, despite its scholarly approach, it remains an engaging text that makes the reader want to keep reading more: a delicate balance, but one that Benjafield et al. manage with aplomb. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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As a demonstration of ways in which the burgeoning work in neuroscience and cognitive psychology have important relevance for psychoanalysis, samples are offered from the literature of the past 9 months. Reports address such topics as neural transmission at the cellular level; a revolutionary new instrument capable of recording neurons at work in the brain; the latest data on the effect of psychotropic drugs on children; the research validity of measuring emotional expression (e.g., do baby rats cry); longitudinal work on inhibited children; the importance of implicit cognitive processes; emotion, attention, and the amygdala; and recent findings about glutamate, "the workhorse of the brain," and how its deleterious effects in neurodegenerative disorders may be modulated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
13.
In 3 experiments, the authors investigated the bidirectional coupling of perception and action in the context of object manipulations and motion perception. Participants prepared to grasp an X-shaped object along one of its 2 diagonals and to rotate it in a clockwise- or a counterclockwise direction. Action execution had to be delayed until the appearance of a visual go signal, which induced an apparent rotational motion in either a clockwise- or a counterclockwise direction. Stimulus detection was faster when the direction of the induced apparent motion was consistent with the direction of the concurrently intended manual object rotation. Responses to action-consistent motions were also faster when the participants prepared the manipulation actions but signaled their stimulus detections with another motor effector (i.e., with a foot response). Taken together, the present study demonstrates a motor-visual priming effect of prepared object manipulations on visual motion perception, indicating a bidirectional functional link between action and perception beyond object-related visuomotor associations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
The McMaster University Brain and Behaviour Research Programme was initiated in 1977 with the purpose of facilitating inter-departmental and inter-faculty discussion and collaborative research concerning brain-behaviour relationships in a broad perspective. In planning the lecture for 1983, it seemed that a topic in the area of cognitive neuroscience might be suitable, preferably one of a general nature that would be of interest to several disciplines. This article discusses the history of and planning for the lecture and how the invitees were chosen. The symposium was transcribed, and what follows are edited versions of the presentations by the authors and editors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Research has suggested that perception and action are independent (see M. A. Goodale & A. Haffenden, 1998). The authors used the Ebbinghaus illusion to test this hypothesis in 2 experiments. Verbal reports of perceived size were compared with maximum grip aperture during grasping (Experiment 1) and manual reports of perceived size (Experiment 2). A multidimensional signal detection analysis was used to distinguish among the possible interactions between the two processes in each experiment (H. Kadlec & J. T. Townsend, 1992a, 1992b). In Experiment 1, the percepts were independent, and there were no interactions between processes for verbal and visuomotor responses. In Experiment 2, the percepts associated with verbal and manual reports were independent, but the processes interacted at the levels of the stimulus information and the decision rules used to transform each percept into a response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
16.
Reviews the book, Neuroscience of cognitive development: The role of experience and the developing brain by Charles A. Nelson, Michelle de Haan, and Kathleen M. Thomas (see record 2006-09288-000). The goal of this book is to provide a state-of-the-art introduction to the neural bases of cognitive development. The first chapter reviews different aspects of brain development. Chapter two illustrates how experience induces changes in the developing brain as well as in the adult brain, and addresses the question of similarities and differences between neural plasticity in children and adults. The next chapter introduces different methods to study the brain and discusses advantages and disadvantages of each method. In Chapters four through eleven, the authors review the current knowledge about the neurological bases in a number of key areas of cognitive development. The book should be of interest to psychologists who seek a thorough review of the neurological bases associated with various cognitive abilities in infants and children. It might also usefully accompany a graduate course on developmental neuroscience, keeping in mind that the book presupposes a good grasp of neuroanatomy, and of the methods used in the study of the brain. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
17.
Posner and Snyder have proposed that semantic priming involves two processes: Automatic spreading activation and consciously directed attention. According to this view, activation will spread from the node in memory for the prime to nodes for related words. This facilitates response to related words, but does not produce inhibitory effects. Attention, however, is viewed as a slow serial process that produces both facilitation and inhibition effects, but only at a long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). An alternative model has been developed based on a paper by Walley and Weiden. According to our model, facilitation effects are attributed to spreading activation in a network of neurons. Our model differs from Posner and Snyder's model in that we assume that automatic spreading activation, if strong enough to cause neurons to discharge, will produce inhibitory effects through a mechanism of recurrent lateral inhibition. Consequently, this model predicts that if spreading activation is strong enough, responding to unrelated target words will be inhibited even though attention is not directed to the related target. It is possible that even with strongly related prime-target pairs, spreading activation may not be sufficient to cause neurons to discharge and generate lateral inhibition without some additional facilitation resulting from effort-induced arousal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
Past studies investigating trends in psychology have reported some conflicting and surprising results. This article critiques and reevaluates these reports, with a particular focus on those related to the cognitive revolution and the place of neuroscience in psychology. Based on a wide variety of indicators, the following trends are demonstrated: (a) Although cognitive psychology has grown in importance, it has not come to dominate psychology; (b) contrary to prior findings, attention to neuroscience in psychology has grown in a pattern similar to that of cognitive psychology; and (c) there are many signs that cognitive neuroscience is in the process of emergence. Trends are interpreted in light of the argument that psychology is a disunified discipline allowing for many different interests, schools, and approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
19.
The relation between experimental work in perception in the Soviet Union and the orthodox philosophy of the Soviet state is discussed. It is pointed out that both the philosophy derived from Lenin and Marx and the needs of the state exert an influence on the nature of the problems studied and the type of theory developed. Studies in the areas of tactual, auditory, and visual perception are reviewed. These are considered against the background of Leont'ev's motor-copy theory of perception, currently the most systematic Soviet approach to perception. Certain other studies in visual perception conducted in the context of Uznadze's theory of set, as well as some mathematical approaches to perception not fitting into any general theoretical frame are also briefly reviewed. (3 p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
20.
Recent advances in cognitive science and neuroscience (CSN) have allowed scientists to begin to address questions that were heretofore considered the province of the humanities. Growing out of a 2007 conference at Bucknell University, this volume explores recent research in many different areas that combines the methods and perspectives of both the humanities and CSN. This introduction argues that the barriers to such work (such as the opposition between objective scientific research and subjective humanistic research) are purely of our own making and in no way absolute; it further asserts that the articles herein demonstrate that the potential benefits of interdisciplinary study far outweigh the risks. There is no fixed method for interdisciplinarity. Its success depends on respect for the particulars of each research question and the imagination to see what combinations of different disciplines might work best. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献