铀纯化循环中乙异羟肟酸净化锆的研究

为了考察Purex流程铀纯化循环采用乙异羟肟酸(AHA)纯化铀时锆的净化效果,进行了模拟2D槽萃取段和洗涤段条件下锆的单级分配实验以及模拟2D槽工艺的试管串级实验.单级实验结果表明,增大AHA浓度或降低洗涤酸度都有利于降低锆的分配比;对含铀体系,当磷酸二丁酯(HDBP)的浓度低于0.1 mol/L时,基本不影响锆的净化效果.在以0.2 mol/L AHA-0.5 mol/L HNO3为洗涤液,第8级进料、8级萃取、8级洗涤,流比(2DF/2DX/2DS)为1:0.48 :0.06工艺条件下进行了2次2D槽串级实验,结果表明,铀中锆的净化系数分别为3.2×104,4.3×104.     

乙异羟肟酸预处理对钌的净化行为研究

本工作研究了乙异羟肟酸（AHA）浓度、酸度、温度及时间等因素预处理对钌（Ru）净化的影响。结果表明，提高AHA浓度、降低预处理酸度，Ru的分配系数（D（Ru））降低，有利于对Ru的净化；提高预处理温度，延长预处理时间，D（Ru）值降低，预处理效果明显。     

预处理过程对Np(Ⅴ)稳定性的影响

为了提高Purex流程铀纯化循环2D槽中镎的净化效果,研究了Np(Ⅳ)氧化条件,考察了用硝酸肼对钌进行预处理的过程中,预处理试剂浓度、酸度、温度、时间等不同预处理条件对Np(Ⅴ)稳定性的影响.结果表明,在0.2 mol/L酸度、85℃下保温2h,可以将料液中97％的Np(Ⅳ)氧化为Np(Ⅴ)或Np(Ⅵ).预处理时离子强...     

单甲基肼还原Np(Ⅴ)的反应动力学

用分光光度法研究了HNO3介质中单甲基肼(MMH)还原Np(Ⅴ)的动力学行为.通过考察还原剂浓度和酸度等条件对Np(Ⅴ)动力学过程的影响,确定了反应的动力学速率方程为-dc(Np(Ⅴ))/dt=kc(Np(Ⅴ))c0.36(MMH)c(H+),在温度θ=35℃,离子强度为2 mol/L时,反应速率常数k=0.004 79(mol/L)-1.36/min.研究了离子强度、c(U(Ⅵ))和温度对反应的影响.结果表明,离子强度和c(U(Ⅵ))对反应速率无显著影响;反应活化能为60.43 kJ/mol,随着温度的升高,反应速率加快.并在此基础上推测了可能的反应机理.     

水合二氧化锰(HMD)和水合五氧化二锑(HAP)用于HNO_3溶液中Sr、Cs、Zr、Ru、Se、Ce和Sm的去除研究

研究了水合二氧化锰(HMD)和水合五氧化二锑(HAP)对铀的吸附性能,以及在HNO3溶液中对Sr、Cs、Zr、Ru、Se、Ce和Sm的吸附性能。HMD和HAP在硝酸铀酰溶液中不吸附铀。HMD在0.2 mol/LHNO3溶液中对Zr、Ru和Se的吸附性能较好,HAP在0.2 mol/L HNO3溶液中对Sr、Cs、Ce和Sm的吸附性能较好。含有Sr、Sm、Ru、Ce、Zr和Se混合元素的0.2 mol/L HNO3依次通过HMD和HAP柱吸附后,元素基本被全部吸附。研究结果表明,HMD和HAP可以用于HNO3溶液中Sr、Sm、Ru、Ce、Zr、Cs和Se等医用同位素生产堆燃料溶液中主要裂变产物元素的去除。     

