开放式MRI永磁型主磁体的匀场方法

以开放式永磁型MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)主磁体为研究对象,将人工的匀场过程与整数线性规划理论相结合,提出了基于中心磁场参照的匀场方法。建立无源匀场数学模型,并采用Lingo软件进行求解,引入数值分析方法计算小磁片阵列的影响值。数值分析及现场匀场实验均验证了该匀场方法可将成像区磁场的均匀度提高近50%。     

开放式永磁机构无源匀场方法

针对永磁磁共振成像磁体系统无源匀场技术面临的困难,提出了无源匀场的整数规划优化方法.在无源匀场优化模型建立过程中,采用实测法来获得单位垫片对基础磁场的影响,并利用磁性垫片产生的磁场来弥补各测试点的磁场偏差.该方法避免了解析求解磁性垫片产生磁场过程中所遇到的困难.通过对优化模型的求解获得匀场信息,实现计算机匀场,从而提高匀场的工作效率.为了验证所提出的匀场方法的正确性,在0.3T永磁磁共振成像磁体系统上进行了实验研究,实验结果充分证明了所提出的匀场方法的有效性.     

核磁共振成像超导主磁体设计及分析

本文论述了不同结构的核磁共振成像超导主磁体设计的原理与计算机算法。编出的设计程序考虑了超导体的超导特性、磁场均匀性要求、磁体的经济性以及磁体结构选择等各方面的因素。用此程序对一系列具有不同磁体结构、不同中心场强、不同孔径要求的MRI超导主磁体进行设计计算及分析,获得了一些对实际设计MRI超导主磁体有参考价值的数据。此外,该程序还适用于其它具有圆柱对称性的高均匀度超导磁体的设计计算。     

Halbach磁体中柱面匀场线圈的设计方法

Halbach磁体场强高、体积小,是永磁台式核磁共振波谱仪的理想磁源。为开发高分辨永磁台式核磁共振波谱仪,需要使Halbach磁体的磁场达到高度均匀。引入在超导磁体中被广泛使用的鞍型线圈,设计了一种由鞍型线圈组成、能够对Halbach磁体的横向磁场进行补偿的柱面匀场线圈。仿真和实验结果证明了设计方法的正确性。     

磁共振成像永磁体的无源匀场方法

为设计仿真分析算法计算磁共振成像(MRI)永磁体无源校正磁片的匀场位置和数量,根据永磁体磁场样本数据建立磁场数学模型,分析主磁场分布特征,利用磁场理论详细研究校正磁片磁场特性,提出极值定位方法计算匀场半径,规范匀场贴片位置.为减少磁片用量,避免磁场重复校正,采用极值优先校正原则设计了逐次逼近算法进行匀场计算,能够准确算出匀场所需校正磁片数量.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地指导无源匀场工作,得到满意的匀场效果.     

一种结合快速L_1范数最小化算法的柱面匀场线圈目标场设计方法

目标场方法由Turner于1986年提出,到目前为止该方法已成为核磁共振成像系统中匀场、梯度线圈设计的一种主流方法。各种改进的目标场方法纷纷涌现。为解决线圈设计中的有限尺寸问题,Forbes和Crozier提出了一种新方法,该方法预先通过三角函数来约束线圈面上的电流密度分布,为克服方程求解过程中的病态问题,对电流密度表达式中的待定系数采用最小均方差(least square,LS)和L2范数相结合的方法来进行估计,成功得到了有限长匀场线圈的设计结果。该文采用最小均方差和L1范数结合的方法来对面电流密度分解表达式中的未知系数进行估计,并将该方法应用于核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)系统的匀场线圈设计中。系统主磁体长度为3 m,室温孔直径为1.6 m,目标区域(region of interest,ROI)直径为0.4 m。算例采用Matlab仿真平台,结果表明该文提出的LS-L1目标场方法相比于传统的LS-L2目标场方法磁场偏差更小、效果更好。     

核磁共振成像用永磁体不均匀场的调整

核磁共振成像,要求磁体有尽可能高的均匀磁场.本文介绍使用匀场线圈,调整永磁体磁场均匀度的原理和方法.文中给出调试时,使用计算机程序的框图,并用一次调试实例,说明测试磁场的方法,问题的关键和改进意见.     

开放式低场永磁MRI磁体的匀场方法研究

在开放式低场永磁MRI(magnetic resonance imaging,磁共振成像)生产中,磁体匀场是提高质量和效率的关键技术之一.为解决国内匀场方法缺乏完整理论指导的问题,本文使用磁场球谐函数展开式分析主磁场情况并制定匀场方案.对展开式的低阶项,主动匀场方法十分适用,而对无法使用线圈的特殊情况或消除高阶项时需进行被动匀场.实验中有一组匀场线圈需要较大电流,此时采用永磁材料代替线圈可以达到很好的补偿效果.     

