食盐添加量对海藻粉鸡肉糜品质的影响

为探究食盐对添加海藻粉(刺麒麟菜粉)鸡胸肉糜的影响,考察了食盐添加量对鸡胸肉糜的pH值、色泽、乳化稳定性、盐溶蛋白溶解度、蒸煮损失、冻融损失、质构、持水性、弛豫时间T_2及微观结构的影响。结果表明:pH值、L*和W值随食盐添加量的增加而显著下降,a*值先上升后下降,添加1.5%时达最大值;添加食盐可显著减少蒸煮损失和冻融损失,提高持水性;乳化稳定性随食盐添加量的增加而显著下降,盐溶蛋白溶解度逐渐提高;低场核磁共振表明加入食盐会使T_(22)峰面积减小;扫描电镜显示适量食盐能使肉糜形成较小的孔洞,凝胶网络结构更加均匀致密。添加海藻粉可以显著降低盐的用量,同时可以得到理想的低盐鸡肉糜产品。     

卡拉胶结合超高压处理对鸡胸肉糜品质的影响

以鸡胸肉为原料,研究超高压处理对添加卡拉胶鸡肉糜制品品质的影响。以失水率、蒸煮损失率、色泽和TPA参数为测定指标,选定卡拉胶添加量、压力水平、保压时间3个因素进行单因素实验;在此基础上进行正交实验,得出:卡拉胶添加0.6%、压力400 MPa、保压5 min时,鸡肉糜制品有最佳处理效果:失水率达62.41%、硬度达12641.72 g,凝胶效果较佳。研究结果表明,卡拉胶结合超高压处理能够提高鸡肉糜制品的出品率,改善鸡肉糜制品的凝胶效果。     

超高压处理对虾滑预制菜品质特性的影响

为探究超高压（ultra-high pressure,UHP）处理对虾滑品质特性的影响,以对虾虾滑为研究对象,考察了不同压力（200～400 MPa）和保压时间（5～20 min）对虾滑色泽、持水性、蒸煮得率、凝胶强度、质构特性和感官特性的影响。结果表明：不同压力和保压时间对虾滑的亮度值（L*）和白度值（W）影响不大,而红度值（a*）均较对照组显著降低,黄度值（b*）均增大。不同压力和保压时间对虾滑的持水性和蒸煮得率影响不同,但均在200 MPa下保压10 min时达到最大值,分别为84.17%和92.80%。与对照组相比,在不同压力和保压时间下,虾滑的凝胶强度、硬度、咀嚼性和弹性均降低,而内聚性无显著变化。感官评价结果表明超高压处理对虾滑的感官特性无负面影响,且在200 MPa下保压10 min的虾滑总体可接受性最接近对照组。因此,对虾滑进行200 MPa超高压处理10 min,可有效改善虾滑产品的蒸煮得率和质构特性。该结果为超高压技术在虾滑制品的开发中提供理论依据。     

高静压对鸡肉凝胶品质影响的试验研究

通过单因素试验,在压力100~400 MPa、保压时间15 min、室温条件下,考察高静压对低盐(食盐添加量1%)鸡肉凝胶色泽、pH值、持水性与质构品质的影响。研究结果表明:200 MPa以上的高静压可导致鸡肉凝胶亮度的显著下降、以及凝胶硬度、弹性和咀嚼性的显著增加;300 MPa以上的高静压可引起鸡肉凝胶pH值和黏结性的显著升高(P<0.05);100 MPa与300 MPa压力使鸡肉凝胶的蒸煮损失率CL低于对照组,而200 MPa压力导致CL升高(P<0.05);100~400 MPa的高静压对鸡肉凝胶的保水性无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,300 MPa的高静压可形成高硬度、高弹性与高黏结性、低CL值的低盐鸡肉糜凝胶制品。     

魔芋胶结合高静压处理对鸡胸肉糜品质的影响

本文以鸡胸肉为原料,研究高静压处理作用对添加魔芋胶鸡肉糜品质特性的影响。以蒸煮损失率、色泽和质构剖面分析(TPA)参数为测定指标,以魔芋胶添加量、压力水平、保压时间3个因素进行单因素实验;在此基础上进行正交实验,得出魔芋胶添加0.6%、压力200 MPa、保压5 min时,鸡肉糜制品有最佳处理效果。此条件下,鸡肉糜的蒸煮损失率为41.14%±0.81%,硬度11312.47 g,比未添加魔芋胶、未进行高静压处理的情况(蒸煮损失率50.83%±0.54%、硬度5774.36 g)有了很大的改善,出品率提高,凝胶效果较佳。研究结果表明,魔芋胶结合高静压处理可以降低鸡肉糜的蒸煮损失率、提高鸡肉糜制品的出品率,改善鸡肉糜的凝胶效果。     

添加魔芋胶及超高压对鸡胸肉糜失水率和硬度影响的研究

研究添加魔芋胶及超高压对鸡胸肉糜失水率和硬度的影响.通过单因素分析和正交试验,研究了超高压不同的压力、不同的时间,及不同魔芋胶添加量对鸡胸肉糜失水率和硬度的影响.结果 表明,最佳工艺条件为超高压保压时间15min、超高压200MPa、魔芋胶添加量0.6％.在此条件下,可保证肉糜的品质良好.     

