婴幼儿奶粉和米粉中金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及其毒素基因检测

目的：了解婴幼儿奶粉和米粉中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染及其毒素基因的携带情况。方法：采集陕西省18个地区不同品牌的婴幼儿奶粉143份和米粉224份,按国标法和PCR方法进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定;采用PCR方法检测ses基因、ets基因、tsst-1基因和pvl基因。结果：367份样品中检测出30个金黄色葡萄球菌污染样品,检出率为8.17%,其中奶粉11.19%(16/143)、米粉6.25%(14/224),分别从中分离鉴定出29株和25株金黄色葡萄球菌;从54株金黄色葡萄球菌中共检测到有64.8%(35/54)的菌株携带有毒素基因,其中奶粉72.4%(21/29)、米粉56.0%(14/25);奶粉分离株中检测到的毒素基因型有pvl、sea、seb、sed、seg、sea＋pvl、seb＋seg、seb＋sed＋seg、sec＋pvl、sec＋seg＋pvl和seg＋pvl,其检出率分别为10.3%(3/29)、3.4%(1/29)、3.4%(1/29)、3.4%(1/29)、6.9%(2/29)、6.9%(2/29)、6.9%(2/29)、3.4%(1/29)、3.4%(1/29)、13.8%(4/29)和10.3%(3/29);米粉分离株中检测到的毒素基因型有pvl、sed、seg、sea＋seg＋pvl、sec＋pvl、sec＋seg、sec＋see＋seg、sec＋see＋seg＋pvl、see＋pvl和seg＋pvl,其检出率分别为8%(2/25)、4%(1/25)、4%(1/25)、4%(1/25)、4%(1/25)、8%(2/25)、4%(1/25)、4%(1/25)、4%(1/25)和12%(3/25)。奶粉和米粉中都没有检测到ets、tsst-1和seh、sei、sej基因。结论：婴幼儿奶粉和米粉中均存在一定程度的金黄色葡萄球菌的污染,且多数菌株都携带一定的毒素基因,这对消费这些产品的婴幼儿身体健康构成潜在的危险。     

广州市白云口岸航空食品中金黄色葡萄球菌凝固酶基因分型及肠毒素基因研究

目的对2013—2015年从广州市白云口岸航空食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌进行基因分型研究,为食源性金黄色葡萄球菌分子溯源提供基础数据。方法以血浆凝固酶和肠毒素为目标基因,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对9株金黄色葡萄球菌进行基因分型,其中6株为航空食品分离株,1株为配餐车间大门手拭分离株,2株为标准菌株。肠毒素基因检测包括5种传统肠毒素基因(sea、seb、sec、sed、see)和6种新型肠毒素基因(ser、seg、seh、sei、sej、sep)。结果 6株航空食品分离株的血浆凝固酶基因扩增分型结果为2个PCR型,酶切后得3种亚型;肠毒素基因检测结果显示有2株航空食品分离株含有肠毒素基因,检出率为33.3%(2/6),检出的基因为2种传统肠毒素基因(sec、sed)和4种新型肠毒素基因(ser、seg、sei、sej),均同时携带2种以上肠毒素基因。结论血浆凝固酶基因扩增分型结果显示,不同时间、不同采集地点存在相同的基因型,提示金黄色葡萄球菌存在交叉污染的可能性;航空食品分离株共检出6种肠毒素基因,提示金黄色葡萄球菌基因型多样性,应加强其他新型肠毒素基因检测。     

