丙三醇对两种不同醇型防冻液冰沸点影响因素探究

防冻液的全称应该叫防冻冷却液,防冻液是一种含有特殊添加剂的冷却液,主要用于液冷式发动机冷却系统,防冻液具有冬天防冻,夏天防沸,全年防水垢,防腐蚀等优良性能。本文通过研究丙三醇对乙二醇/水、丙二醇/水体系冰沸点的影响,探究比较合理的配比方案,从而为今后防冻液的生产与改进提供一定的帮助。     

甘油对乙二醇—水和甲醇-水体系凝固点的影响

乙二醇与甲醇类防冻液被广泛应用于内燃机的冷却系统,但具有较大的环境危害性。作为一种环境友好型可再生资源,甘油也可以大大降低水的凝固点。文章利用差示扫描量热法测定了一定量甘油对乙二醇/水、甲醇/水体系凝固点的影响,对新型环境友好型防冻液的发展具有重要的参考价值。     

甲缩醛—甲醇—甲醛—水四元系的汽液平衡

甲缩醛－甲醇－甲醛－水四元系的汽液平衡邱祖民骆赞椿胡英（南昌大学化工系,南昌３３００２９）（华东理工大学化工系,上海２００２３７）关键词沸点仪汽液平衡甲缩醛甲醇甲醛甲醛虚拟饱和蒸汽压１前言甲缩醛－甲醇－甲醛－水四元系的汽液平衡数据为甲缩醛氧化制甲醛...     

甲缩醛—甲醇—水三元系的汽液平衡

甲缩醛－甲醇－水三元系的汽液平衡邱祖民骆赞椿胡英（南昌大学化工系，南昌３２００２９）（华东理工大学化工系，上海２００２３７）关键词沸点仪汽液平衡甲缩醛甲醇１前言在浓醛生产中需要甲缩醛－甲醇－水三元系的汽液平衡数据，此前尚未见过报导。本文试图以文献［１...     

甲醇双塔精馏中萃取水对产品水溶性的影响

影响甲醇水溶性的有机杂质有2类:①一类杂质来源于预精馏塔的釜液,一些沸点较精甲醇高的高级醇类,主要集中在预精馏塔塔釜,并经主精馏塔入料泵进入主精馏塔内,可通过加大主精馏塔侧线杂醇油采出量的方式去除这类杂质;②一类杂质能与产品甲醇形成共沸的C5以上高级烷烃类物质,其沸点大多数都比甲醇高,并且能与甲醇形成低沸点共沸物,该共沸物沸点要比甲醇低,导致粗甲醇精馏中有机杂质浓度增大,精馏过程中加入萃取水可很好地脱除这类杂质。     

汽车防冻液的配方及制备方法设计

随着国家生产力的不断提高和汽车性能的不断提升,国民对汽车防冻液的要求也不断提高,其不仅要求防冻液有完美的防腐蚀和防冻功能,更要求其沸点和耐高温的性能也能够不断提高,为内燃机的使用提供最优的条件。从汽车防冻液的性能出发,通过防冻液的不同种类简要分析了其配方确定,其中主要阐述了聚脲润滑脂制备原材料的选择和方法设计,希望对汽车防冻液的发展起到推动作用。     

煤制乙二醇废液制防冻液试验研究

对以煤制乙二醇废料为原料生产防冻液的工艺进行研究,对相关的生产工艺进行了探讨,并分别从防冻液外观、颜色、气味、冰点、沸点、泡沫倾向、玻璃器皿腐蚀等指标要求进行了分析。结果表明,以煤制乙二醇废液为原料生产防冻液技术上可行,产品指标能满足国标要求。     

DMC-甲醇-水三元混合物的萃取精馏分离工艺

运用Aspen Plus软件回归文献数据校正了碳酸二甲酯（DMC）-水（H₂O）混合物的UNIQUAC热力学模型参数,并以该模型为基础分析了水作为萃取剂萃取精馏分离DMC-甲醇（CH₃OH）-水三元混合物的分离原理,结合混合组分的三角相图和物料组成设计了反向萃取精馏工艺,发现选用水为萃取剂可以利用DMC-水的部分互溶特性,通过三塔精馏即可分离DMC-甲醇-水三元混合物,沸点较高的DMC和少量水由塔顶馏出,而沸点较低的甲醇和大部分水由塔底采出,避免了DMC-甲醇二元共沸物的形成。同时,在相同分离要求下设计了变压精馏工艺,通过对两个精馏工艺参数模拟优化,发现萃取精馏工艺的总冷凝负荷和总加热负荷分别为888.7kW和898.2kW,其总能耗较变压精馏工艺节约了47.2%,萃取精馏工艺的年总费用（TAC）比变压精馏工艺下降了48.8%。     

“四合一”汽车防冻液的研制

“四合一”汽车防冻液的研制杨俊柱（安徽省化工研究院合肥市２３００４１）１前言本文目的是寻找一种既能降低结冰点、又能防锈、防腐蚀、除垢具有协同效应的冷却液。２实验原料２．１组份的选择汽车防冻液主要用乙二醇和甲醇类。因乙二醇能降低水的冰点，其６０％（Ｖ／...     