硝酸体系中Tc(Ⅶ)与乙异羟肟酸的反应动力学研究

采用溶剂萃取法研究了HNO₃溶液中乙异羟肟酸（AHA）与Tc(Ⅶ)的相互作用。结果表明,有AHA存在时,Tc在30%TBP/煤油HNO₃体系中的分配比随反应时间下降,在实验条件下反应50 h后Tc在两相中的分配基本达到平衡,分配比D_Tc降至0.03,这表明Tc(Ⅶ)能被AHA还原为亲水性的低价Tc配合物［Tc^Ⅱ(NO)(AHA)₂H₂O］⁺;溶液吸收光谱显示,反应产物在428 nm（ε＝2 559 L·mol^-1·cm^-1）和565 nm处有吸收峰。通过溶剂萃取法得到Tc(Ⅶ)还原反应的表观反应速率方程式为r＝-dc(Tc(Ⅶ))/dt＝k′c(Tc(Ⅶ))c^1.6(AHA),在18 ℃下,c(AHA)＝1.0 mol/L,c(HNO₃)＝0.50 mol/L时半反应时间t_1/2＝16.5 h。进一步研究了溶液中有Pu(Ⅳ)存在时AHA与Tc(Ⅶ)的作用以及Tc分配比的变化。结果表明：Pu(Ⅳ)的存在会加快Tc(Ⅶ)转化为低价态亲水性配合物,而Pu的分配比在过程中基本不变。     

30%TBP-正十二烷/硝酸体系中浓钚的分配行为

研究了温度、水相中硝酸浓度和水相中钚浓度对30%TBP-正十二烷/硝酸体系中浓钚(两相平衡后水相中Pu(Ⅳ)质量浓度为0.35～11.1g/L时)的分配比D(Pu)的影响。研究结果表明:25℃下,当硝酸浓度大于1.5mol/L时,D(Pu)随着钚浓度的增高而下降;当酸度为0.4mol/L时,钚浓度对钚分配比影响不大。当两相平衡后水相中Pu(Ⅳ)质量浓度为1.34～3.80g/L,水相中硝酸浓度分别为1.5mol/L和3.0mol/L时,在25～60℃范围,钚的分配比随温度增加而增大,最大增大率为39.4%。25℃下,当酸度分别为1.5mol/L、3.0mol/L和4.5mol/L时,30%TBP-正十二烷作为萃取剂时Pu的分配比比根据文献计算出来的30%TBP-煤油体系的值要大一些。但酸度为0.4mol/L时,两个体系中Pu的分配比接近。     

萃取色层分离ICP-AES测定医用同位素生产堆(MIPR)燃料纯化试验样品

阐述了用电感藕合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定医用同位素生产堆(MIPR)燃料纯化试验中产生的各类样品的分析方法,研究了磷酸三丁脂(TBP)萃淋树脂分离含铀样品中大量基体铀的分离条件.结果表明,用TBP萃淋树脂分离含铀样品中大量基体铀的分离条件是:待分离样品的体系为3mol/L的HNO3,淋洗液为3mol/L HNO3和0.2mol/L H2C2O4混合溶液.添加元素Ce、Ru、Se、Sm、Sr、Zr分离回收率在93%～106%之间.     

高氯酸、硝酸体系中乙异羟肟酸与

分别在HClO4和HNO3体系中用分光光度法研究了乙异羟肟酸(AHA)与HNO2的反应动力学,得到其反应动力学速率方程式为:—dc(HNO2)/dt=k.c(HNO2)1.c(AHA)0.75.c(HClO4)0.5和—dc(HNO2)/dt=k.c(HNO2)1.c(AHA)0.25.c(HNO3)1。在HClO4体系中,当θ=5℃,I=0.5 mol/kg时,反应速率常数k=(2.37±0.21)L1.25/(mol1.25.s);在HNO3体系中,当θ=10℃,I=0.5 mol/kg时,反应速率常数k=(0.482±0.048)L1.25/(mol1.25.s)。同时考察了反应温度对反应速率的影响。结果表明,在HClO4和HNO3体系中,随着温度的升高,反应速率均明显加快,反应活化能分别为99.0 kJ/mol和46.9 kJ/mol;随着离子强度的增加,氧化还原反应的表观速率常数k′均有所增加,但增幅不明显。     

单甲基肼预处理对2D槽中钌的净化研究

通过单级条件实验研究单甲基肼或肼浓度、预处理酸度、温度等因素对钌预处理效果的影响。采用确定的条件进行了模拟铀纯化循环2D槽的串级实验，获得了1CU料液经单甲基肼预处理后钌的净化系数（DF（Ru））。串级结果列于表1。结果表明，单甲基肼作为预处理试剂提高钌净化的效果明显，较料液中未加预处理试剂的净化系数提高近8倍。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.