中心金属原子对萘酞菁化合物激发态的光学非线性增强效应

应用Z-扫描技术对比研究了萘酞菁铅和萘酞菁钯化合物在波长为532 nm纳秒激光脉冲作用下的三阶非线光学特性。实验结果表明,两种萘酞菁化合物均显现出较强的非线性吸收特性(反饱和吸收)和非线性折射特性(自聚焦)。理论拟合得出萘酞菁铅和萘酞菁钯的非线性吸收系数分别为6.5410-10 m/W和3.9010-10 m/W;非线性折射系数率n2分别为1.6810-10 esu和8.0410-11 esu;二阶分子超极化率系数分别为3.4410-28 esu和2.5710-28 esu,CS2二阶分子超极化率系数为4.3210-33 esu;两种萘酞菁化合物的二阶分子超极化率强于CS2近5个数量级。实验结果表明,萘酞菁铅化合物具有较强的非线性吸收和非线性折射特性,且大于萘酞菁钯化合物的光学非线性特性是由于萘酞菁铅化合物的重原子效应提高了其光学非线性特性。     

不对称取代萘酞菁化合物的LB膜及二阶非线性光学特性研究

近年来,人们对萘酞菁类化合物的研究兴趣不断增加,这主要是由于萘酞菁类化合物比酞菁类化合物具有更大的共轭体系,共轭π-电子更为丰富,因此它们在许多方面的性能比相应的酞菁化合物优越得多.萘酞菁化合物巨大的共轭π-电子体系容易被极化,有利于产生非线性光学效应.利用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)技术能够制备纳米尺度上精确可控的、有序排列的、非中心对称结构的超薄膜,实现大的宏观二阶非线性极化率. 实验所用的两种不对称取代萘酞菁化合物是由中科院感光化学所合成的,分别为三叔丁基萘酞菁(简写为NPC1)、三叔丁基氰基萘酞菁(简写为NPC2).LB多层膜的制备是在德国R&K公司制造的Langmuir槽制膜系统上完成的. 实验表明,两种不对称取代萘酞菁化合物均能在气液界面上形成稳定的单分子膜,并能很好地转移到固体基板上形成LB多层膜;它们在稀溶液中主要以单体分子的形式存在,而在LB膜中则主要是以聚集体的形式存在;尽管这两种萘酞菁化合物均能产生二次谐波信号,但是由于它们的结构不同,其二阶非线性极化率系数的大小相差较大,三叔丁基氰基萘酞菁的二阶非线性极化率系数χ(2)为3.7×10-8 esu(或超极化率β为7.2×10-30 esu),约为三叔丁基萘酞菁的37倍.这主要是由于氰基具有很强吸电子的能力,使NPC2分子内形成了较大的偶极矩,LB膜使得分子有序排列,因而LB膜宏观的偶极矩也较大,从而具有较大的二阶非线性极化率.(OB16)     

新型萘酞菁化合物的反饱和吸收和光限幅特性研究

报道了四溴代萘酞菁铜的反饱和吸收和光限幅特性.通过对比研究,分析了金属原子和溴原子的引入对激发态光物理特性的影响.溴取代萘酞菁铜的光限幅性能优于萘酞菁铜和富勒烯.     

四叔丁基碘代萘酞菁镓的合成及非线性特性

合成了四叔丁基碘代萘酞菁镓((t-Bu)4NcGaI)化合物,利用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等方法,验证了化合物的分子结构。该化合物的Q带在近红外区(801 nm),相对酞菁化合物红移了70 nm。应用调Q倍频纳秒/皮秒Nd∶YAG脉冲激光,在波长为532 nm,脉冲宽度为4.5 ns,重复频率为2 Hz,脉冲能量39.8μJ的条件下,测试了浓度为1.22×10-4mol/L化合物CH2Cl2溶液的Z-扫描曲线。测得它的非线性折射率n2和三阶非线性极化率χ(3)分别为2.54×10-11esu和9.51×10-12esu。由此计算化合物分子极化率γ′为3.3×10-29esu。     

