原位TiB_2/Al复合材料制备及凝固过程研究

利用原位法制备了TiB2/Al复合材料。根据X-射线衍射图探讨了增强相形成机制,测定了材料凝固动态曲线并分析了影响凝固的3个主要因素,采用扫描电镜研究了材料的拉伸性能。结果表明,当B2O3与TiO2的摩尔比为1.0时,反应式为:3TiO2+10Al+3B2O3→5Al2O3+3TiB2。影响材料凝固的3个主要因素是颗粒在母相中的分布,B2O3与TiO2的摩尔比以及反应温度。材料的强化主要是TiB2颗粒的弥散强化(即奥罗万机制)和TiB2为形核核心作用所导致的晶粒细化,材料的断裂属于TiB2颗粒被拔出而形成的微孔聚集型韧性断裂。     

STABILITY OF WHISKERS AND INTERFACIAL MICROSTRUCTURE IN ALUMINUM MATRIX COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY K_2O·8TiO_2 WHISKERS

ＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＷＨＩＳＫＥＲＳＡＮＤＩＮＴＥＲＦＡＣＩＡＬＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＩＮＡＬＵＭＩＮＵＭＭＡＴＲＩＸＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＥＳＲＥＩＮＦＯＲＣＥＤＢＹＫ_２Ｏ·８ＴｉＯ_２ＷＨＩＳＫＥＲＳ￥ＬＩＪｉｈｏｎｇ;ＮＩＮＧＸｉａｏｇｕａｎ...     

添加NH_4AlO（OH）HCO_3原位生成Al_2O_3/Al复合材料的制备及其性能

碳酸铝铵与熔融的铝液反应原位生成颗粒增强铝基复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损行为进行研究。结果表明：在搅拌的铝熔体中碳酸铝铵发生分解反应生成γ-Al2O3;该原位反应的增强颗粒比直接添加的Al2O3在铝熔体中分布得更均匀;复合材料的密度和硬度随着增强相加入量的增加而提高,而强度则随着增强相加入量的增加而降低;磨损率随着增强相加入量的增加和载荷的增加而提高;原位反应生成的复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性明显优于直接添加Al2O3颗粒形成的复合材料的。     

纳米SiC颗粒增强ADC12铝基复合材料的制备及性能

采用机械搅拌和超声分散相结合的方法制备出了纳米SiC颗粒增强ADC12铝合金基复合材料,并对制备出的复合材料进行微观结构分析和力学性能测试.结果表明,与基体合金相比,当纳米SiC颗粒的含量为2.0%时,所制得的复合材料的抗拉强度、弹性模量、断面收缩率及硬度分别提高23%、43%、160%和7.4%.用扫描电镜对试样拉伸断口的形貌和SiC颗粒的分散情况进行观察,发现纳米SiC颗粒在基体内呈均匀的弥散分布,没有发现大的团聚.同时,纳米SiC颗粒的均匀分布起到了阻碍或者阻止裂纹产生和扩展的作用.     

热处理对金刚石/2024Al复合材料微观组织和热物理性能的影响

采用挤压铸造法制备粒径为5μm、体积分数为50%的金刚石/2024Al 复合材料。退火处理后对其金相组织界面反应、界面结合情况以及金刚石颗粒的内部缺陷进行观察与分析,并对其热物理性能进行测试与研究。结果表明,金刚石/2024Al 复合材料的组织致密,无明显的气孔、夹杂等缺陷;颗粒为不规则多边形,有棱角,分布比较均匀。透射电镜观察表明,部分金刚石颗粒内部有位错和层错存在,而2024Al 基体中的位错密度较大,金刚石/2024Al界面处有较多的界面反应物生成,可能为Al2Cu。复合材料在20~100°C温度区间内的平均热膨胀系数为8.5×10-6°C-1,退火处理的复合材料其热膨胀系数有一定程度的降低;随着温度的升高,复合材料的平均热膨胀系数也呈现增加的趋势。复合材料的热导率约为100 W/（m·K）,退火处理能够提高复合材料的热导率。     

