用DCT块空间关系实现DCT域图像任意尺度的变换

在研究Jiang等提出的块DCT系数和其子块的 DCT系数之间的空间变换关系的基础上,结合DCT系数的性质,提出了一种直接在DCT域实现图像任意尺度倍数变换的快速有效算法,该算法不仅可实现锁定纵横比的图像尺度变换,也可实现不锁定纵横比的图像尺度变换.实验证明,该方法效果较好且运算速度快,可应用于基于DCT域压缩图像的尺度变换.     

一种基于块均值的盲检测水印算法

提出了一种新颖的盲检测水印算法.该方法是一种利用图像块的DCT系数的算术均值来隐藏水印信息的盲检测水印算法,该算法在提取水印时不需要原始公开宿主图像,并且对常见水印攻击方法JPEG攻击具有良好的稳健性.     

基于形态学膨胀和差分缩减的DCT域嵌入式图像压缩算法

提出了一种基于形态学膨胀操作和差分缩减的DCT域图像编码方法,该方法根据块内DCT系数的聚集特性和块间DCT系数的相似性,使用形态学膨胀算子优化DCT重要系数的编码,并对重要性检测和符号编码精心设计了上下文自适应算术模型,有效去除了块内、块间DCT的统计相关性;使用差分缩减方式对各DCT系数聚类簇的起始位置和稀疏系数进行编码,提高对不重要DCT系数的编码效率;算法还结合预处理和后处理滤波器,进一步提高编码效率的同时可有效抑制解码图像的方块效应.编码器基于位平面实现,码流具有渐进性.实验结果表明本文算法的编码性能普遍优于目前主流的图像编码器,例如在0.25 bpp下,Lena和Barbara图像的峰值信噪比分别较JPEG2000提高0.4dB和1.7dB.     

显微视觉系统中自动聚焦技术的研究

在聚焦评价算法的研究中,本文首先对传统的离散余弦变换(DCT)算法和最小核值相似区(SUSAN)算法进行改进,然后结合改进后的DCT算法和SUSAN算法提出一种新的聚焦评价算法,该算法结合频域评价算法和空间域评价算法各自的优点,使聚焦曲线在单峰性,局部极值点和灵敏度等方面与传统算法相比有较大改善。在聚焦窗口的研究中,本文提出一种基于图像子块重要程度加权的聚焦窗口选择方法,该方法以总梯度变化率作为图像子块重要程度因子,将重要程度因子值小于阈值的图像子块视为背景子块,去除背景子块后剩下的部分为聚焦窗口。新的聚焦窗口选择方法能实现动态的区分目标区域与背景区域。     

基于YCoCg-R颜色空间与离散余弦变换的自适应彩色图像水印算法

目的为了解决当前彩色图像水印技术的水印容量和不可感知性不佳等问题,设计基于YC_oC_g-R颜色空间和离散余弦变换的自适应图像水印算法。方法首先,将载体图像从RGB空间转换到YC_oC_g-R空间,计算Y,C_o,C_g这3个颜色分量;随后,引入离散余弦变换DCT对Y分量进行处理,获取相应的DCT系数;引入模糊聚类分析,将DCT低频系数视为局部特征,利用SVM机制对DCT低频系数进行训练分类,确定出适合嵌入水印的DCT系数;设计水印嵌入机制,将水印数据隐藏到合适的DCT低频系数中;借助可逆DCT方法,将Y分量从频域变换到空域;联合初始的C_o与C_g分量,将其变换到RGB空间,输出水印图像;最后,通过相应的水印提取方法,复原初始水印信息。结果测试数据表明,与当前水印方法相比,所提技术具有更高的不可感知性与水印容量,其水印图像的PSNR值为43.67 dB,且其允许的水印容量可超过1 bits,在多种攻击下,复原水印的质量更高,相关系数NC均超过了0.92。结论所提技术能够较好地将水印信息隐藏在载体图像中,具有较高的鲁棒性和安全性。     

基于受损区域运动特征的时域错误隐藏算法

为解决视频压缩数据在网络传输中的误码或丢包问题,提出了一种适用于数字视频编码标准H.264的时域错误隐藏算法。该算法结合H.264中多尺寸编码块模式的特点,通过对受损块邻域块的模式分析来判定受损块模式,并针对各子块的运动类型分别建立相应的运动矢量候选集,从而选择最优运动矢量重建受损块。实验结果表明,该算法有效增强了对复杂运动区域重建的适应性,在不同的网络丢包率环境下均可实现较好的主观和客观重建图像质量。     

一种新的多重水印算法

水印对多种攻击的鲁棒性仍然没有得到很好的解决.针对单一水印在受到多种攻击时无法保证足够鲁棒性的问题,提出了一种DCT域的多重鲁棒水印算法.首先对原始图像进行采样,并把图像分成两组,采用两种不同的调制方式,即抖动调制和基于选择块的DCT系数调制嵌入有意义的二值图像水印.与已有算法相比,加水印图像可以获得更好的质量.在DCT的不同频率分量中嵌入水印,保证了水印图像在受到常见的各种攻击之后至少有一个清晰可见.实验结果表明了算法能有效地抵抗常见的信号处理攻击,并且当存在多种攻击的时候,至少有一个水印图像清晰可见,从而为版权保护提供证据.     

变换域加密全息水印算法

提出了一种基于DCT-DWT的彩色图像全息水印算法。为了保证水印信息的安全性,该算法首先对水印信息进行双随机相位调制,并生成水印全息图;其次,将载体图像在Lab空间内的L分量进行4×4分块,对每一分块进行DCT变换,抽取每个矩阵的中低频系数,组成一个新的矩阵,并对之进行小波分解,将水印全息图嵌入到它的中低频小波系数上。实验结果表明,基于DCT-DWT变换的水印算法具有较好的不可见性,对常见的攻击具有强鲁棒性。     

基于视觉内容分析和遗传算法优化的鲁棒图像水印算法

目的为了兼顾水印图像的不可感知性与鲁棒性,利用DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)变换域,设计载体视觉内容分析耦合遗传算法优化的鲁棒图像水印技术。方法首先,将载体图像分割为一系列的非重叠子块,并引入奇异值分解机制,定义视觉内容分析方法,获取每个子块的活性因子,活性因子值较大的子块为水印嵌入位置;利用DCT机制处理活性因子值较大的子块得到相应的直流系数;联合结构相似度SSIM、峰值信噪比PSNR以及归一化相关系数NC,并基于权重因子设计适应度函数,通过执行遗传算法寻找最优的嵌入强度;根据优化的嵌入强度构建水印嵌入方法,将二值水印隐藏到这些直流系数中,通过逆DCT变换输出水印图像;设计水印检测方法,从水印图像中提取二值水印。结果实验数据显示,与当前基于变换域的水印技术相比,所提算法具有更高的视觉不可感知性与抗几何攻击能力,面对多种几何攻击,所提算法的PSNR与NC值分别保持在45 dB,0.96以上。结论所提算法能够较好地将水印信息隐藏在载体中,具有较高的视觉不可感知性与抗几何攻击能力,在版权保护、信息防伪等领域具有较好的参考价值。     

一种基于压缩视频的红外图像预处理算法

文章讨论了在DCT域中进行红外视频图像预处理的可能性,并提出了一种基于DCT域的压缩视频预处理算法.该算法通过DCT域低通滤波、系数变换和对比度拉伸实现了红外图像的增强处理.仿真结果表明,提出的算法克服了对视频压缩、解压再处理的弊端,提高了系统的整体性能和响应速度,改善了视频图像的视觉效果.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...