钴镍掺杂锰酸锂的电化学性能研究

采用固相烧结法分别制备了钴掺杂和镍掺杂锰酸锂锂离子电池正极材料,同时制备了纯相锰酸锂进行比较.用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、电子扫描电镜和电池性能测试系统对产物的组成、结构特征、微观表面形貌和恒流充放电性能进行了表征.结果表明:所制备的掺杂锰酸锂LiMn0.9 Ni0.1O2、LiMn0.9 Co0.1O2的结晶度高,无杂质相,材料颗粒的粒径均匀、表面光滑;首次放电比容量分别为114.7mAh/g和110.8mAh/g(0.5mA/cm,2.8~4.4V,vs.Li+/Li);50次循环后,放电比容量为107.2mAh/g和103.3mAh/g,50次循环比容量保持率分别达到94.1%和95.4%.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiCrxMn2-xO4的合成及性能研究

采用Pechini法制备了尖晶石LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄正极材料,并用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、充放电测试等手段研究了其晶体结构、表观形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,该法制备的尖晶石LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄(0≤x≤0.1)正极材料为单一尖晶石结构,形貌较好,粒径分布均匀;晶胞参数随着Cr含量的增加而减小,但是Cr掺杂量对于产物的相结构和晶体形貌影响不大;Cr含量的增加使得LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄的比容量减小,但却提高了尖晶石结构的稳定性和循环性能.     

Electrochemical Performance of Surface-Modified LiMn2O4 Prepared by a Melting Impregnation Method

The surface of as-prepared LiMn2O4 was modified with ZnO, Al2O3, CoO and LiCoO2 using a simple nitrate melting impregnation method. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） studies indicated that oxide nano- particles in the range of 10～50 nm are coated on the surface of the spinel. The surface modified samples show better capacity retention than the unmodified LiMn2O4 spinel at both room temperature and 55℃. Among these samples, the ZnO-modified LiMn2O4 shows the best combination of a high capacity and a low capacity fading rate of 0.036% per cycle at room temperature and 0.064% per cycle at 55℃. The improvement for surface modified LiMn2O4 can be attributed to the inhibition of Mn dissolution and O losses on the surface.     

Co^3＋—modified Surface of LiMn2O4 Spinel for its Improvementof Electrochemical Properties

Cobalt was used to modify the surface of spinel LiMn2O4 by a solution technique to produce Co^3 -modified surface material (COMSM). Cobalt was only doped into the surface of LiMn2O4 spinel. XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis confirms the valence state of Co^3 . COMSM has stable spinel structure and can prevent active materials from the corrosion of electrolyte. The ICP(inductively coupled plasma) determination of the spinel dissolution in electrolyte showed the content of Mn dissolved from COMSM was smaller than that from the pure spinel. AC impedance patterns show that the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) for COMSM is smaller than that for pure spinel. The particles of COMSM are bigger in size than those of pure spinel according to the micrographs of SEM(scanning electron microscopy). The determinations of the electrochemical characterization show that COMSM has both good cycling performance and high initial capacity of 124.1 mA/h at an average capacity loss of 0.19 mAh/g per cycle.     

以Mn_3O_4为前驱体的LiMn_2O_4及其电化学性能

对传统的固相反应进行了改进,以控制结晶法合成出来的Ｍｎ３Ｏ４为前驱体,和ＬｉＯＨ混合煅烧,制备出锂离子电池正极活性材料尖晶石ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４。对由此方法得到的尖晶石ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４的结构和电化学性能进行了研究．通过Ｘ光衍射和扫描电镜分析表明,该材料为纯相尖晶石ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４,不含其它杂质相,而且晶粒大小比较均匀;通过电化学性能测试表明,该尖晶石ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４具有良好的电化学性能：其首次放电比容量为１２８ｍＡｈ／ｇ,经过１０次充放电循环后,其放电比容量仍有 １２４ｍＡｈ／ｇ．     