Al-Zr-O-B体系反应生成颗粒增强复合材料的研究

采用Al-Zr-O-B体系熔体反应生成了颗粒增强铝基复合材料。对其反应的热力学探讨结果表明,850℃的起始条件下反应可以自发进行。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对生成的复合材料组织进行了分析,表明生成的增强相为Al2O3、Al3Zr和ZrB2,呈颗粒状,弥散分布,随反应物加入量的增加,复合材料的抗拉强度上升,伸长率下降。     

搅拌铸造SiC_p/A356复合材料的显微组织及力学性能

采用搅拌铸造技术制备质量分数为15%的SiCp增强A356铝基复合材料,并对所制备的复合材料进行后续热挤压变形。通过金相观察(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)及力学性能测试等手段,对该复合材料显微组织与力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,所制备的复合材料铸态组织中,SiCp较均匀地分布于基体中,SiCp与Al界面处存在Si原子的富集;热挤压变形后,显微气孔等铸造缺陷明显减少,材料致密度显著提高,SiCp沿热挤压方向呈流线分布特征,颗粒均匀分散性明显提高;采用535℃×5h固溶+180℃×5h时效处理后,热挤压棒材的力学性能为:σs=370MPa,σb=225MPa,δ=5.3%,时效后析出强化相大小约为200nm,且弥散分布于基体中;断口分析表明,SiCp/A356铝基复合材料的断裂主要是由基体的塑性断裂及SiCp的断裂导致的。     

碳化硅颗粒增强Al基复合材料的新型制备工艺

综述了碳化硅增强铝基复合材料的几种主要制备工艺,重点阐述了高能超声半固态复合法制备SiCp／Al复合材料。首先用渗流法制备SiC体积分数高的SiCp／Al预制块,进行SiC预分散,然后将预制块加入处于半固态温度条件下的铝合金熔体中,最后导入超声波进行搅拌。此法很好地改善了增强颗粒与基体之间的润湿性,使SiC在基体中均匀分布。     

非晶颗粒增强纯铝基复合材料的组织与性能

采用机械合金化制备了Al70Ni17Ti13非晶粉末,在450℃下采用无压烧结-热压工艺烧结制备了铝基复合材料,研究了不同含量的非晶粉末的加入对纯铝基复合材料显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的硬度随着增强体含量的增加逐渐增加,但其抗拉强度随着增强体含量的增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。复合材料的显微硬度由纯铝的46 HV0.01提高到195.3 HV0.01,效果显著。当非晶粉末颗粒体积分数为10%时,抗拉强度达到最大值为196.6 MPa,相比纯铝抗拉强度性能提升了113%。当非晶粉末颗粒体积分数为15%时,复合材料的耐蚀性能最佳。     

Mechanical Properties of Squeeze-Cast A356 Composites Reinforced With B4C Particulates

In this study, different volume fractions of B₄C particles were incorporated into the aluminum alloy by a mechanical stirrer, and squeeze-cast A356 matrix composites reinforced with B₄C particles were fabricated. Microstructural characterization revealed that the B₄C particles were distributed among the dendrite branches, leaving the dendrite branches as particle-free regions in the material. It also showed that the grain size of aluminum composite is smaller than that of monolithic aluminum. X-ray diffraction studies also confirmed the existence of boron carbide and some other reaction products such as AlB₂ and Al₃BC in the composite samples. It was observed that the amount of porosity increases with increasing volume fraction of composites. The porosity level increased, since the contact surface area was increased. Tensile behavior and the hardness values of the unreinforced alloy and composites were evaluated. The strain-hardening behavior and elongation to fracture of the composite materials appeared very different from those of the unreinforced Al alloy. It was noted that the elastic constant, strain-hardening and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the MMCs are higher than those of the unreinforced Al alloy and increase with increasing B₄C content. The elongation to fracture of the composite materials was found very low, and no necking phenomenon was observed before fracture. The tensile fracture surface of the composite samples was indicative of particle cracking, interface debonding, and deformation constraint in the matrix and revealed the brittle mode of fracture.     