核磁共振成像永磁磁体

磁体系统是核磁共振成像装置主要部件之一。它要求在一个大范围空间内产生高度均匀的磁场,磁场强度在0.1～2.0特(1特=10000高斯),磁场均匀度要求10~(-4)～10~(-6)。实现这样的磁场可以有三条途径:(1)常规电磁磁体;(2)超导电磁体;(3)永磁磁体。前两种磁体系统已在核磁共振成像装置中获得广泛应用,后一磁体系统原先只在一些小型核磁共振波谱仪中应中,最近才开始在核磁共振成像装置中采用。未能广泛采用的原因可能是:(1)永磁大型磁体系统成本较高;(2)永磁磁体系统较重;(3)技术上有一定难度。但是,永磁磁体系统有它一定的特点,即它没有昂贵和复杂的附加设备,如高稳定度大功率励磁电源。因而它的操作维护比较简便,深受使用者欢迎。虽然永磁磁体的一次投资较大,但比常规电磁体节约能源,节省     

超导MRI柱面梯度线圈的目标场设计方法

采用目标场方法设计了一组超导核磁共振成像系统梯度线圈.该梯度线圈固定在半径为0.8 m、长3m的圆柱形骨架上,目标区域位于该圆柱中心,半径为0.2 m,梯度场强为40 mT/m.在该方法中,电流密度在柱坐标系下被分解为三角级数之和,接着通过Biot-Savart定律求出轴向磁场强度表达式,再通过基于目标场的Tikhonov正则化算法把待定三角系数的求解问题转化成线性方程组的求解,并通过流函数技术得到线圈的实际绕线分布,最后进行磁场偏差分析,分析结果表明,所设计线圈的磁场偏差远远小于通常所要求的5％.此外,该方法不仅适用于柱面梯度线圈设计,对于超导磁共振成像系统的有源匀场线圈设计也同样适用.     

Design of actively shielded main magnets: an improved functional method

An improved functional approach for designing MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) main magnets with active shielding is presented. By nulling one or two external moments as well as a certain series of internal moments of the magnetic field, new designs with improved shielding in combination with or without shorter magnet lengths are obtained. The improved method can be employed to design short and practical superconducting magnets at any given field strength. The resulting designs yield the desired field homogeneity inside the region of interest without using superconducting shim coils. This approach requires only a modest amount of computing power. One of the design steps, a contour plot of the continuous current solutions, can be utilized to study stretch goals for favorable design parameters.     

Monitoring and correcting spatio-temporal variations of the MR scanner’s static magnetic field

The homogeneity and stability of the static magnetic field are of paramount importance to the accuracy of MR procedures that are sensitive to phase errors and magnetic field inhomogeneity. It is shown that intense gradient utilization in clinical horizontal-bore superconducting MR scanners of three different vendors results in main magnetic fields that vary on a long time scale both spatially and temporally by amounts of order 0.8–2.5 ppm. The observed spatial changes have linear and quadratic variations that are strongest along the z direction. It is shown that the effect of such variations is of sufficient magnitude to completely obfuscate thermal phase shifts measured by proton-resonance frequency-shift MR thermometry and certainly affect accuracy. In addition, field variations cause signal loss and line-broadening in MR spectroscopy, as exemplified by a fourfold line-broadening of metabolites over the course of a 45 min human brain study. The field variations are consistent with resistive heating of the magnet structures. It is concluded that correction strategies are required to compensate for these spatial and temporal field drifts for phase-sensitive MR protocols. It is demonstrated that serial field mapping and phased difference imaging correction protocols can substantially compensate for the drift effects observed in the MR thermometry and spectroscopy experiments.     

基于组合优化方法的螺线管型超导磁体的建模和电磁优化

本文针对目前超导应用系统中广泛采用的螺线管型超导磁体的设计问题,提出了综合考虑磁体储能、漏磁和体积的优化问题.以单螺线管磁场计算为基础,用矢量叠加的方法计算多螺线管磁体的漏磁和最大磁场,从而建立了用于优化的螺线管型超导磁体的电磁模型.借助多学科优化设计软件Isight,采用全局搜索和传统数学规划相结合的优化方法,对所建立的电磁模型进行了优化计算.结果表明应用这种组合方法进行螺线管型超导磁体电磁优化,能取得满意的结果.     

Evaluation of influence of external magnetic disturbance on superconducting magnet taking conservation of linkage flux into account

External magnetic disturbance influences the quality of the image obtained with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system because it causes magnetic resonance frequency drift. When a superconducting magnet in persistent current mode operation is exposed to external magnetic disturbance coil current varies to keep linkage flux constant. Conventional analysis is usually formulated with constant current and does not provide correct evaluation of drift of magnetic field in the magnet. This paper proposes a method of numerical analysis of magnetic field considering conservation of linkage flux in a superconducting magnet under a persistent current mode operation. This method is applied to evaluate drift of the magnetic field in a superconducting magnet for magnetic resonance imaging due to external magnetic disturbance. Analysis results show good agreement with the experimental results.     

螺线管线圈磁场的高精度计算方法及其比较

在某些场合，需要对螺线管线圈产生的磁场进行高精度计算。例如超导核磁共振成像磁体，要求在中心为０．３５－０．５米的球径区域内产生的磁场，其不均匀度小于几个ｐｐｍ，因此磁场的计算精度至少应不低于七位有效数字。     

Pulsed gradient analysis using a dedicated magnetometer

In magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, knowledge of the magnetic field gradient behavior is very important. This work describes a simple way to characterize the temporal and spatial dependence of the main magnetic field when a gradient is switched. Records are performed with a home-built magnetometer. This device is controlled by a personal computer for recording and processing the NMR signals from an array of small probes spatially distributed and switched by the magnetometer. We present results of measurements on a 2-T superconducting magnet. These results show the residual defects of an active shielded gradient coils system.     

Challenges of short magnet design.

The desire to improve patient comfort and acceptance of high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems results in new approaches to magnet and other critical MRI component design. One such approach, based upon an anatomical field of view analysis, is presented in this paper. The approach is utilized to define imaging volume requirements for short, high field, solenoid magnet designs that maintain whole body imaging capability. A short magnet design with excellent magnetic field homogeneity is presented accordingly. Combined with a novel flared gradient coil the overall system achieves improvements in openness.