多糖协同超声波处理对低盐鸡肉糜凝胶特性的影响

本实验分别采用添加壳聚糖（chitosan,CH）和瓜尔豆胶（guar gum,GG）协同超声波处理（ultrasonic treatment,UT）提升低盐鸡胸肉糜凝胶品质,并通过测定蒸煮损失率、硬度、色泽、流变特性、水分分布和观察微观结构以评估其效果。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加GG会显著提高凝胶白度（P＜0.05）,增加体系表观黏度,使更多自由水转化为不易流动水,减少微观结构中的孔隙,且在加热过程中GG填充至肉糜凝胶网络可改善其凝胶品质;添加CH会显著降低凝胶白度（P＜0.05）,降低体系表观黏度,使水分流动性减弱,CH通过与蛋白质发生交联改善凝胶品质。而在添加多糖的基础上协同超声处理可进一步降低凝胶蒸煮损失率,显著提高硬度（P＜0.05）。结论：多糖协同超声波处理是一种有效提升低盐鸡胸肉糜凝胶品质的方法,能够为低盐健康的肉糜制品开发提供理论支持。     

低盐白鲢鱼糜凝胶超高压制备工艺优化及凝胶特性

为了改善低盐鱼糜的凝胶特性,以凝胶强度和持水性为指标,采用响应面法优化了超高压制备低盐白鲢鱼糜凝胶的最佳工艺参数,并将优化后的超高压低盐鱼糜(1. 5%NaCl,300 MPa)与常压低盐鱼糜(1. 5%NaCl,0. 1 MPa)和常压普通鱼糜(2. 5%NaCl,0. 1 MPa)的凝胶品质(质构、凝胶强度、持水性、蛋白构象和微观结构)进行比较。结果显示,超高压制备低盐白鲢鱼糜的最佳工艺条件为压力300 MPa,保压时间10 min,温度25℃。此时,超高压低盐鱼糜凝胶强度可达258. 24 g·cm,较低盐对照组(203. 92 g·cm)提高了26. 04%,也显著(P 0. 05)高于普通鱼糜对照组(214. 87 g·cm),持水性也显著(P 0. 05)提高。超高压处理的低盐鱼糜凝胶内聚性、回复性显著(P 0. 05)增加。此外,超高压处理的低盐鱼糜凝胶的肌球蛋白重链(MHC)条带强度明显变弱,且形成的凝胶网络结构也更致密均匀。超高压技术能有效提高低盐白鲢鱼糜的凝胶品质。     

大豆分离蛋白及超高压对鸡肉凝胶色泽、保水和质构的影响

添加大豆分离蛋白(SPI)与超高压处理可以改善肉制品保水性、质构等品质.本研究侧重调查0～3.0%大豆分离蛋白添加水平、300MPa压力对鸡肉糜凝胶色泽、保水和质构的影响.结果表明,对于非受压鸡肉凝胶,其亮度与持水性随SPI添加浓度的增大总体上分别呈下降与上升趋势,并在大于等于2.5%时这种下降或上升程度显著;添加高于1.5%的SPI还可显著提高凝胶的硬度、弹性、黏结性与咀嚼性.对于300MPa的受压鸡肉凝胶,在低于2.0%的SPI添加浓度下,加压处理可以显著提高受压鸡肉凝胶的硬度、弹性、黏结性和咀嚼性;且能够降低凝胶的蒸煮损失率,从而提高产品的出品率.但此超高压也会导致受压鸡肉凝胶亮度值的减小.     

超高压对鲈鱼鱼糜品质与凝胶特性的影响

大黑口鲈是在沿海地区广泛养殖,群众喜食的鱼类。为研究超高压处理对鲈鱼鱼糜品质与凝胶特性的影响,分析了不同超高压处理条件(压力0、200、300、400 MPa,保压时间5、10 min)对于其品质和凝胶特性的影响,并与传统的热处理方式进行对比。经数据分析得出,菌落总数随压力增大和保压时间延长而减少,持水性呈先升高后降低的趋势,且在300 MPa-10 min时达到最大值。超高压处理过后的鱼糜白度(W)、亮度(L*)均有改善,其硬度、弹性也随压力和保压时间的升高而改善。当压力为300 MPa,保压时间10 min时,鲈鱼鱼糜改善程度最大,相较热处理有显著提升,是适宜的处理方式。     

