鸡皮明胶的提取工艺研究

本文主要研究了酸法提取鸡皮明胶的工艺条件。通过单因素和正交试验设计确定提取鸡皮明胶的优化工艺条件,结果表明,盐酸浓度3.0%、浸酸温度28℃、提胶料液比1∶5、提胶pH值为3的提取效果最佳,明胶提取率为9.47%。     

鸡皮明胶的酸法制备及性质研究

鸡皮中含有丰富的胶原蛋白,可制成高质量的食用明胶及医用明胶,从而提高其附加值。本文以安阳市售鸡皮为原料,采用酸法工艺制备一种新型明胶,以提取率为评定指标,通过L9(34)正交试验确定了鸡皮明胶最佳提取工艺参数为:盐酸质量分数为3%,提取时间2.5h,提取温度65℃,此时,明胶得率可达7.36%。通过对鸡皮明胶的重要性质进行测定,并与GB6783-1994食用明胶进行对比,结果表明,按照本工艺提取获得的鸡皮明胶可达到国家标准的要求。     

鸡皮明胶的制备及性质研究

目的:以鸡皮为原料,制备一种新型明胶。方法:以酸法提取明胶并检测其性质,探讨了制备条件对鸡皮明胶的粘度、凝胶强度、透明度和色泽等方面影响。结果:其最适提胶条件为:pH4.7,提胶温度60℃,提胶时间3h,在此条件下明胶得率较高,色泽浅白,透明度高,其凝胶强度可达到258 Bloomg。结论:以鸡皮为原料可生产优质明胶,使鸡皮资源得到合理利用。     

微波辅助提取鸡皮明胶的工艺改进

采用微波和超声波处理,对酸法提取鸡皮明胶的工艺进一步改进。正交实验的结果表明,微波处理时间、微波功率和超声波处理时间是影响明胶提取的主要因素,微波处理时间11min、微波功率560W和超声波处理时间8min为最佳工艺改进组合。      

微波辅助提取鸡皮明胶的工艺改进

采用微波和超声波处理,对酸法提取鸡皮明胶的工艺进一步改进.正交实验的结果表明,微波处理时间、微波功率和超声波处理时间是影响明胶提取的主要因素,微波处理时间11min、微波功率560W和超声波处理时间8min为最佳工艺改进组合.     

兔皮明胶提取工艺优化

以兔皮为原料,研究稀盐酸短时诱导兔皮制备明胶的工艺。以明胶提取率和凝胶强度为评价指标,对兔皮明胶制备工艺中的盐酸质量分数、盐酸处理时间、提胶pH值、提胶温度4 个因素进行了优化,在此基础上通过正交试验确定最佳工艺为盐酸质量分数1%、盐酸处理时间10 min、提胶温度65 ℃、提胶pH 4。在此工艺条件下明胶提取率高达（86.85±1.71）%,凝胶强度为（481.43±16.89）g。明胶基本性质符合GB 6783-2013《食品添加剂：明胶》要求。     

姜黄素对鸡皮明胶膜的性能及结构的影响

以新鲜鸡皮提取的明胶为成膜基材,添加具有抗氧化和抗菌作用的姜黄素,采用流延法制备不同浓度的姜黄素-鸡皮明胶膜,旨在研发出一种新型鸡皮明胶复合膜。本文研究了浓度为0.5%、1%、2%和3%的姜黄素对鸡皮明胶膜理化性质的影响,并用红外光谱和热稳定性表征了复合膜的相容性。最终表明:随着姜黄素浓度的增加,鸡皮明胶膜外观颜色逐渐变为黄色,阻隔性能呈现先下降后上升的趋势,抗拉强度与之相反,断裂伸长率和水溶性逐渐降低,抗氧化和抑菌性显著增强(p0.05);红外光谱中酰胺I带右移,发现姜黄素与鸡皮明胶之间有氢键作用,使鸡皮明胶膜从α-螺旋转变为稳定的三螺旋结构,热稳定分析表明了姜黄素的添加提高了鸡皮明胶膜的热稳定性;当姜黄素浓度为2%时复合膜的综合性能最佳。因此,姜黄素-鸡皮明胶复合膜的开发在食品包装和保鲜方面有潜在的应用价值。     

