高拱坝表孔宽尾墩对泄洪能力影响的试验研究

为了研究高拱坝采用堰顶宽尾墩收缩射流技术对过流能力的影响，本文在溪洛渡1∶100的整体模型上对不同堰前水头和不同宽尾墩收缩比条件下的流态和泄流量进行了试验研究。结果表明，随着堰前水头和不同宽尾墩收缩比的变化，闸室中会出现自由跌流、急流冲击波、水跃壅水和缓流4种不同的流态，而不同的流态，影响泄流量的因素也不同，定量给出了设计洪水及校核洪水时收缩比对过流能力的影响。     

宽尾墩收缩比对高拱坝表孔影响的数值模拟研究

本文对具有不同收缩比的宽尾墩挑坎进行了数值模拟计算,对流道水力特性进行了研究。结果表明:收缩比越小,流道水深越高,压强也越大,这对挑坎的结构受力有不利影响;当收缩比小于0.36后,流道泄流能力开始显著减小。综合来看,收缩比为0.36-0.64是合适的,研究成果可为高拱坝表孔宽尾墩挑坎的工程设计与应用提供参考。     

静水中摆推式水翼的水动力分析与实验研究

针对静水中作摆动推进的水翼，采用用非定常涡格法对其进行水动力分析，并进行了静水中的相关推进实验。在理论计算中作者提出了一种非线性尾涡面模型处理办法，并将这种尾涡面模型下的计算结果与试验结果进行了对比，对比表明在计算中采用这种非线性尾涡面效果理想。最后，针对提出的这种非线性尾涡模型处理方法展开了进一步的探讨，并按此计算了有来流工况下的尾涡面形状，给出了计算结果。     

单向流作用下多桩承台式基础局部冲刷数值模拟研究

该文在清水条件下，对海上风电多桩承台式基础的局部冲刷进行了数值研究。结果表明，冲刷过程、深度和流场特征受到桩间距比(G/D=2.0～5.0,G为桩柱中心距，D为桩柱直径)的影响显著。不同G/D下，冲刷坑形态产生较大差异：当G/D=2时，冲刷特性与单桩局部冲刷特性较为相似；当G/D=3时，上游桩后尾涡脱落相互作用，产生顺流向涡结构，显著削弱了下游桩前马蹄涡强度，降低了冲刷速度。；当G/D=4和5时，上游桩后尾涡脱落作用于下游桩，加速下游桩周泥沙起动，在下游产生了更大的冲刷深度。此外，还讨论了不同G/D情况下的尾涡脱落模式及其与泥沙运输的相互作用。     

宽尾墩—消力池的简化计算方法

本文对含有分流的水跃方程的特性进行了讨论，提出了宽尾墩—消力池等效分流比的概念，利用安康等几个工程的试验资料给出了等效分流 比和的关系，讨论了宽尾墩—消力池优于平尾墩消力池的条件，并用算例表明了用等效分流比估算宽尾墩—消力池的跃后水深或选择宽尾墩的收缩比是非常方便的。     

偏航工况下风力机尾流特性分析

采用基于涡流理论的自由尾迹模型对风力机处于偏航工况下的尾涡结构进行计算,分析其对尾流特性的影响规律。结果表明:风力机偏航运行时,尾涡呈现出非对称的偏斜结构,且尾涡偏斜角大于偏航入流角;尾涡系中,叶片附着涡对尾流的诱导影响主要在轴向和径向方向,近尾迹涡及远尾迹涡对尾流的诱导影响主要在切向和径向方向;尾流区内流动以轴向流动和径向流动为主,尾流区外流动以轴向流动和切向流动为主。     

方形桥墩紊动特性及尾涡区尺寸PIV试验

为探讨方形桥墩周围紊动特性和墩后尾涡区尺寸变化规律,基于粒子图像测速(PIV)技术对方形桥墩附近水流结构进行了测量,并对不同雷诺数(7500≤Re≤20000)下方形桥墩附近紊动特性和墩后尾涡区尺寸进行了分析。结果表明:墩侧紊动强度沿横向先增大至极大值,而后迅速减小至零附近,且随着雷诺数的增大,墩侧水流紊动的影响范围逐渐扩大;根据实测数据,拟合出桥墩相对紊流宽度和墩后尾涡区相对时均体积与弗劳德数的关系式,两者与弗劳德数分别存在较好的幂函数和二次函数关系,同时拟合得到了墩后尾涡区相对时均面积与相对水深和弗劳德数的关系式,且相关性良好。     

基于B样条网格的三维水翼水动力性能研究

该文应用低阶速度势面元法建立了预报三维水翼水动力性能的数值方法，重点对翼梢和尾涡进行了研究。文中采用基于B样条的网格划分方法,在水翼前缘处的弦向网格线与外轮廓线正交,在尾缘处与尾涡离开的速度方向相一致。翼梢上尾涡分离点的位置采用迭代的方法进行确定。对于三维升力问题而言，横向流动的影响作用很大，本文对现有的库塔条件形式进行了改进，在考虑横流影响的前提下，满足随边荷载为零的条件。通过对计算结果与试验结果进行比较表明，将基于B样条的网格划分方法及改进的库塔条件应用于已有的面元法程序中，能够很好地改善计算结果的精度。     