甲醇－水、甲缩醛－甲醇和甲缩醛－水系统的汽液平衡

用泵式沸点仪测定了常压下甲醇－水、甲缩醛－甲醇、甲缩醛－水三个二元系在不同液相组成时的沸点，并用间接法由ＴＰｘ推算了与之平衡的汽相组成。用最小二乘法求出了三个二元系的液相活度系数模型参数，由模型参数推算的三个二元系的泡点与实验值能很好的吻合。     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

Sintering of Cr2O3 in H2/H2O Gas Mixtures

Sintering of Cr₂O₃ was performed at 1530°C under low pO₂ close to the Cr–Cr₂O₃ equilibrium generated by H₂/H₂O gas mixtures. Addition of 1 wt%ZrO₂ and 0·1 wt%MgO increases the density of Cr₂O₃ from 97% TD to nearly full density. Rapid densification and the higher density are attributed to the appearance of a transient CrO liquid phase as a result of the presence of ZrO₂ and MgO under the sintering conditions. A grain size reduction is also achieved owing to the presence of ZrO₂ particles and the possible formation of a MgCr₂O₄ spinel at grain boundaries. There is no connection between densification and loss of material due to evaporation. ©     

TNT的O3/H2O2降解规律

利用自制装置,采用连续投加O3、H2O2的方式,研究了O。／H：O：对废水中TNT的降解规律。结果表明,与Oa作用相比,O3／H2O2工艺可显著提高TNT的降解率,还可避免中间产物的形成与积累;在试验研究条件下,H2O2：O3的最优摩尔比为1,最佳初始pH值在11左右,利用缓冲溶液可维持反应体系pH值的稳定,但不利于O3／H2O2功效的发挥,反应适合在常温下进行,尽量避开40℃左右;动力学特征分析表明,O／H2O2降解TNT偏离伪一级反应动力学规律。     

Investigation of the Phase Equilibria of CO2/CH3OH/H2O and CO2/CH3OH/H2O/H2 Mixtures

The storage of excess electricity from renewable energy sources is nowadays a crucial topic. One promising technology is the methanol (CH₃OH) synthesis from H₂/CO₂ mixtures. The achievable one‐pass conversion is limited within this exothermic equilibrium reaction. A possibility to overcome this limitation would be withdrawing CH₃OH and H₂O from the gas phase through in situ condensation under reaction conditions. In this work, the phase equilibrium for mixtures representative for different degrees of conversion was studied. A view cell was employed to determine systematically the single‐ and two‐phase regimes and obtain phase envelopes for mixtures of H₂, CO₂, CH₃OH, and H₂O from 66 to 305 °C and 61 to 233 bar. Furthermore, the densities in the single‐phase area were determined and quantified by an empirical model.     

过氧化氢/水体系中纤维素非均相接枝制备高吸水材料

在H2O2／水体系中进行了纤维素与丙烯酸非均相接枝聚合，制备了可吸去离子水达700多倍、自来水达400多倍的高吸水材料，考察了聚合时间、交联剂用量、纤维素用量及不同预处理因素对接枝产物吸水性能的影响，并对接枝反应的引发机理作了探讨。     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

H2O2/H2O溶液冷冻干燥制备HA多孔陶瓷

以H2O2/H2O结晶体为模板冷冻干燥法,制备出片层孔及圆孔的双孔型羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)支架,观察了支架的双孔形貌,分别研究HA浆料初始固含量和孔隙率、冷冻温度和孔径尺寸之间的关系.结果表明:当初始浆料固含量在20vol％ ～ 45vol％之间变化时,可以制得孔隙率在79％ ～ 54％的多孔陶瓷支架,孔的连通性较好,支架孔隙率随着浆料固含量的降低而升高;当冷冻温度分别为-20℃、-50℃、-80℃时,平均片层间距及圆形孔孔径尺寸分别为550～1000 μm,800 ～ 1000 μm;450 ～800 μm,550 ～750 μm;330 ～380μm,450 ～ 500 μm;支架的孔径尺寸随着冷冻温度的降低而减小,两种形貌孔道在孔壁上呈树枝状相连通,有利于细胞的攀附和生长.     

Enhanced Bactericidal Effect of O3/H2O2 Followed by Cl2

With the appearance of chlorine resistant microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in drinking water, significant attention has been drawn to the sequential application of multiple disinfectants including ozone, chlorine dioxide, and UV as a primary disinfectant. However, few studies have reported about the inactivation behavior of ozone-based AOP (advanced oxidation process) or its sequential application combined with other disinfectants. This is especially important since ozone itself experiences difficulty in the inactivation of these pathogens, especially at low temperatures: This study investigates the enhanced inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by the presence of an OH radical in the O₃/H₂O₂ system and the synergistically enhanced inactivation in the application of the O₃/H₂O₂ system followed by Cl₂. The results suggest that the O₃/H₂O₂ process can be considered as one of the viable alternatives when O₃ alone does not satisfy the disinfection requirement.