高可见光透射率的溴取代萘酞菁锌化合物的光限幅特性研究

应用倍频Nd:YAG脉冲激光,在波长为532nm,脉冲宽度分别为8ns和23ps的条件下,研究了四溴-2,3-萘酞菁锌()(tetrabromo-2,3-naphthalocyanineZinc())化合物的光限幅特性。实验结果表明,在可见光透射率达到93%的条件下,该化合物具有良好的光限幅特性     

二萘并噻吩四酮在飞秒激光下的三阶非线性光学性能

合成了化合物二萘并[2,3-b:2',3'-d]噻吩-5,7,12,13-四酮,用IR,1H NMR和元素分析表征了其结构.采用波长为800 nm,脉宽为80fs的钛宝石飞秒激光,运用简并四波混频(DFWM)法,研究了化合物在非共振状态下的三阶非线性光学(NLO)性能.三阶非线性光学极化率为2.73×10-13 esu,非线性折射率为5.03×10-12esu,分子二阶超极化率为2.85×1031esu,响应时间为86fs.分析了化合物的分子结构对三阶非线性光学性能的影响.结果表明此化合物具有潜在的非线性光学应用.     

一种新型材料的LB膜及非线性光学特性研究

研究了一种包含西佛氏碱和萘酰亚胺的新型材料的LB膜的制备 ,并采用π A等温曲线和紫外 可见吸收谱对其LB膜的制备特性进行了表征。单分子膜的崩溃压力在 30mN/m左右 ,对应的单分子的面积约为 1.8nm2 。π A等温线的固相区较为陡峭 ,在空气 水界面上 ,能形成了较好的单分子膜 ,并可以较好的转移到固体基板上 ,转移比可保持在 1± 0 .1的范围内。采用二次谐波产生的方法研究了LB单层膜的二阶非线性光特性。测量了二次谐波强度随基频光入射角的变化关系 ,其二次谐波信号的最大值在约 6 0°的入射角处。这种化合物具有较大的二阶非线性极化率。它的二阶非线性光特性起源于由苯乙烯形成的共轭π 电子体系     

烷氧基酞菁铅类反饱和吸收化合物的制备及性质研究

合成了三种烷氧基取代的金属酞菁铅，利用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱(HNMR)等方法，验证了化合物的分子结构。将它们分别掺入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中，制备出具有非线性光学性质的复合材料。测试了它们在甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的可见光谱(200～800nm)。用波长为532nm的YAG倍频调Q脉冲激光以8ns的脉冲速率测试复合材料的反饱和吸收的光限幅特性，使用现象学的方法对它们的光限幅现象进行了拟合。拟合结果与实验结果基本一致。三种化合物中叔丁烷氧基酞菁铅反饱和吸收效果最好，这是由于短支链基团有利于酞菁环自身结构的共轭性提高，并能够阻止酞菁分子间发生低聚。     

双氮杂桥C60衍生物的合成及非线性光学性质

为了研究一种新型双氮杂桥C60衍生物的非线性光学特性,利用z扫描和光限幅实验分别研究了该化合物在532nm、脉宽8ns条件下的非线性光学和光限幅特性,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,该化合物有较强的非线性吸收和非线性折射,非线性吸收系数=1.9210-10m/W,3阶非线性系数（3）=6.3410-12esu;化合物有较低的光限幅箝位值。该化合物是一种非常有前途的非线性光学材料。     

气相沉积法制备含酞菁铜聚酰亚胺薄膜的光电性能研究

在2×10-3Pa真空度下,以酞菁铜(CuPc)、均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)和二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为原料,通过控制三源单体的加入摩尔计量、加热时间和其沉积速率,在玻璃衬底上合成了含酞菁铜的聚酰胺酸,再经150～200℃真空加热亚胺化1h后得到了成膜性良好的均匀含酞菁铜聚酰亚胺薄膜.红外谱图证实了所合成产物的结构,紫外吸收分析表明含酞菁铜聚酰亚胺薄膜在可见光区、近红外区具有较强的吸收,热失重分析表明所制备的含酞菁铜聚酰亚胺具有良好的热稳定性能;简并四波混频方法测得薄膜的三阶非线性极化率为1.984×10-9esu,表现出良好的三阶非线性特性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.