校园周边熟食中金黄色葡萄球的分离及肠毒素基因检测

了解校园周边熟食中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染及其肠毒素基因的分布情况。采集校园周边农贸市场及其路边小摊的熟食样品89份,采用国家标准GB4789.10-2016和PCR方法进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定;采用PCR方法对分离菌株进行21种肠毒素基因检测。结果表明共分离出71株金黄色葡萄球菌,样品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染率为79.78%,其中,农贸市场和路边小摊的熟食污染率分别为80.70%(46/57)和78.12%(25/32);检测的21种肠毒素基因中,sec、see、seh、sel、sep和ses未检出,其他15种基因型被检出,包括3种传统肠毒素基因和12种新型肠毒素基因。71株金黄色葡萄球菌中,46株菌株检出携带肠毒素基因,检出率为64.78%(46/71)。46株携带肠毒素菌株中,sex检出率最高为86.96%(40/46),sei和sem为32.61%(15/46),sen和seo为30.43%(14/46),set为21.74%,seg为13.04%,sea、seb和ser为10.87%,sej和seu为6.52%,sek和seq为4.34%,sed为2.17%。通过本研究发现校园周边农贸市场及路边小摊的熟食中金黄色葡萄球菌污染率和肠毒素基因携带率均较高,新型肠毒素基因检测率高于传统肠毒素基因型,研究结果为金黄色葡萄球菌食品安全提供参考依据。     

PCR检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因

目的:检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因谱携带情况,探讨与食物中毒发病相关的金黄色葡萄球菌基因类型。方法:取食品中检出的金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离培养鉴定,通过PCR技术检测样本18种不同型的肠毒素基因的携带情况,并进行统计学分析。结果:食品中检出的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因有较高的阳性检出率,主要检出sea、seb、sei、seg、sel、sem、sen等基因,其中sea基因检出率最高,达到77.27%;sei、seg、sem、sen基因具有相关性,检出率为9.09%;seb、sel基因的检出率为4.55%。结论:在食品中主要检出金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素sea、sei、seg、sem、sen、seb、sel等基因,其中,sei、seg、sem、sen基因的相关性还有待进一步深入研究。     

鸡肉生产中分离金黄色葡萄球菌的基因分型与耐药性分析

为探究鸡肉制品在加工过程中金黄色葡萄球菌的肠毒素基因分布、分子分型和耐药性情况,本研究对某鸡肉制品加工厂的生产加工过程进行取样,通过DNA提取、PCR扩增nuc基因对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定,然后分析肠毒素基因分布情况,对获得带有毒素基因的菌株进行多位点序列分型（MLST）和耐药性研究。结果表明,260份样本中分离到38株金黄色葡萄球菌（其中携带肠毒素基因的菌株有24株）,检出率为63.16%;共检测到7种毒素基因型,其中sed携带率最高（60.53%）,依次为seg（26.32%）、see（21.05%）、sei（18.42%）、sec（10.53%）、sea（7.89%）、seh（5.26%）,携带两种及以上肠毒素基因的菌株有14株（36.84%）。24株携带毒素基因的菌株MLST分型都为ST型,分为3种ST分型,16株为ST7序列型（66.67%）;5株为ST5序列型（20.83%）;3株为ST464序列型（12.5%）。耐药性分析实验结果表明,抑菌效果最好的抗生素是万古霉素,38株菌株都对其敏感（100%）;绝大多数菌株都对抗生素有耐药性,依次为青霉素G（86.84%）、环丙沙星（60.53%）、克林霉素（55.26%）、四环素（52.63%）;对3-6种抗生素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株分别占18.42%、15.79%、23.68%、7.89%。研究结果表明鸡肉产品中存在金黄色葡萄球菌污染的情况,并且其中存在携带多种类型肠毒素基因的菌株,也存在具有多重耐药性的菌株。     

北京市朝阳区食物中毒相关金黄色葡萄球菌病原学分析

目的 了解2017年北京市朝阳区11株食物中毒相关金黄色葡萄球耐药性、耐药基因、毒力基因及分子分型。方法 依据GB4789.10-2016对甲、乙饭店留样食品、餐具及厨师手涂抹样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定;荧光定量PCR法检测耐药基因mecA、vanA与毒力基因sea、seb、sec、sed、see;纸片法与微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性试验;脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行溯源分析。结果 甲、乙饭店留样食品、餐具涂抹及厨师手涂抹样品共检出11株金黄色葡萄球菌;耐药基因mecA、vanA与毒力基因sea、seb、sec、sed、see均未检出;青霉素100%耐药,四环素、氯霉素耐药率分别为27.3%、9.09%,未发现耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌株;PFGE分型显示：甲饭店餐具涂抹菌株、手涂抹菌株、乙饭店所有菌株为3种带型。 结论 甲乙饭店分别为两起由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒事件,皆为携带菌株的厨师污染餐具及食品引起,菌株具有较高耐药性。     