罗非鱼皮明胶的制备及性质研究

以干燥的罗非鱼鱼皮为原料,经脱色溶胀后热水熬胶来制备明胶,通过正交实验法对罗非鱼鱼皮明胶的提取工艺进行优化,并分别对明胶黏度、吸水性、保水性、等电点和氨基酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,鱼皮明胶最佳提取工艺为氢氧化钠浓度2．0％,浸泡24h,盐酸的浓度为0．5％,浸泡4h时,熬胶温度在80℃,时间为8h,提取率为47．54％。     

从鸡骨中制取明胶的加工工艺

以鸡腿骨为原料 ,采用碱法 (浸灰法 )制备鸡骨明胶。探讨了浸灰过程Ca(OH) 2 浓度、温度、浸灰时间对明胶提取率、明胶粘度和胶凝性的影响 ,同时优化提取工艺条件。试验表明 :明胶最佳提取条件为温度 70℃ ,pH 5。采用方差和响应面分析优化浸灰工艺条件为 :Ca(OH) 2 质量分数 0 1 % ,温度 1 0℃ ,浸灰时间 6d。浸灰处理可以去除杂蛋白 ,使明胶纯度有所提高 ,粘度和冻力都有所上升     

鸡皮西式肉糜火腿制作工艺的研究

试验采用正交试验法讨论了瘦猪肉、脱脂鸡皮、玉米淀粉配比对肉糜火腿质量的影响,确定了添加鸡皮后肉糜火腿的配方和加工工艺,结果表明：用10％的脱脂鸡皮与90％瘦猪肉、30％淀粉为主要原料制作肉糜火腿,产品质量最佳。     

Effects of Alkaline and Acid Pretreatments on Alaska Pollock Skin Gelatin Extraction

Pretreatments with different alkalis and acids at different concentrations were used to determine their effects on gelatin extraction from Alaska pollock skin. The alkaline pretreatments with the OH concentrations lower than 0.5 mol/L removed noncollagenous proteins without significant loss of skin collagen. The acid pretreatments caused loss of collagen, even using a weak acid with a low H concentration at a low temperature. The presence of proteases might cause degradation of gelatin extract, but the pretreatments with NaOH or Ca(OH)₂ at 0.1 mol/L OH concentration, or acetic acid at 0.05 mol/L H concentration could significantly decrease the degradation by proteases. The combination of an alkaline pretreatment followed by an acid pretreatment not only removed the noncollagenous proteins, but also provided the proper pH condition for extraction, during which some cross‐linkages could be further destroyed but with less breakage of polypeptide chains.     

牛蒡提取物对鸡皮明胶膜结构和性能的影响

为研究牛蒡提取物对鸡皮明胶膜结构和性能的影响。本文以鸡皮明胶膜为基质,牛蒡提取液为改性材料,分别制备牛蒡提取液浓度为0%、1%、3%、5%、7%的牛蒡提取物/鸡皮明胶复合膜,并测定各组复合膜物理性能,并作结构表征。结果表明:随着牛蒡提取液浓度增加,复合膜的水蒸气透过率先降低后增加,在3%最低,下降率达11.27%;水溶性逐渐降低,在5%时趋于平稳,为72.29%;抗拉强度先增加后减少,在5%时最大,为22.44%;断裂伸长率和透光率逐渐下降;雾度逐渐增加,浓度为5%达到38.97%;抗氧化性和抑菌性逐渐增加,在浓度为5%时达到15.02%,11.01%,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌性明显优于金黄色葡萄糖球菌;羟基自由基清除率逐渐增加,当浓度在5%时,达到59.98%。结构表征分析得出牛蒡提取液与鸡皮明胶膜发生化学反应形成了新的化学键,电镜下可观测到晶体。综合各项性能选取牛蒡提取液浓度为5%时作为复合膜制备的最佳配比。     