La掺杂纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体的制备及电磁性能

采用高分子凝胶法制备了Ni0.5Zn0.5LaxFe2-xO4（x=0,0.02,0.05和0.08）纳米晶铁氧体.采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和HP8510网络分析仪分别对其结构、形貌和电磁性能进行了研究.结果表明,当x=0,0.02和0.05时,所得粉体为纯立方晶系尖晶石结构.Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体平均粒径为70nm.随着La离子掺杂量的增加,红外光谱中550cm-1处吸收峰向高波数移动,420cm-1处吸收峰向低波数移动.La离子的掺杂对Ni-Zn铁氧体的电磁性能有一定的影响.在X波段,与Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体相比,掺杂La的Ni-Zn铁氧体的tanδm值降低,tanδε值升高.Ni0.5Zn0.5La0.02Fe1.98O4铁氧体的tanδε平均值为0.616.     

S-Co复合掺杂LiMn2O4的合成与性能

为了扩大锂离子电池正极材料LixMn2O4的工作电压范围，在保证良好循环性能的基础上提高材料的容量，本文对S-Co复合掺杂LiMn2O4的合成工艺和电化学性能进行了研究．溶胶-凝胶法合成的各试样均为纯的立方尖晶石相，且结晶状态良好．S—Co复合掺杂综合了S掺杂效应和Co掺杂效应，改善了LiMn2O4的电化学性能，在2．4—4．3V充放电压范围内，初始容量较高，达到170mAh／g，30次循环后容量不但没有衰减而且有一定增加．     

稀土掺杂锂锰氧化物LiMn2-xNdxO4(X=0.005～0.1)的结构和电性能研究

采用微波与传统加热相结合的方法首次合成了稀土掺杂基锂锰氧化物LiMn2-xNdxO4(x=0.005-0.1)材料，电化学性能测试结果表明材料在掺杂量为x=0.01时表现出最大放电比容量，同时具有很好的循环稳定性，经过100次循环其容量衰减仅为14.9%；XRD测试结果表明在LiMn2O4尖晶石晶格中掺入合适量的Nd对稳定尖晶石骨架结构起重要作用；FTIR分析技术揭示了容量少量衰减的原因。     

尖晶石锰酸锂的组成对其结构和性能的影响

以电解二氧化锰和碳酸锂为原料用高温固相法合成了尖晶石锰酸锂,在锂与锰的原子比从0.95:2到1.1:2范围内,其结构为单一尖晶石相,晶格常数和比容量随着锂锰比的增加呈现出先增大后降低的变化规律.在锂锰比为1.0:2和1.02:2附近,晶格常数和比容量分别达到最大.这种变化规律与锂离子在晶格中的位置有关.在锂锰比从1.0:2到1.1:2的范围内,随着锂锰比的增加,尖晶石锰酸锂嵌脱锂反应过程的动力学极化逐渐降低,大电流性能逐渐提高.以尖晶石锰酸锂为正极,MCMB为负极组装了423048型电池,锂锰比从1.0:2到1.1:2,电池循环稳定性随锰酸锂的锂锰比的增大而提高.     

Li1.02CoxCryMn2-x-yO4的固相合成及性能表征

采用固相法合成锂离子正极材料尖晶石相Li1.02CoxCryMn2-x-yO4，研究元素Co、Cr不同掺杂量对产物的结构、晶胞常数、电化学性能和电池内阻的影响．分析表明，掺杂少量的Co、Cr的LiMn2O4依然保持着尖晶石结构；晶胞常数随掺杂量的增加而减小，从而使尖晶石的比表面积增大，有利于提高电池的初始容量；并有效地抑制了充放电过程中的Jahn-Teller效应和Mn^3＋的歧化反应．掺杂Co、Cr后Li1.02MnO4初始容量有所下降，且随掺杂量增加而减小，但能明显改善材料的循环性能．     