居民冰箱食源性致病菌病原学分析

摘 要： 目的 了解北京市朝阳区居民冰箱卫生状况及食源性致病菌耐药与毒力分析。 方法 采集居民冰箱拭子进行大肠菌群、葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分离鉴定;分离菌株采用微量肉汤稀释法、纸片法及PCR法进行耐药及毒力研究。 结果 120件棉签拭子,大肠菌群、葡萄球菌阳性率48.33%（58/120）、49.17%（59/120）,金黄色葡萄球菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌阳性率2.50%（3/120）、1.67%（2/120）,未检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌。金黄色葡萄球菌红霉素耐药率33.33%（1/3）;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌青霉素、红霉素耐药率23.21%（13/56）、21.43%（12/56）。小肠结肠耶尔森氏菌头孢唑林耐药率50%（1/2）。金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因seb阳性率66.67%（2/3）,sea、sec、sed、see与耐药基因mecA、vanA阴性;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌mecA阳性率1.69%（1/59）,sea、seb、sec、sed、see、vanA阴性。小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌毒力基因ail、ystA、virF、yadA阴性,ystB阳性。 结论 北京市朝阳区居民冰箱卫生状况差,存在食源性疾病传播风险,应加强冰箱正确使用宣传教育。     

羊奶粉生产中金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定及其分子特性和耐药性检测

为探究羊奶粉在加工过程中金黄色葡萄球菌污染的关键环节及菌株的分子特征和耐药性,对某羊奶粉加工厂不同生产环节进行样本收集,通过采用选择培养和聚合酶链式反应扩增nuc基因对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定,然后对分离的菌株进行毒素基因（21 种）、耐药性（16 种常用抗生素）及葡萄球菌A蛋白（staphylococcal protein A,SPA）、多位点序列分型（multilocus sequence typing,MLST）和脉冲场凝胶电泳（pulsed field gel electrophpresis,PFGE）分型研究。结果表明,收集的112 份样本中有6 份样本被污染（5.4%,6/112）,其中包括加工设备（2 份）、加工人员（2 份）、罐奶（1 份）和车间落地粉（1 份）。所有的分离株至少携带1 种毒素基因,其中以pvl基因的携带率最高（100.0%,6/6）,其次为sea、sec、see、seh、sek和seq（50.0%,3/6）,seg、sej和ser（33.3%,2/6）,sed、sei、sem和seo（16.7%,1/6）。所有分离株至少耐受4 种抗生素,其中对氨苄西林、头孢哌酮、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑和青霉素的耐药性最为普遍（100.0%,6/6）,其次为红霉素和阿莫西林/克拉维酸（83.3%,5/6）、四环素（50.0%,3/6）和庆大霉素（16.7%,1/6）。此外,所有菌株对苯唑西林、头孢西丁、万古霉素、利奈唑胺等抗生素敏感。所有分离株共有4 种spa分型和3 种ST分型,其中以ST1-t127（50.0%,3/6）为主,其次为ST5-t002、ST5-t548和ST188-t189（16.7%,1/6）。对于PFGE分型,可分为3 个大簇（I、II和III簇）和4 个基因型（A、B、C和D）,其中加工设备和落地粉存在相同的PFGE分型。研究结果表明在羊奶粉加工过程中存在金黄色葡萄球菌污染现象,罐奶、加工设备、加工人员和落地粉是受污染的关键环节,且在不同的加工环节中存在一定的交叉污染。虽然污染率较低,有必要对奶厂不同加工环节的污染情况进行长期调查,确认关键污染环节,可以有效控制金黄色葡萄球菌在奶粉制品中的扩散。     