低场核磁共振研究高压处理对乳化肠特性的影响

以低温乳化肠为材料,对0.1 ～ 400 MPa 压力处理组肉糜进行扫描电镜观察和低场核磁共振检测,评估加热后的感官特性,并进行相关性分析,从显微结构和水分子弛豫特性变化角度揭示高压处理对乳化肠感官特性改善的原因。结果表明：与对照组相比,压力从100 MPa 增大到200 MPa,感官特性得分增加,而200 MPa 到400 MPa得分减小（P ＜ 0.05）;扫描电镜结果显示各组肉糜显微结构存在明显差异;T2 弛豫结果显示,实验组T21 峰面积大于对照组而T22 峰面积小于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）,T21 弛豫时间在压力从100 MPa 增大到200 MPa 过程中升高,而在200 MPa 到400 MPa 降低（P ＜ 0.05）;相关性分析表明,感官特性各指标与T21 弛豫时间及其峰面积正相关,与T22 峰面积负相关（P ＜ 0.05）。因此,高压处理使自由水部分转化为不易流动水,并影响不易流动水与肉糜蛋白的结合程度,而转化比例和结合程度的强弱又会显著影响肉糜微结构及其加热后的感官特性。     

海藻膳食纤维对低脂低盐鸡肉法兰克福香肠品质的影响

以低脂低盐鸡肉法兰克福香肠为研究对象,探讨不同添加量（0.5%、0.75%、1%、1.25%、1.5%、1.75%）的海藻膳食纤维对其食用品质的改善效果。结果表明,随着海藻膳食纤维添加量的增加,低脂低盐鸡肉法兰克福香肠的蒸煮损失、L*值和b*值显著降低（P<0.05）,而乳化稳定性、弹性、回复性、脆性和感官评价（致密性、多汁性、风味和总体可接受性）显著增大（P<0.05）,且1.5%为最佳添加量（P<0.05）。扫描电镜结果表明海藻膳食纤维能够促进鸡肉蛋白凝胶形成致密的三维网状结构。因此,海藻膳食纤维能够提高低脂低盐肉糜体系的持水性和凝胶特性,进而改善产品的食用品质,为低脂低盐肉制品的开发提供技术指导。     

Technological and functional properties of reduced-salt pork batter incorporated with soy protein isolate after pressure treatment

To investigate the effects of different pressures (0.1–400 MPa), the techno-functional properties, water distribution and mobility of reduced-salt pork batters (1% NaCl) supplemented with soy protein isolate (SPI, 2%) were examined. Compared with the batters treated at 0.1 MPa, those treated at 100–300 MPa showed significantly increased the cooking yield, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and G′ values of gel and reduced the initial relaxation times of T_2b, T₂₁ and T₂₂, as observed from the results of low-field NMR. Among all samples, those treated at 200 and 300 MPa had the highest L^* value, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and G′ value of gel, with the largest peak ratio of P₂₁ and the smallest peak ratio of P₂₂. Overall, treatments at 200 and 300 MPa improved the gel properties and lowered the water mobility of reduced-salt pork batters supplemented with SPI.     

甲基纤维素添加量对低盐肉糜凝胶特性的影响

将甲基纤维素(methyl cellulose,MC)作为替代物加入肉糜中等量替代食盐,采用5个不同MC添加量(0％、0.4％、0.8％、1.2％、1.6％)即肉糜中的食盐质量分数分别为2％、1.6％、1.2％、0.8％、0.4％.通过测定肉糜凝胶的蒸煮损失率、色泽、质构、低场核磁共振横向弛豫时间(T2)以及流变特性,...     

Effect of high pressure processing on batters and cakes properties

High-pressure processing (HPP) is a novel non-thermal method that has shown great potential for reducing microbial loads, at temperatures below sterilization conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate microbial, physical and structural changes in highly pressured batters and their layer cakes as a function of pressure level (300–600 MPa) and holding time (3–6 min). Characteristics of the batter (microflora, density, microstructure, and rheological properties) and cakes (specific volume, weight loss, color, and texture) were analyzed. HPP decreased molds and yeast and aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts, especially at highest pressures, and increased the density, G′, and G″ of batters. Cakes from HP treated batters presented a lower volume, darker crust, and harder texture than cakes from untreated batters. Increased values for the specific volume were obtained when the pressure was raised. Further studies are required to minimize its negative effects on the quality of the cakes.Industrial relevanceIn view of the increasing interest in home-made baking products, food industry has developed new commercially prepared batter products, which also present the disadvantage of a short shelf life even in cool conditions. High pressure processing (HPP) reduced microbial populations of batters, at temperatures below sterilization conditions. In this study, changes in the internal structure and the physical properties of batters and their consequences in the characteristics of cakes were also studied. These results showed negative effects of HPP in some batters constituents, so further studies are required to investigate possible changes in formulation, which reduce these effects.     

