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建立了石油催化裂化(FCCU)装置反应器的动态数学模型。反应动力学采用五集总模型,模型中原料油、柴油、汽油、气体和焦炭由性质相似的烃类代替。建立仿真系统模拟了正常工况,并研究了两种异常工况对原料预热温度的影响,这两种异常工况分别从原油带水、含烃两方面考虑,通过原料预热温度的变化情况查找出原油的带水量或含烃量。结果表明:该动态模拟系统可以较好和较为准确地模拟催化裂化反应器的异常工况。 相似文献
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《当代化工》1973,(4)
第四节管式裂解炉反应管的化工设计由上节讨论而知,管式裂解炉不论何种炉型,都包括对流段和辐射段两部分。对流段主要是为利用炉子的余热而设置的。可用于下述几个方面:(1)裂解原料的汽化和预热,(2)水蒸汽稀释剂的过热,(3)急冷锅炉给水的预热,(4)急冷锅炉发生的水蒸汽的过热等。(将要在以后的流程图中看到)由于对流段炉管中各物料一般情况均没有化学反应,所以其设计方法与一般加热炉没有原则区别,故在此不作讨论。辐射段是管式裂解炉的核心,裂解反应就是在辐射段的炉管内发生的。物料由对流段出来而进入辐射段时,在开始的一段长度内也可能仍是预热升温,还没有化学反应,这一部分称为预热区。而后,物料在炉管内就发生裂解反应,这一部分称为反应区。预热区的长度总是远小于反应区长度,有时则是物料一进入辐射段就开始发生裂解反应,换句话说,预热区的 相似文献
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介绍了乙烯装置裂解炉 BA101由SRT-Ⅳ型改造为CBL-R型,实施了重新优化排布对流段预热管排,辐射段炉管更换为2-1-1-1炉管构型并安装扭曲片。从裂解炉改造后1年来的运行情况及数据分析看,该裂解炉烟道气温度明显降低,热效率和裂解炉投料量得到了提高,吨物料消耗燃料量、炉膛温度比改造前降低,从已运行的4个周期看,裂解炉的运转周期能达到大于80天的设计指标。 相似文献
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乙烯裂解炉内复杂物理化学过程耦合模拟与优化能够满足乙烯装置对高效率、低污染和低成本的设计和操作要求,对提高乙烯工业的竞争力具有重要意义。针对简单燃烧机理难以准确预测炉膛燃烧生成NOx浓度分布的弊端,提出了在裂解炉使用更准确的简化GRI-Mesh 3.0机理结合涡耗散概念(EDC)模型的方法,并对Sandia Flame D的燃烧过程进行计算流体力学(CFD)模拟,验证了此耦合模型的可靠性。在已建立的燃烧模型的基础上,研究了助燃空气对降低裂解炉NO排放的影响,结果表明:在满足裂解炉热效率的情况下,空气预热温度为300~600 K、过量空气系数为1.1时降低NO的效果最佳。 相似文献
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对乙烯裂解炉对流段的设计进行了研究,建立了对流段计算模型。此模型具有设计型和核算型功能,能计算裂解炉对流段各段管排的热负荷、工艺物料和烟气侧的压力降以及管排的传热系数、管壁温度、翅尖温度等。以某S型炉和某G型炉的设计数据与模型计算数据进行对比,验证了该模型具有较高的准确性,满足工程设计的要求。最后使用此对流段设计模型,提出通过改变进料位置、选择注汽方式、调整管排布置等来优化裂解炉对流段设计的理念。 相似文献
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介绍了东方乙烯装置及其裂解炉的基本情况。通过严格控制进厂原料质量,充分利用乙烷、丙烷等优质裂解原料来实现裂解原料的优化;通过优化裂解深度、强化裂解炉的生产运行管理、试用裂解炉快速烧焦技术来实现裂解条件与操作的优化;通过实施裂解炉石脑油原料预热系统改造、扭曲片管强化传热技术的应用、裂解炉炉底及相关设备改造、裂解炉风机增加变频器、裂解炉超高压蒸汽过热段改造、裂解炉汽包多级节流孔板排污改造等一系列节能降耗措施不断提升裂解炉的先进性。阐述了历年来东方乙烯在裂解炉的经济运行方面所做的大量工作,介绍了通过节能降耗系列项目的实施所取得的成效。 相似文献
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Kinetic data related to complex mixtures of reactants and catalysts are necessary to simulate design and rate industrial chemical reactors. In the particular case of Fluidised-bed Catalytic Cracking, the main reaction takes place in riser reactors; whereas laboratory data are obtained in small fixed bed reactors. Even though this important difference in size and hydrodynamics, laboratory reactors are used to estimate, accurately, yield to products and apparent activation energies of the reactions proposed; however estimated frequency factors are very different from the ones observed at industrial reactors. In this work a scaling-up of frequency factors is performed, assuming that activation energies estimated in laboratory are correct. The adjusting effort is minimised because it is necessary to scale-up only one of the reaction rates and the rest of them are fitted proportionally to the first one. A 5-lump kinetic scheme for catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oils is used to test this approach; prediction obtained for industrial yields is very accurate. 相似文献
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王立坤 《煤炭加工与综合利用》2020,(1):53-56,I0002
介绍了国富炉技术的开发背景及当前我国兰炭行业的生产现状,国富炉具有科技创新优势,采用低能耗、低物耗的中低温热解方式进行低阶煤的分质转化利用,实现了中低温热解的工业化运行,煤气、焦油、半焦产品收率高,品质好,并可实现灵活调控,能量利用率高,装置可长周期运行,综合性能和指标达到国际领先水平;推广应用国富炉技术可促进兰炭行业的持续健康发展。 相似文献