食源性金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因型分布研究

目的 采用PCR法扩增食源性金黄色葡萄球菌中肠毒素基因以了解该菌肠毒素基因携带情况,比较食物中毒和食品监测来源菌株中肠毒素基因检出率差异.方法 合成sea、seb、sec、sed和see五种肠毒素基因特异性引物,用常规PCR方法扩增食物中毒和食品监测来源菌株中各自肠毒素基因,同时采用mini-VIDAS检测食物中毒来源菌株中肠毒素.结果 110株菌株中有30株检出肠毒素基因,检出率为27.3％,肠毒素基因阳性菌株均只检出1种肠毒素基因.其中来自2起食物中毒的14株菌株均检出seb型肠毒素和相关基因,检出率为100％.来源于食品监测样本的96株菌株中有16株检出肠毒素基因,检出率为16.7％,包括sea型4株、seb型2株、sec型4株、sed型6株.结论 在宁波市食品监测中所分离的金黄色葡萄球菌所携带的肠毒素基因主要有sea、seb、sec和sed四型,而seb型肠毒素是引起金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素所致食物中毒的主要因素.     

温州市食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及分子流行病学特征研究

目的了解温州市食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况,分析分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性、毒力基因分布及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型特征。方法依据GB 4789.10—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》进行菌株分离鉴定,采用纸片法进行药敏试验,mini-VIDAS法和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法分别进行肠毒素及其基因的检测,PFGE法进行分子分型。结果 4类食品388份样品中有16份样品检出金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率为4.12%,其中生畜肉和生禽肉检出率较高,分别为13.89%(5/36)和11.11%(4/36)。所有菌株均有不同程度的耐药,对青霉素耐药率最高(100.00%,16/16),其次为红霉素(56.25%,9/16),多重耐药率为18.75%(3/16),未检出对甲氧西林耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素及其基因检测阳性率均为56.25%(9/16),其中seb、seg基因检出率较高,均为37.50%(6/16)。PFGE图谱分为12种PFGE带型。结论金黄色葡萄球菌在温州市食品中存在一定的污染率,且具有分子多态性、产肠毒素率及毒素基因携带率较高的特征,提示存在潜在的食品安全隐患。     

肉鸡屠宰环节中金黄色葡萄球菌的流行及分子特征和耐药性

为探究肉鸡屠宰加工环节中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染关键环节及菌株的分子特征和耐药性,对陕西省某肉鸡屠宰场5个屠宰环节（活鸡肛拭、浸烫、预冷、分割和贮存）进行4次样本收集。通过选择培养和聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增nuc基因对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定。然后对分离株进行23种毒素编码基因、27种耐药基因、16种抗生素耐药性及葡萄球菌蛋白A(staphylococcal protein A,SPA)、多位点序列分型（multilocus sequence typing,MLST）和肠杆菌科基因间重复序列PCR(enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR,ERIC-PCR)分型检测。结果表明,收集的144份样本中有32份样本被污染（22.2%,32/144）。除活鸡肛拭样本无检出外,其余环节样本均有检出。其中浸烫褪毛环节污染率最高（40.0%,12/30）,其次为分割环节（26.7%,8/30）、预冷环节（21.9%,7/32）和贮存环节（15.6%,5/32）。23种被检毒素编码基因中...     

Evaluation of molecular methods to determine enterotoxigenic status and molecular genotype of bovine, ovine, human and food isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

This study evaluated the use of PFGE and single enzyme AFLP techniques for the determination of the genetic relationships between Staphyloccocus aureus isolates from human, bovine, ovine and food related sources and reports the prevalence of 'classic' (sea to see) and 'new' (seg, seh, sei, sej, sem, sen and seo) staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) genes in 92 S. aureus strains. A sub-set of the se genotyping results was confirmed by ELISA and the presence of SE toxin determined in isolates from different sources. A 100% correlation was observed, between detection of enterotoxin genes sea-see and expression of corresponding enterotoxin proteins in vitro. The se genotyping data generated from 90 of the S. aureus isolates showed that many of the S. aureus strains producing identical se genotypes correlated with both AFLP and PFGE pattern types. However, single enzyme AFLP technique did not possess the discriminatory power of the PFGE method, but similar clonal relationships were observed by both techniques in many of the isolates tested. Results reported here include the first comprehensive study using a single enzyme AFLP technique to investigate the genetic background of S. aureus isolates from a wide distribution including animal, human and food related sources.     