富锂正极材料Li1+x[Ni0.36Mn0.64]1-xO2的制备及电化学性能研究

采用氢氧化物共沉淀-高温固相焙烧法合成了富锂正极材料Li1+x[Ni0.36Mn0.64]1-xO2(x=0.12,0.15,0.18,0.2)。采用XRD表征其结构,SEM表征其形貌,恒电流充放电和循环伏安测试其电化学性能。其中,XRD结果表明各样品都具有α-NaFeO2型层状结构。结果表明:室温下以30mA/g的电流密度,在4.6~2.75V的电压范围内充放电,x=0.15的首次放电比容量为237.9mAh/g,经50次循环后容量保持率为98%。研究发现,层状富锂镍锰正极材料中的Li2MnO3组分在充放电过程中会逐渐向尖晶石相转变,这是容量衰减的主要原因。     

S掺杂LiMn2O4尖晶石的合成与性能

分别用溶胶-凝胶法和固相法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4-xSx,在掺S量x＞0.04时,两种方法都不能获得纯的立方尖晶石相.LiMn2O4-xSx电化学性能测试结果表明,S掺杂对LiMn2O4的4V区性能没有明显的改善,但是在3V区具有良好的循环性能,30次循环后容量不但没有衰减而且有一定的增加.S掺杂对LiMn2O4在3V区的改善作用为扩大材料的工作电压范围、提高材料的初始容量提供了一条可能的途径.     

Effect of Crystallinity on Electrochemical Insertion/Extraction of Li in Transition Metal Oxides Part I: LiMn2O4 and LiCo0.5Ni0.5O2

1.IntroductionRecentlyrechargeablehighpowerandhighen-ergydensityLibatteries(secondaryLibatteries)aredemandedforvariousportableequipments,forelec-tricvehiclesandalsoforlevelingofelectricpowersupplyll].Variousresearchesanddevelopmentsonthematerialsforanodeandcathodehavebeenper-formedtoimproveelectrochemicalperformance.Thebatteries,inwhichLiinsertion/eXtractionreactionsareemployedatbothanodeandcathode,arenamedasLiionbatteries,orrocking-chairtypeLibatteriesbecauseLiionsaretran8ferredbackandfort…     

Influences of Sintering Process of Sprayed Precursors on the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LiMn2O4 Cathode Material

Well-defined spinel LiMn2O4 powders were synthesized via sintering a precursor, which was prepared by spraydrying method. The effects of sintering process on the structure and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 were discussed. It was found that a single sintering could not synthesize a pure LiMn2O4 compound, while two-step sintering procedure consisting of decomposing sprayed precursors at 350℃ and further sintering at an elevated temperature leads to the formation of a single-phased LiMn2O4 with homogeneous particle size distribution. As compared to that sintered in air, the two-step sintered LiMn2O4 in oxygen shows tighter structure and more uniform particle size, as well as better electrochemical properties. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 131 mAh·g^-1 （1/10C）, and still has excellent cycling stability at higher rate （1/5C）.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn_2O_4制备新工艺

采用球磨湿混和旋转合成相结合的新工艺来制备锂离子电池正极材料ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４,并对制备的材料进行了粒度、化学成分以及电化学性能测试．制备的ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４为正尖晶石结构,而且物质纯净．同一批次制备的材料化学成分均匀,粉末粒度分布范围窄,中粒径为１０．６７μｍ,首次充电容量为１２４ｍＡｈ／ｇ,放电容量为１１５ｍＡｈ／ｇ．循环次数达３０次时,放电容量还大于１００ｍＡｈ／ｇ,循环稳定性良好．球磨湿混工艺能将原料混合均匀,并能有效地使原料粒度细化而且粒度均匀．旋转合成工艺能使反应物和反应产物的温度均匀、粒度均匀、晶型结构与成分均匀．球磨湿混和旋转合成相结合的固相合成新工艺能制备出电化学性能性能良好的ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４     

Influence of Nb5+ Doping on Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Spinel Li1.02Mn2O4

The Li1.02NbxMn2-xO4 (x=0,0.005,0.01,0.02,0.04 and 0.1) materials were prepared by solid-state reaction method in which Li2CO3 , electrolytic MnO2 and Nb2O5 were used as reactants. The influences of the Nb5+ doping on structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were systemically investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and AC impedance. XRD test showed that the prepared samples had single spinel structure although there was impurity phase of LiNbO3 existing in Li1.02NbxMn2-xO4 phase after Nb5+ doping. The doped materials with Nb5+ had smaller lattice parameters and crystal volume compared with pristine Li1.02Mn2O4. The endurance of overcharge was largely improved. In addition, the small amount of Nb5+ doping could increase the material conductivity.     

