两性表面活性剂（八）——两性表面活性剂的合成

较为详细地介绍了烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱、磺基甜菜碱及其他若干种甜菜碱型表面活性剂的合成,并比较了其中一些合成路线,特别是磺基甜菜碱的几种合成方法。对咪唑啉中间体、两性咪唑啉合成中的主要副产物及两性咪唑啉的开环结构进行了报道。对氨基酸型两性表面活性剂的原料胺、长链烷基氨基酸及烷基低聚氨基酸的合成方法也进行了讨论。     

沥青乳化剂的研制

本文是以环烷酸和二乙烯三胺为原料,经酰化和环化反应合成咪唑啉中间化合物,进而利用硫酸二甲酯对咪唑啉进行季胺化反应,生成阳离子表面活性剂,对合成工艺条件进行了探索,并用此表面活性剂制备了乳化沥青,经测定证实具有良好的性能。     

羧酸盐型咪唑啉磷酸酯的合成与结构表征

以脂肪酸、羟乙基乙二胺、丙烯酸乙酯、五氧化二磷和氢氧化钠等为原料合成了一种羧酸盐型咪唑啉磷酸酯两性表面活性剂。研究了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量对反应的影响,通过IR和HNMR对其结构进行了表征,并采用K12表面(界面)张力仪测定了其水溶液的表面张力。结果表明:最终产品中磷酸酯的含量为84%,该咪唑啉两性表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为17.64 mg/L,最低表面张力(γcmc)可达28.58 mN/m。     

咪唑啉型两性表面活性剂的研究——烷基咪唑啉的两性化及产品的物化性能

通过N-(β-羟乙基)-2-烷基咪唑啉与氯乙酸钠反应,合成了八种具有不同烷基的咪唑啉两性表面活性剂,对产品的结构、组成及分折手段进行了探讨,测定了产品的表面张力与起泡性能,其中月桂酸咪唑啉两性表面活性剂具有较好的物化性能。     

咪唑啉两性乙酸钠表面活性剂的合成研究进展

综述了水相中咪唑啉两性乙酸钠表面活性剂的合成工艺。主要介绍了咪唑啉中间体的合成方法、影响因素以及环状咪唑啉中间体的水解;重点阐述了咪唑啉两性乙酸钠可能存在的化学结构以及咪唑啉中间体与氯乙酸钠反应的条件;分析了影响咪唑啉两性乙酸钠黏度和稳定性的因素。     

高级脂肪胺及其衍生物的应用前景

简要介绍高级脂肪胺的种类、合成路线及性能。重点综述了高级脂肪伯胺和叔胺的应用,主要是在制备阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂等方面的应用;同时概述了仲胺、二胺、多胺及其衍生物的应用。最后对高级脂肪胺及其衍生物的发展提出了几点建议。     

阳离子咪唑啉表面活性剂的合成

以脂肪酸和二乙烯三胺为原料 ,经过酰化和环化制得中间体 2 烃基酰胺乙基咪唑啉 ,进而利用硫酸二甲酯活泼的甲基对咪唑啉环上的氮原子进行季铵化反应 ,生成季铵盐型阳离子咪唑啉表面活性剂。对合成路线和工艺条件进行了探讨 ,对目标产物作了分析和测定 ,证实它具有良好的性能。     

两性表面活性剂在洗涤用品中的应用

介绍了两性表面活性剂的分类、性能以及咪唑啉型、二乙醇胺型、甜菜碱型、氨基酸型的最新合成方法和性能特点,简述了两性表面活性剂在洗涤用品中的应用.     

两性表面活性剂的合成方法

文章重点论述了甜菜碱两性表面活性剂、咪唑啉型两性表面活性剂和氨基酸型两性表面活性剂合成方法,简单介绍了各类两性表面活性剂的结构特点、表面性能、化学性能、配伍性能以及适用性,并进一步对其优缺点进行了叙述,为两性表面活性剂在石油化工、精细化工等行业中的应用奠定了基础。     

双子型咪唑啉季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及其性能研究

以四乙烯三胺和月桂酸为原料,通过酰胺化反应制得了1,2-二((十一碳烷基)咪唑啉-1-基)乙烷,然后用硫酸二甲酯进行季铵化反应,得到了一种双子型咪唑啉季铵盐表面活性剂,并对其结构和性质进行了一系列分析.两步反应所得产物均通过红外光谱、核磁共振进行了鉴定.并证明所得双子型咪唑啉季铵盐表面活性剂具有优良的表面性能.     

Amphoterics in household detergents

Amphoteric surfactants are widely known for their extreme skin kindness, decreasing the irritation of otherwise irritant surfactants, especially anionics, giving low-irritant shampoo ingredients. New high quality amphoteric compounds have been developed. These new amphoterics offer exciting possibilities in several new application areas. Considerable development work has been undertaken to investigate new detergent formulations based on these novel amphoterics. Because of the very low concentration of Ampholak 7TX, the formulations give most effective products with low biological load. Data concerning the increasingly important subject of biodegradability and toxicity are shown. This includes both primary and inherent biodegradability and toxicity of metabolites.     