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from white-brined Urfa cheese

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes in Urfa cheese samples and to characterize the enterotoxigenic potential of these isolates. From a total of 127 Urfa cheese samples, 53 isolates (from 41.7% of the samples) were identified by a species-specific PCR assay as S. aureus. Of these isolates, 40 (75.5%) gave positive PCR results for the 3' end of the coa gene. The coa-positive S. aureus strains were characterized for their population levels and enterotoxigenic properties, including slime factor, β-lactamase, antibiotic susceptibilities, production of the classical SEs (SEA through SEE), in both cheese and liquid cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for the presence of specific genes, including classical SE genes (sea through see), mecA, femA, and spa, by PCR. The genetic relatedness among the coa-positive S. aureus isolates was investigated by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and the 23S rRNA gene spacer. The 23S rRNA gene spacer and coa RFLP analysis using AluI and Hin6I revealed 14 different patterns. SEB, SEC, and SEA and SEE were detected by ELISA in three cheese samples. Fourteen S. aureus strains harbored enterotoxin genes sea through see, and three strains carried multiple toxin genes. The most commonly detected toxin gene was sec (25% of tested strains). Of the 40 analyzed S. aureus strains, 3 (7.5%) were mecA positive. Based on tandem repeats, four coa and spa types were identified. The results of this study indicate that S. aureus and SEs are present at significant levels in Urfa cheese. These toxins can cause staphylococcal food poisoning, creating a serious hazard for public health.     

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from powdered infant formula milk and infant rice cereal in China

Dry infant foods are not sterile and could be contaminated with various bacteria including certain pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in infant foods and to characterize these strains. A total of 367 infant food samples, including 143 samples of powdered infant formula milk (PIF) and 224 samples of infant rice cereal (IRC), were collected in the Shaanxi Province of China during the period of July to August 2010 and screened for S. aureus. All S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and detection of genes encoding enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. Among all the samples examined, sixteen of 143 PIF samples (11.2%) and 14 of 224 IRC samples (6.3%) were positive for S. aureus. From these positive samples, 29 S. aureus strains were isolated from PIF and 25 from IRC. Of these S. aureus isolates, 83.3% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 35.2% to three or more antimicrobials. Resistance was most frequently observed to erythromycin (75.9%), followed by ciprofloxacin (51.9%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (27.8%), while significantly fewer isolates were resistant to gentamicin (22.2%), tetracycline (18.5%), or cefoxitin (3.7%). In addition, 63.0% of isolates were positive for one or more toxin genes tested. The three most predominant toxin genes were pvl (40.7%), seg (38.9%), and sec (18.5%), followed by sea (7.4%), seb (7.4%), sed (5.6%), and see (5.6%). The ets, tsst-1, seh, sei, and sej genes were not detected. A total of 39 PFGE patterns were generated among 51 selected food isolates. Our findings indicate that PIF and IRC in the Shaanxi province were contaminated with S. aureus, and many S. aureus isolates harbored multiple toxin genes and exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance. In addition, these S. aureus isolates were genetically diverse. The presence of S. aureus strains in these infant foods poses a potential threat to infant health.     

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine milk in Hungary

Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen due to its capability to produce a wide range of heat-stable enterotoxins. The primary purpose of this research was to characterize S. aureus isolates recovered from mammary quarter milk of mastitic cows and from bulk tank milk produced on Hungarian dairy farms of different sizes. Macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA from S. aureus isolates was performed using the restriction enzyme SmaI followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The prevalence rates of nine S. aureus enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, and sej) and of the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene (tst) were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The bulk tank milks of 14 out of 20 farms were contaminated with S. aureus at levels of up to 6.0x10(3 )CFU/ml. Farm size had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the S. aureus counts in bulk milk. The prevalence rates of penicillin resistance were 88.9% and 20.0% among the S. aureus recovered from mastitic quarter milk and bulk tank milk, respectively. After phenotypic characterization, a total of 59 S. aureus isolates were selected for genotyping. PFGE analysis revealed 22 distinct pulsotypes, including 14 main types and 8 subtypes, at a similarity level of 86%. Only one or two main types were observed on each of the farms tested, indicating a lack of genetic diversity among S. aureus isolates within farms, and there were only two pulsotypes which occurred on more than one farm. The PFGE patterns showed genetic relatedness between the S. aureus strains recovered from quarter milk and bulk milk on two large farms, implying that on farms having a high number of mastitic cows, S. aureus from infected udders may contaminate bulk milk and, subsequently, raw milk products. Sixteen (27.1%) of the S. aureus isolates tested by multiplex PCR were found to be positive for enterotoxin genes, with 15 of them carrying just one gene and one strain carrying two genes (seg and sei). The most commonly detected toxin genes were seb, sea, and sec, whereas none of our isolates possessed the see, seh, sej, or tst genes. On 75% of the dairy farms surveyed, no enterotoxigenic staphylococci were recovered from either mastitic quarter milk or bulk tank milk.     