Al_3Ti和Al_2O_3增强铝基复合材料的XD合成

通过XD(ExothermicDispersion)法原位反应生成Al2 O3 与Al3Ti复合增强的铝基复合材料 ,结果表明Al/TiO2 经充分混合、挤压成坯后 ,在真空炉中以一定的升温速率加热至 10 73K左右时发生剧烈的化学反应。由SEM ,XRD及能谱分析可知 :生成物Al2 O3 呈等轴颗粒状 ,Al3Ti呈棒状。主要分析了反应过程的热力学并简要说明了影响XD合成的主要因素     

Microstructure and thermal expansion of Ti coated diamond/A1 composites

A titanium coating fabricated via vacuum vapor deposition for diamond/Al composites was used to improve the interfacial bonding strength between diamond particles and Al matrix, and the Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites were prepared by gas pressure infiltration for electronic packaging. The surface structure of the Ti coated diamond particles was investigated by XRD and SEM. The interfacial characteristics and fracture surfaces were observed by SEM and EDS. The coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) of 50% (volume fraction) Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites was measured. The Ti coating on diamond before infiltration consists of inner TiC layer and outer TiO₂ layer, and the inner TiC layer is very stable and cannot be removed during infiltration process. Fractographs of the composites illustrate that aluminum matrix fracture is the dominant fracture mechanism, and the stepped breakage of a diamond particle indicates strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix. The measured low CTEs (5.07×10⁻⁶−9.27×10⁻⁶K⁻¹) of the composites also show the strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix.     

废弃玻璃／铝基复合材料的组织和性能

利用搅拌熔铸法将废弃玻璃颗粒加入到熔融的基体合金ZL105中,制备出了废弃玻璃／铝基复合材料,研究了复合材料的微观组织,力学性能及断裂机理,结果表明,玻璃颗粒较均匀地分布于基体中,与基体发生界面反应;与基体合金相比,废弃玻璃颗粒的加入提高了复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度,在低载荷下,复合材料的摩擦性能优于基体合金,由于玻璃颗粒形状较尖锐,尺寸大小不均,并存在加工缺陷,有碍于大幅度提高复合材料的性能。     

Enhanced thermoelectric performance of Bi_2Se_3/TiO_2 composite

Bi_2(Te,Se)_3 alloys are conventional commercial thermoelectric materials for solid-state refrigeration around room temperature.In recent years,much attention has been paid to various advanced thermoelectric composite materials due to the unique thermoelectric properties.In this work,Bi_2Se_3/TiO_2 composites were prepared by hot pressing the plate-like Bi_2Se_3 powders coated in situ with hydrolyzed hytetabutyl-n-butyl titanate(TNBT),and therefore numerous TiO_2 in micrometer size could be formed on the interface of Bi_2Se_3 grains.The carrier concentration in Bi_2Se_3 matrix is optimized subject to the addition of n-type semiconductor TiO_2,contributing to a significant improved power factor.In the meantime,the lattice thermal conductivity is also suppressed due to the enhanced phonon scattering at Bi_2Se_3/TiO_2 interface and amorphous TiO_2 particles.As a consequence,a peak figure of merit(zT) of 0.41 is obtained at 525 K in Bi_2Se_3/15 mol% TiO_2 composites,nearly 50% augment over the pristine Bi_2Se_3 binary compound.     

原位自生TiB2/7050复合材料的高周疲劳断裂机制

TiB₂/7050铝基复合材料在航空发动机等领域具有重要的应用前景。本文研究了TiB₂颗粒质量分数为4%的原位自生7050铝基复合材料在T6热处理状态下的室温高周疲劳性能,利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的疲劳断裂机制进行分析。结果表明:在应力比R=?1、指定寿命为3×107周次时,TiB₂/7050铝基复合材料的疲劳强度为211.9 MPa,高于7050铝合金的疲劳强度;疲劳裂纹萌生源主要分布在近样品表面的夹杂、大尺寸的TiB₂颗粒及显微孔洞等区域;疲劳裂纹的扩展在遇到TiB₂颗粒带时,疲劳条带的宽度会明显减小,即TiB₂颗粒提高了复合材料的抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力,使得复合材料具有高的疲劳寿命。     