温度对燃烧包覆LiMn2O4/ZnO及其电性能的影响

通过葡萄糖辅助低温燃烧制备ZnO包覆型LiMn2O4,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、循环伏安、交流阻抗以及恒流充放电测试等手段,研究了温度对产物晶体结构、微观形貌及电化学性能的影响。XRD结果表明所有产物均为单相尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构。SEM结果表明产物的颗粒尺寸随温度的升高而增大。电化学性能测试表明400℃和500℃制备的LiMn2O4/ZnO具有相对优异的电化学性能,室温1C条件下首次放电比容量分别为119.3mAh/g、116.3mAh/g,循环100次后容量保持率分别85.6%、87.8%。尖晶石LiMn2O4电极的阻抗谱特征与温度有关,电池的电化学性能主要受电荷转移电阻(Rct)影响。     

正极材料zLi2MnO3·（1-z）LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2的合成与性能

富锂锰过渡金属层状正极材料以其成本低、安全、容量高受到广泛关注,X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学性能测试显示以共沉淀结合煅烧成功合成富锂层状正极材料zLi2MnO3.（1-z）LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2（z=0.2,0.4,0.6）。其中z=0.4组分的放电容量达到210mAh/g（2-4.8V,0.05C）,远高于z=0.6组分,而经20个充放电循环的稳定性也优于z=0.2组分。微分容量分析表明z=0.2组分中因Ni/（Co＋Mn）比值较大和Li2MnO3含量较少可能导致其容量逐渐衰减。z=0.6则因所含LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2量较少,造成其放电容量较低;z=0.4拥有最佳Li2MnO3及LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2组合使其容量和循环性能最好。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5FexMn1.5-xO4的电化学性能

以醋酸锂、醋酸锰、醋酸镍、草酸铁为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备出了4.6 V高电位材料LiNi0.5-FexMn1.5-xO4。合成化学计量比为n(Li)∶n(Mn)∶n(Ni)∶n(Fe)=1.3∶1.5-x∶0.5∶x(x=0,0.02,0.03,0.04)。在空气条件下于450℃下煅烧6h,再于800℃下烧结18h。对合成的材料用X射线衍射仪分析晶体结构和用扫描电镜(SEM)观察微观形貌,对电池进行首次充放电测试和循环效率测试。实验结果表明,LiNi0.5FexMn1.5-xO4三元正极材料为立方晶系,Fd3m空间群。以其为正极材料组装的锂离子电池在x=0.03时,充放电比容量为126mA·h·g-1。     

Synthesis and Structure Transformation of Orthorhombic LiMnO2 Cathode Materials by Sol-gel Method

Orthorhombic LiMnO2 cathode materials were synthesized successfully at lower temperature by sol-gel method. When LiMnO2 precursor prepared by sol-gel method was fired in air, the product was a mixture of spinel structure LiMn2O4 and rock-salt structure Li2MnO3, whereas in argon single-phase orthorhombic LiMnO2 could obtain at the range of 750℃ to 920℃. The substitution of Mn by Zn2+ or Co3+ in LiMnO2 led to the structure of LiMnO2 transiting to Qα-LiFeO2. The results of electrochemical cycles indicated that the discharged capacity of orthorhombic-LiMnO2 was smaller at the initial stages, then gradually increased with the increasing of cycle number, finally the capacity stabilized to certain value after about 10th cycles. This phenomenon reveals that there is an activation process for orthorhombic LiMnO2 cathode materials during electrochemical cycles, which is a phase transition process from orthorhombic LiMnO2 to tetragonal spinel Li2Mn2O4. The capacity of orthorhombic LiMnO2 synthesized at lower te