鸡骨明胶的凝胶化研究

本研究采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、圆二色谱(CD)、荧光光谱、原子力显微镜(AMF)等手段研究鸡骨明胶溶液胶凝化过程.原子力显微镜观察到,随着明胶溶液中分子数目的增多,分子链逐渐聚集缔合形成网络结构.圆二色谱显示,明胶凝胶的交联点为类似胶原的三股螺旋结构.明胶溶液胶凝时,体系的荧光强度显著增大,红外光谱可见O-H和C=O伸缩振动增加.由此推断,明胶的凝胶化是明胶分子借助氢键力作用形成三股螺旋交联点的网络结构,同时疏水相互作用促进凝胶形成.     

Cholesterol Content of Chicken Skin

In order to resolve conflicting reports on the cholesterol concentration in chicken skin, we have assayed cholesterol in skin by gas-liquid chromatography. The mean content for six chickens was 71 mg/100g raw skin. Thus the suggestion that chicken skin is particularly high in cholesterol is probably not correct.     

Properties of Alaska Pollock Skin Gelatin: A Comparison with Tilapia and Pork Skin Gelatins

ABSTRACT:  The objective of this work was to compare the physiochemical and rheological properties of Alaska pollock skin gelatin (AG) to those obtained for tilapia and pork skin gelatins. Results were also obtained for some mixed gels containing AG and pork skin gelatin, or AG and tilapia gelatin. AG contained about 7% hydroxyproline (Hyp), which was lower than that of tilapia (∼11%) or pork skin gelatin (∼13%). Most of the protein fractions in AG were α chain, β chain, and other oligomers. The gel strength of AG was 98 gram-force at 10 °C, and increased at a greater rate than other gelatins with decreasing temperature. The gel melting point of AG was the lowest with the oil-drop method, while the viscosity of AG was the highest of the samples studied. The rheological properties of gelatins were determined using small amplitude oscillatory shear testing. G' was nearly independent of frequency for most of the gelatin gels, but AG gels showed a slight dependence on G' and a minimum in G". G' was found to be a power law function of concentration for all gelatins used: G'= k × Cⁿ. In rheological measurements, AG also showed the lowest gel melting temperature and sharpest melting region. Increasing gelatin concentration resulted in a higher melting temperature and a broader melting region for all gelatin gels. For both the AG-pork and AG-tilapia mixed gels, the gel melting temperatures decreased and melting regions narrowed as the AG fraction was increased.     

罗非鱼皮明胶的过氧化氢法提取工艺

考察了过氧化氢的添加及其浓度、提取温度、提取时间等因素对罗非鱼皮明胶的提取率和明胶黏度的影响。采用响应面实验设计优化显著影响明胶提取率和明胶黏度的工艺参数,确定最佳提取工艺条件。实验优化结果为过氧化氢浓度0.07 mmol/g、提取温度53℃、提取时间4.6 h,此条件下明胶提取率达87.71%,黏度达8.90(mpa·s)。     

鱼皮明胶抗紫外线损伤引起的皮肤光老化研究

本文研究了大马哈鱼皮明胶(SG)对光老化小鼠皮肤的保护机制。采用热提法制备了SG并对其分子量和氨基酸组成进行分析。ICR小鼠随机分成5组(每组10只):正常组(NC)、模型组(MC)、维生素C组(PC)、SG低剂量组(SG-L)和SG高剂量组(SG-H)。本文分析了皮肤组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)和羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量,并利用HE、Masson染色来评价SG对光老化皮肤的保护作用。结果表明,SG平均分子量在81.31 ku,甘氨酸约占其氨基酸总量的1/3,疏水性氨基酸占49.67%,不含有半胱氨酸和色氨酸。SG可以改善紫外线对皮肤中胶原纤维的损伤,与模型组相比,SG高剂量组可以显著提高T-SOD的活力(p0.05)、HYP含量(p0.01)、降低MDA含量(p0.05),使CAT和GSH-Px平均活力分别提高23.70%和28.30%。SG对紫外线引起的皮肤光老化有保护作用。