平面激光诱导荧光技术测量横流中射流浓度场的研究

利用已建立的考虑了二维数字校正的ＰＬＩＦ浓度场测量系统获得了横流中单孔和五孔垂向射流四种典型工况浓度场，观测到低流速比时射流出分叉现象及尾涡，并给出了马蹄涡结构沿水深的变化过程，文中还对单孔射流的特性进行了比较，分析。     

C形钝体绕流的尾涡结构与水动力特性分析

该文以不同攻角(0°<α<180°)的C形钝体在低雷诺数(40相似文献   

方型人工鱼礁周围水流运动的数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,模拟得到了5种不同来流速度(0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 m/s)下方型人工鱼礁(边长为3 m)周围的水流场。铅垂平面上的计算结果表明:当水流贴近礁体迎流面时,水流抬升而形成上升流;不同来流速度工况下,上升流最大速度均约为来流速度的0.64倍,上升流平均速度均为来流速度的0.12倍,而上升流的最大高度为礁体高度的2.62～2.65倍;由于流动分离,在礁体顶面形成一小旋涡区,而在礁体背水面后端形成背涡区;5种来流速度下的背涡区长度均为礁体高度的3.0～3.5倍,而背涡区高度为礁体高度的1.1～1.2倍。水平面上的计算结果表明:紧贴礁体四周为水流减速区,在礁体两侧形成小旋涡区(缓流区),而在礁体背部形成一大旋涡区(背涡区);背涡区内的水流旋涡结构随来流速度大小而变,但背涡区的最大宽度基本不随来流速度的改变而改变,约为礁体宽度的2倍。     

NUMERICAL STUDIES ON THE PROPULSION AND WAKE STRUCTURES OF FINITE-SPAN FLAPPING WINGS WITH DIFFERENT ASPECT RATIOS

An immersed-boundary method is used to investigate the flapping wings with different aspect ratios ranging from 1 to 5. The numerical results on wake structures and the performance of the propulsion are given. Unlike the case of the two-dimensional flapping foil, the wing-tip vortices appear for the flow past a three-dimensional flapping wing, which makes the wake vortex structures much different. The results show that the leading edge vortex merges into the trailing edge vortex, connects with the wing tip vortices and then sheds from the wing. A vortex ring forms in the wake, and exhibits different patterns for different foil aspect ratios. Analysis of hydrodynamic performances shows that both thrust coefficient and efficiency of the flapping wing increase with increasing aspect ratio.     

The method to control the submarine horseshoe vortex by breaking the vortex core

The quality of the inflow across the propeller is closely related with the hydrodynamic performance and the noise characteristics of the propeller. For a submarine, with a horseshoe vortex generated at the junction of the main body and the appendages, the submarine wake is dominated by a kind of highly non-uniform flow field, which has an adverse effect on the performance of the submarine propeller. In order to control the horseshoe vortex and improve the quality of the submarine wake, the flow field around a submarine model is simulated by the detached eddies simulation （DES） method, and the vortex configuration is displayed using the second invariant of the velocity derivative tensor. The state and the transition process of the horseshoe vortex are analyzed, then a modified method to break the vortex core by a vortex baffle is proposed. The flow numerical simulation is carried out to study the effect of this method. Numerical simulations show that, with the breakdown of the vortex core, many unstable vortices are shed and the energy of the horseshoe vortex is dissipated quickly, and the uniformity of the submarine wake is improved. The submarine wake test in a wind tunnel has verified the effect of the method to control the horseshoe vortex. The vortex baffle can improve the wake uniformity in cases of high Reynolds numbers as well, and it does not have adverse effects on the maneuverability and the speed ability of the submarine.     

Experimental investigation of flow past a circular cylinder with hydrophobic coating

A series of experiments are performed in a gravitational low-speed water tunnel to investigate the influence of the hydrophobic coating on the flow past a circular cylinder. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles behind the cylinders are measured using the hot-film anemometer while the separation angles are obtained with the flow visualization technology. For the Reynolds number lower than 3 800, the hydrophobic coatings are in the Cassie state, the velocity deficit and the turbulence intensity in the wake of the hydrophobic cylinders are lower than those of the smooth cylinders which implies the drag reduction effect of the hydrophobic coatings. When the Reynolds number becomes higher than 6 600, the hydrophobic coatings turn into the Wenzel state. Through decomposing the velocity data in the turbulent wake into different scales based on the orthogonal wavelet transform, it is found that the total turbulence intensity in the wake of the hydrophobic cylinders becomes almost the same as in the wake of the smooth cylinders while the intensity of the large scales of vortex components in the wake of the hydrophobic cylinders is still lower. Furthermore, the separation angles show the same trend as a function of the Reynolds number but always take smaller values for the hydrophobic cylinders.     