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In the present paper the performance of a composite isothermal catalytic pellet in the cracking of Gas-Oil is examined theoretically. The composite pellet contains spherical particles of X-Zeolite uniformly dispersed in a Silica-Alumina matrix. It is assumed that the cracking of gas oil for the production of Gasoline can be described by three-lumped components. The composite pellet deactivates due to coke formation and the deactivation is included in the calculations. The application of the composite pellet model to Thermofor Catalytic Crackers provides a fairly good agreement with available industrial data. The pellet radius and the volume fraction of zeolite play major roles in the behaviour of a composite Catalytic Cracking catalyst. 相似文献
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C. Sarmoria A. Brandolin A. Lpez‐Rodríguez K. S. Whiteley B. Del Amo Fernndez 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2000,40(6):1480-1494
We have incorporated mass balances of monomer, radical and polymer species to a previously developed mixing model for high pressure autoclave polymerization reactors. The customary quasi steady state approximation is not used, and the method of moments is used to simplify the mass balance calculations. The resulting moment model is able to calculate conversions, average molecular weights, long chain branching and melt flow indexes at any point in the reactor. It may also calculate concentration and temperature profiles along the reactor. Results for two base cases are presented in detail. Model predictions were compared with experimental data obtained at the industrial reactor; excellent agreement was obtained. The moment balance equations are presented in a modular way so that they may be easily adapted to be used with any other mixing model for this type of reactor. 相似文献
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The rapid increase of petroleum prices compelled to petro-chemical industries to figure out ways to remove any potential redundancies in and out of their network. The increasing attention on integrating activities that have been addressed separately is in line with this trend. Particularly this paper addresses a naphtha feeding problem for Naphtha Cracking Center (NCC). The naphtha feeding problem involves two key operations: delivering naphtha from refineries to NCC and blending naphtha in storage tanks before feeding it to NCC. While the first is concerned with selecting sources and scheduling the loading and unloading of naphtha, the latter involves the transfer of the naphtha from storage tanks to a charging tank. This paper considers both issues simultaneously by transforming them into a single mixed linear integer programming problem of minimizing the cost function of naphtha prices, shipping expenses, and unloading costs, etc. A numerical example of a real industrial case is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model. 相似文献
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整装反应器起燃阶段传热的数学模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
整装反应器已经广泛地应用于催化领域,其暂态传热特性对反应器的起燃有重要作用。本文研究了整装反应器在反应点火前起燃阶段的传热,通过对绝热反应器建立的简单一维传热数学模型的求解,分析了固相轴向导热、气流性质、催化剂性质及反应器设计参数对传热的影响,比较了用金属体和陶瓷体时基体热响应的不同。 相似文献