Analysis of cationic and amphoteric surfactants: IV. structural analysis of the amphoteric surfactants obtained by the reaction of 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline with ethyl acrylate

Structural analysis of amphoteric surfactants obtained by the reaction of l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline (HEAI) with ethyl acrylate or β-propiolactone has been investigated. These amphoteric surfactants were hydrolyzed under aqueous alkaline media, followed by acid hydrolysis to afford fatty acids and diamine derivatives. By the analysis of the resulting fatty acids, it has been found that ethyl acrylate adds to the carbon atom alpha to an imidazoline ring in the absence of solvent. On the other hand, the resulting diamine derivatives were identified by the isolation and their syntheses, and were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. Based upon the results of their analyses, it has been demonstrated that the reaction products can be divided into three types. In addition, on reaction of HEAI with β-propiolactone, it was found that quaternization at the nitrogen atom of 3-position occurred selectively.     

无盐咪唑啉两性表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸及丙烯酸衍生物为原料,采用两步法成功合成出了无机盐含量≤0．06％的无盐咪唑啉。产品外观澄清透明,与阴离子、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂配伍性良好。在硬水中有较好的发泡能力,与同类产品（咪唑啉）相比,刺激性更小,特别适用于婴儿洗浴等产品配方中。     

利用生物质资源，发展表面活性剂

以生物质资源代替化石资源开发精细化学品是当前化学工业的一个发展趋势。开发表面活性剂的生物质资源有纤维素、木质素、淀粉、甲壳素、油脂和松脂等。重点介绍了以松脂为原料开发的表面活性剂,包括阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性表面活性剂。     

Synthesis of polyfunctional fatty amines from sophorolipid-derived 17-hydroxy oleic acid

A series of mono- and diamines and one triamine have been prepared using methyl 17-hydroxy oleate as the common starting material. The 17-hydroxy oleate is an abundant bioderived material obtained from acid alcoholysis of sophorolipids, which in turn are produced by fermentation of agricultural by-products. Incorporation of the amino unit(s) can be selectively performed at either end of the chain or at its middle. The chief synthetic reactions used are allylic bromination, Curtius rearrangement, and the Mitsunobu reaction. These fatty amines also possess functionality such as hydroxy groups, carboxylic acids, and C−C double bonds. The amines are isolated in protected form using a variety of protecting groups, the identities of which can be selected on the basis of the intended use of the amine. These novel compounds will be of interest in the preparation of highly functionalized polymers and surfactants, among other areas.     

Analysis of cationic and amphoteric surfactants: V. structural analysis of the amphoteric surfactants obtained by the reaction of 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline with sodium monochloroacetate

Structural analysis of the amphoteric surfactants obtained by the reaction of l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline (HEAI) with sodium monochloroacetate has been carried out. These amphoteric surfactants were hydrolyzed under aqueous alkaline media, followed by acid hydrolysis to afford fatty acid and diamine derivatives. The resulting diamine derivatives were identified by the isolation and their syntheses, and were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. Based upon the results of these analyses, it has been found that the reaction products can be divided into two typical types. The reaction products have simpler compositions than those of ethyl acrylate. However, these amphoteric surfactants are characterized by the presence of appreciable amounts of hydrolysis products of amides, soap and free diamine derivative XI.     

表面活性剂复配体系的分析

介绍了一种使用经典的分析技术定量测定液体皂、皂胶、洗衣皂及香皂中存在的皂类、脂肪酸、非离子表面活性剂及除肥皂以外的阴离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂混合物的分析方法。这种方法克服了分析混合表面活性剂系统时常常会碰到的问题。     

松香系列表面活性剂的合成和应用

介绍了国内外以松香及其衍生物为原料合成松香系列表面活性剂的主要方法，松香与环氧乙烷加成可得到松香聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂；松香聚氧乙烯和氯磺酸可合成阴离子表面活性剂；松香胺与环氧乙烷反应生成松香胺聚氧乙烯，再与氯乙醇季铵化得到阳离子表面活性剂；松香和二乙烯三胺反应，得到的酰胺与氯乙酸反应可合成两性表面活性剂。松香系列表面活性剂用途非常广泛，可作为乳化剂、洗涤剂、杀菌剂、润湿剂和降黏剂等，并对今后研究工作重点提出了建议和展望。     

Industrial uses of palm,palm kernel and coconut oils: Nitrogen derivatives

Palm, palm kernel and coconut oils are sources of fatty acids that can be converted to other oleochemicals that have many applications. This paper describes manufacturing procedures, product characteristics and uses for many fatty acids, alcohols, primary amides, monosubstituted amides, diamides, disubstituted amides, nitrites, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, diamines, quaternary ammonium compounds, amphoterics, amine oxides and polyoxyalkylene alkylamines.     

脂肪叔胺制备技术进展

主要从3方面综述了脂肪叔胺制备技术的研发进展。介绍了脂肪叔胺的市场情况及主要用途,其主要作为制备阳离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂的重要中间体,这2类表面活性剂的主要品种可作为消毒杀菌剂、缓蚀剂、抗静电剂、织物整理剂以及个人护理用品中的活性成分等;重点阐述了脂肪叔胺的制备工艺过程,此工艺的技术关键是催化剂的制备,包括催化剂组分的筛选及其制备过程,目前主要采用的是多元金属复合催化剂,多以Cu与其他金属元素复合;简要回顾了脂肪醇催化胺化技术的发展概况,并对脂肪叔胺制备技术的进一步发展提出了建议。