Genotype analysis of enterotoxin H-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food samples in the Czech Republic

Twenty-eight enterotoxin H-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food samples collected in eleven districts of the Czech Republic between 2000 and 2005 were genotypically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiling, spa gene polymorphism analysis, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based PCR (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting and prophage carriage detection. These strains accounted for about 21% of the food-derived, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)-positive isolates. One strain, detected in feta cheese, was implicated in a case of enterotoxinosis. Sixteen of the twenty-eight isolates carried the seh gene alone. The remaining twelve strains harbored the seh gene in combination with other enterotoxin genes, most often the seg and sei genes, followed by the sea, seb, sec and sed genes. Comparison of various genomic profiles resulted in the determination of twenty genotypes designated G-1 to G-20. Two new, to date not defined, spa types (t2000 and t2002) were identified in one strain isolated from raw meat and two strains obtained from prepacked pizza. Evidence has been given that the seh-positive S. aureus isolates from foodstuffs did not originate from a single source or a common ancestor.     

2009-2018年广州市即食食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染情况和菌型特征

目的 分析2009-2018年广州市零售即食食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染情况,以及菌株肠毒素基因、耐药表型特征.方法 从广州市辖11个区的农贸市场、超市随机购买零售即食食品,增菌后分离金黄色葡萄球菌.对所有菌株进行多位点序列分型(MLST)、抗生素敏感性试验,并检测24种肠毒素基因.对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)进...     

Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Italian dairy products on the basis of coagulase gene polymorphism, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat and toxin genes

Coagulase gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), six-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis patterns (MLVA) and detection of enterotoxin genes (se) (sea, sec, sed, seg, seh, sei, sej and sel) were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship among isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products from different regions of Italy. A total of 25 Staph. aureus were subtyped into 16 coagulase genotypes by RFLP, and MLVA revealed marked genomic variability. Furthermore, 17 of the isolates harboured at least one toxin gene, with the predominance of sea, sed and sej among cow isolates and sec-sel among the goat and sheep strains. Combined RFLP, MLVA polymorphism and se genes were found to be useful techniques for discriminating several genetic variants in Staph. aureus isolates.     

Molecular biological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food

A survey was conducted to detect the distributing situation of Staphylococcus aureus in 6 kinds of food and the molecular biological characteristics of the isolates, so as to provide theoretical basis for our food risk monitoring. A total of 205 samples of 6 kinds of food were collected and examined for S. aureus. The GB 4789-2010 (food hygienic inspection method of China), mini VIDAS auto analysis, KB method and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method were used to detect S. aureus, enterotoxin, drug sensitivity and homology analysis, respectively. The positive rates of S. aureus in the 205 samples were 15.6 % (32 samples), and the positive rates in raw milk were highest (30.0 %), with raw meat and aquatic products next and third (25.0and 12.0 %), cooked meat and milk products (10.0 % and 7.5 %, respectively). No S. aureus was detected in ice creams. With shock culturing in 37 °C for 24 h, 14 strains (43.7 %) produced enterotoxin in the 32 strains of S. aureus. In the drug sensitive tests, in the 32 isolates, 87.5 % were resistant to penicillin; 84.4 % were resistant to ampicillin; 26 (81.3 %) were resistant to tetracycline; 20 (62.5 %) showed resistance to erythromycin. All of the 32 strains were sensitive to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. No methicillin-resistant S. aureus was isolated from our food samples. PFGE typing showed that S. aureus genotypes profile had significant difference between the strains, indicating diversity contamination of foodborne S. aureus.