海山后尾迹涡形成因素的数值研究

该文采用regional ocean modeling system(ROMS)海洋模式,对理想channel中的海山模型,研究均匀分层流作用下,不同的伯格数和来流条件对海山诱导的尾迹涡及垂向流动的影响。结果表明,伯格数越大,越有利于海山后尾迹涡的产生,涡的强度不断增大,且涡脱落频率加快;随流速的增加,海山后尾迹涡的强度增大,涡脱落频率加快,且海山周围的垂向流动增强;当来流速度较低(0.05 m/s)及较高(0.8 m/s)时,均不利于在海山后形成稳定的垂向流动。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE NEW METHOD OF HORSESHOE VORTEX CONTROL

The horseshoe vortex generated around the sail-body junction of a submarine has an important influence on the uniformity of the submarine wake at the propeller disc. In this article, the horseshoe vortex is simulated by the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) method, and a new method to control the horseshoe vortex by vortex control baffler is proposed. The numerical simulation shows that a kind of attached vortex, with the rotation direction opposite to that of horseshoe vortex, is generated by the vortex control baffler. With the attached vortex, the strength of the horseshoe vortex is significantly reduced. The wind tunnel experiment on a submarine model is carried out, and the axial velocities at the propeller disc of the submarine with and without vortex control baffler are measured by a hot wire anemometer system. It is shown from the experimental results that the vortex control baffler can enhance the uniformity of the wake at the propeller disc, which helps to improve the propeller performance. The engineering applicability of the vortex control baffler is discussed.     

矩形管道中平板障碍物后旋涡发射特性研究

通过理论推导及流动显示实验，研究了矩形管道中平板障碍物后旋涡发射频率及尾流特征。结果得到了旋涡发射频率与雷诺数、平板阻塞率之间的关系，特别是发现了在高阻塞率条件下，当雷诺数增至某个临界值时旋涡发射被抑制，以及尾流存在周期性旋涡发射和无明显周期性的回流区两种不同的流动状态。本文还分析了上述现象的流动机理，即尾流特性主要取决于两边的分离剪切流之间的相互作用。     

A numerical study on dispersion of particles from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow using discrete vortex method

The dispersion of particles emitted from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow at the Reynolds number of 200 000 is numerically investigated using the discrete vortex method coupled with a Lagrangian approach for solid particle tracking. The wake vortex patterns, the temporal-spatial distributions and trajectories as well as the dispersion functions for particles with various Stokes numbers（St） ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 are obtained. The numerical results reveal that：（1） Solid particles on the cylinder surface are picked up and then transported away from the cylinder by the wake vortex flow.（2） Solid particles emitted from the cylinder surface always follow the vortices in the cylinder wake, and the response of particles to wake vortices is directly related to their Stokes numbers（particles with St= 0.001, 0.0038, 0.01 can distribute both in the vortex core and around the vortex periphery, whereas those with St= 0.1, 1.0 can not enter the vortex core and congregate mainly around the vortex periphery）.（3） The particles move in rolling state in the wake region, and the dispersion intensity of particles in the lateral direction decreases remarkably as the Stokes number of particles is increased from 0.001 to 1.0.     

EXPERIMENT ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 3-D VORTEX RING BEHIND A FLEXIBLE OSCILLATING CAUDAL FIN

A test for the wake vortex of a flexible oscillating caudal fin is carried out with Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV), and the variation of vortex distance and the vorticity in the range of oscillating frequency from 0.704 Hz to 1.17 Hz are analyzed. It is found that with the increase of the oscillating frequency, the vortex distance decreases and the peak of the vorticity increases, When the Strouhal number is smaller than 0.49, a larger thrust component is obtained. The distribution of the velocity circulation and the vortex distance in the different spanwise section of the caudal fin are given, and then the dimension of the vortex ring is determined. The radius of the vortex ring is 79.3 mm and the average velocity circulation is 28152.9 mm²/s at the oscillating frequency of 0.835 Hz. The model of 3-D vortex ring chain of flexible oscillating caudal fin is constructed based on the information of wake vortex field. Finally, an effective analysis method is provided for establishing the relationship of oscillating parameters for the caudal fin and the wake structure and the intrinsic mechanism of efficient fish swimming is investigated.     

ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMICS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW AROUND WAVING PLATES

Hydrodynamic characteristics for two-dimensional flow around a waving plate are investigated. Under large Reynolds number approximation, the flow is assumed to be a combination of the outer potential flow and a thin vortex layer, which consists of a boundary layer and a shed free shear layer. A nonlinear mathematical formulation for describing the outer unsteady potential flow coupled with an unsteady boundary layer equation for the inner viscous flow adjacent to the waving plate is developed. A semi-analytical method with a nonlinear Kutta condition imposed at the trailing edge is used to solve the velocity field of the outer flow and the evolution of wake vortex induced by a large-amplitude waving plate. The unsteady boundary layer equation is solved by extending Pohlhausen’s method to its unsteady counterpart. The thrust and viscous drag coefficients, propulsive efficiency, and the pattern of wake vortex sheet are discussed.