High pressure processing of meat batters with added walnuts

Various model systems were designed in order to analyse the way in which addition of different levels of walnut (0, 10, 20%) and processing by high pressure (HPP) (400 MPa for 10 min at 10 °C) influenced the physico‐chemical properties of cooked (70 °C for 30 min) meat batters. The addition of walnut increased the fat level and decreased the moisture content in the meat batters. All of the meat batters exhibited good water and fat binding properties. The hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness of cooked products were reduced by addition of walnut but were unaffected by HPP. Incorporation of nuts in meat products can potentially be used to confer cardiac health benefits.     

High-Pressure Pretreatment to Improve the Water Retention of Sodium-Reduced Frozen Chicken Breast Gels with Two Organic Anion Types of Potassium Salts

The effect of high-pressure pretreatment (HPP, 100–300 MPa) before heating on the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking loss (CL) of sodium-reduced (1.35% NaCl) frozen chicken breast gels with the organic anion types potassium lactate (KL-gel) and potassium citrate (KC-gel) was investigated. The results showed that 100–300 MPa could significantly decrease the CL of both gels, and 200 MPa increased the WHC of the KC-gel (P?<?0.05). HPP could decrease the storage modulus (G′) of meat batters, increase the thermal stability of their proteins, facilitate gelation with a dense and uniform microstructure, and immobilize free water, thus improving the gel’s water retention. The water retention of the pressurized sodium-reduced gel varied with the organic anion types of salts. The water retention was better with pressurized KC-gel than with KL-gel, resulting from higher pH and thermal stability of the batters. These results indicate that proper HPP could improve the water retention of sodium-reduced meat gels with organic potassium salts, thus increasing the economic benefit and properties of sodium-reduced products from frozen meat.     

High pressure processing on microbial inactivation,quality parameters and nutritional quality indices of mackerel fillets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) (100, 300 or 500 MPa for 2 or 5 min) on microbial inactivation, quality parameters and nutritional quality indices of mackerel fillets. A significant reduction in TVC and H₂S-producing bacteria was detected at 300 MPa for 5 min and 500 MPa for 2 or 5 min. Lightness (L*) increased and redness (a*) decreased at the highest treatment intensities. Hardness, chewiness and springiness increased with the most intense treatments but neither cohesiveness nor TBARS values were affected by pressurization. HPP significantly decreased levels of EPA, PUFAs, HUFAs, DHA, CLAs and increased MUFAs and SFAs. TI significantly increased at the highest pressurization intensities and AI was affected when HPP was held for 5 min. However, the ratio PUFA/SFA above 0.45 in pressurized mackerel fillets indicated that HPP did not compromise the nutritional value of this pelagic fish.Industrial relevanceThe potential of HPP to inhibit spoilage and increase the shelf-life of mackerel fillets, while maintaining its quality and healthy attributes, could help the fish processing industry to ensure better quality raw material for further processing, thereby enabling the development of new, value-added products with extended shelf- life. The reduction in the processing time with the subsequent saving of energy compared to conventional thermal methods makes HPP a relatively energy efficient and suitable preservation treatment for the fish industry.     

Effects of high pressure level and holding time on properties of duck muscle gels containing 1% curdlan

The effect of high pressure processing (HPP) on properties of duck muscle gels (DMG) containing 1% curdlan was investigated. The application of > 300 MPa could result in the decrease of cooking loss of DMG in water binding capacity, the increase of L value and the decrease of a value and b value in color, the increase of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness in textural parameters (P < 0.05), while the pressure-holding time had no obvious influence. Those experimental results could be attributed to the interactions among protein molecules and the interactions between protein molecules and curdlan molecules created or enhanced by HPP. Overall, the use of curdlan instead of fat and the application of HPP may provide a novel approach to achieve low-fat (< 6% fat) and low-salt (1% salt) DMG products with good properties and high yields.

Industrial relevance

To provide healthier meat foods like low-fat (< 6% fat) and low-salt (about 1% salt) duck meat products, the application of HPP might be of great interest for industrial manufacture and can yield the products bearing high water binding capacity and good textural properties.     

超高压处理对鳙鱼质构特性的影响

研究不同超高压条件(150、300、450MPa,保压15min)对鳙鱼质构特性的影响。结果表明,300MPa和450MPa处理可以显著提高鱼肉的粘着性和咀嚼性(p<0.05),优化感官品质。观察鱼肉的超微结构发现,用450MPa处理后出现明显的蛋白质胶凝化现象。用300MPa和450MPa处理后降低了肌原纤维断裂指数(p<0.01)和持水力,提高了鱼肉的pH值(p<0.01)。因此超高压处理在改良鳙鱼肉质方面具有潜在的应用价值。