原位合成铝基复合材料凝固组织中TiB2粒子的特征

分析了原位合成制备的ＴｉＢ２ 粒子强化铝基复合材料不同凝固组织中ＴｉＢ２ 粒子的分布规律和形貌特征。研究结果表明, ＴｉＢ２ 在该复合材料中细化晶粒的作用较弱, 但有明显的聚集倾向, 其聚集程度与熔炼方式和加热温度有关; 经半固液成型处理的组织中ＴｉＢ２ 的分布特征未改善; 六边形和长条形ＴｉＢ２ 可以是同一形态的粒子在空间不同方位的表现, 六边形ＴｉＢ２ 的侧面为｛１２１０｝ 面; 测定了ＴｉＢ２粒子的尺寸分布。     

玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝基复合材料的界面结构及力学行为

采用喷射成形技术制备7A04铝合金及玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝合金复合材料,利用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析复合材料微观组织和界面结构,对比研究复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:玄武岩颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布,并与铝基体形成强力结合界面,玄武岩颗粒边缘的SiO2不断被反应生成的Al2O3取代,形成一层几十纳米厚度的高温反应层,反应生成的Al2O3强化玄武岩颗粒与铝基体的结合界面;弥散分布的玄武岩颗粒促进基体中位错增殖、空位形成和析出相的析出,析出相主要以板状的η(MgZn2)相和亮白色条状或椭球状的T(Al2Mg3Zn3)相为主,结合界面、高位错密度及弥散分布的第二相显著提高复合材料的力学性能,添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金复合材料的屈服强度和极限拉伸强度分别达667 MPa和696 MPa,与未添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金相比分别提高10.4%和10.1%。     

Dependence of dielectric properties on BT particle size in EP/BT composites

The polymer-ceramic composites of epoxy resin (EP) and barium titanate (BT) were prepared.BT powders of different BT particle sizes from 100 nm to 1 μm were used in the preparation.The dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and electrical breakdown strength, of the EP/BT composites were studied.The morphology of the composites was characterized by the means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results show that the dielectric constant of the composites is much higher than the epoxy matrix at frequency range from 1 kHz to 10 MHz, and it is also obviously dependent on the size of BT particles.The electrical breakdown strength of the composites decreases with the increase of the BT content.The dependence of electrical breakdown strength on BT particle sizes was also discussed.     

不同磨料粒度下WC体积分数对铁基表面复合材料磨损性能的影响

用负压铸渗工艺制备了WC/HT300基表面复合材料,研究了WC体积分数和冲蚀磨损浆料中的颗粒粒度对复合材料的抗冲蚀磨损性能的影响。对于同一种WC颗粒体积分数的复合材料,当浆料中的石英砂粒度大时,复合材料的体积磨损率较大,抗冲蚀磨损性能降低。WC体积分数为27%和36%的表面复合材料具有比其他WC体积分数复合材料优越的耐磨损性能;在磨料粒度为40~70目的工况下,WC体积分数为36%的复合材料,具有比体积分数为27%的复合材料优越的耐磨性能;但在磨料粒度增大到20~40目时,WC体积分数为27%的复合材料,具有比WC体积分数为36%的复合材料优越的耐磨损性能。     

颗粒增强Al－4％Mg复合材料中显微孔隙的分析

探讨了Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＣ、ＳｉＯ２等三种颗粒增强Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ复合材料凝固组织中显微孔隙的形成规律．结果表明：前者显微孔隙是由Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒加入导致熔体粘度增加、颗粒堵塞枝晶间的补缩流动通道以及颗粒与基体合金的热膨胀系数的差异三种因素所引起；第二种材料由于气孔易在ＳｉＣ颗粒表面形核，或者ＳｉＣ颗粒与基体结合较弱，使得该复合材料比前者易形成显微孔隙；第三种复合材料，是由于ＳｉＯ２颗粒与基体间发生了界面反应，一定量的Ｓｉ溶入了基体，增大了基体的凝固潜热，从而提高了基体合金凝固时的补缩流动能力，所以ＳｉＯ２ｐ／Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ复合材料的凝固组织比同样条件下Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｐ／Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ和ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ复合材料致密。