小波域中的PDE指纹图像增强

提出了一种基于偏微分方程的小波域指纹增强算法。分析了一致性扩散方程的缺陷,改为使用方向扩散使方程严格沿着指纹纹路扩散;进而提出了一种基于方向扩散的小波域指纹增强算法。该算法利用小波域低频系数图增强指纹,抑制了噪声的影响,将增强子图利用小波逆变换实现重构。通过对FVC2002的dB4指纹库中部分低质量图像的增强结果比较,表明该算法对低质量指纹图像的增强效果明显,且处理速度比现存的基于PDE的增强方法快。     

一种新型自适应指纹图像增强算法

针对Gabor滤波器在处理低质量指纹图像时增强效果不佳的缺陷,提出一种基于方向域和频率域的新型自适应Gabor滤波增强算法。该算法改进了指纹图像方向图和纹线频率的提取方法,通过计算图像方向一致性和平均纹线频率两个参数来共同自适应地调节Gobor滤波器变换窗的大小。实验结果表明：对于低质量指纹图像,该算法大大提高了方向图准确性,而且自适应Gabor滤波器在处理不同类型的指纹时更具优越性。     

基于Radon变换的指纹图像滤波增强方法

基于Gabor滤波实现过干指纹图像的增强是一种较好的方法,如何估计Gabor滤波器的参数是解决问题的关键。本文采用Radon变换来估计Gabor滤波中的方向和频率,然后进行Gabor滤波增强。通过对FVC2000指纹库中的部分过干的指纹图像进行增强,结果表明,该方法增强效果明显,处理速度较快。     

基于SoPC的低质量指纹图像预处理算法研究与实现

针对指纹质量的差异性,提出一种带有多指标质量判别的增强预处理方法,融合空域和小波域上的指标对指纹进行干、湿和质量好坏的分类,对可恢复的低质量指纹进行基于小波变换的增强预处理。算法通过Matlab进行验证。同时搭建基于SoPC技术的嵌入式平台,在Altera公司的DE2开发板上实现了整个质量判别及增强算法。结果表明,该流程能有效判断指纹的可用性,对低质量指纹增强效果显著。     

基于加博函数的指纹增强算法及其应用

指纹增强对于提高细节特征提取的准确率乃至整个自动指纹识别系统的性能实现都具有重要的意义.研究了基于加博(Gabor)函数的指纹增强算法,对纹线方向提取算法进行了改进,提出了一种纹线频率提取方法,给出了加博函数用于指纹增强的具体应用形式,以指纹图像的纹线方向和纹线频率为参数,使用加博函数实现了对指纹图像的增强处理,并使用南京大学活体指纹库中的部分典型低质量图像样本对算法性能进行了测试.实验结果表明,该算法对低质量图像具有显著的增强效果,增强后可以有效地降低指纹匹配的拒识率(false reject rate,简称FRR),处理速度和增强效果可以基本上满足在线自动指纹识别系统的需要.     

基于小波变换和频域滤波的指纹增强方法

本文提出一种基于小波变换和频域滤波的指纹图像增强方法.首先提出一种基于小波变换的阈值分割方法,有效地分离出指纹图像的前景区和背景区,对前景区进行小渡变换,仅利用小波变换的低频子图估计纹线的方向和频率信息,从而抑制了噪音等高频信息对估计值的影响.针对小波变换后低频子图与高频子图的不同特点和增强目标,在低频子图设计Gabor滤波器,而在各高频子图设计方向滤波器,实现图像的频域滤波.最后进行小波重构.实验结果证明,该算法有效地增强了指纹图像的质量.     

一种新的基于相位保持的指纹图像增强算法

图像的相位信息在人眼感知图像的过程中起着十分重要的作用。如果指纹图像增强算法能够保证图像的相位信息不被破坏,将有助于保持指纹图像中纹理特征的不变。首先通过实验表明了指纹图像的纹理特征主要是由图像的相位信息来决定的,然后把相位保持原理引入到指纹图像增强算法中,提出一种新的基于相位保持的指纹图像增强算法。该算法采用复Gabor小波来提取指纹图像的相位信息,并利用指纹图像的局部方向信息在相位保持的原则下来进行图像增强。为了验证该算法的有效性,选取了两种低质量的指纹图像来进行处理,实验结果表明增强后的图像其图像质量有了显著的提高。     

一种改进的指纹图像增强算法

指纹识别一般包括指纹采集、图像预处理、特征提取及特征匹配等步骤.其中图像预处理中的指纹图像增强是最关键的步骤,直接影响特征提取和匹配.论文针对指纹采集中存在的指纹图像局部模糊的问题,提出了一种改进的基于Gabor函数的指纹增强算法.该算法首先对指纹图像进行归一化处理,然后对指纹图像分成奇异区和非奇异区分别进行点方向和块方向的求取,最后用改进的Gabor滤波器对指纹图像进行增强.实践表明,该方法能提高指纹图像增强的效果和速度.     

Gabor滤波的指纹图像增强的应用研究

在大多数指纹采集过程中都会受到手指皮肤干湿度、皮肤受损程度和采集时手指压力度等因素的影响,从而导致采集的指纹图像中脊线有明显的断痕,存在大量的低质量区.为了提高指纹采集图像的清晰度,进而提升指纹识别的准确率和识别速度,本文选用Gabor滤波算法来增强指纹图像,其中包括对图像进行归一化、估算指纹方向场和频率场以及Gabor滤波这三个过程.仿真结果表明,对原指纹图像进行Gabor滤波后,可以很好地增强和改善指纹图像中的低质量区域.     

掩膜法与Gabor滤波在指纹增强中的应用

在实时指纹识别系统中,图像增强的效果好坏将影响指纹特征提取及指纹鉴别的识别率.为了解决指纹采集仪采集图像对比度差而且指纹损坏严重情况下识别效果不佳的问题,采用了对反锐化掩膜后指纹图像采用Gabor滤波方法进行图像增强的算法.用反锐化掩膜法预处理指纹图像,并用Sobel算子求取图像的水平和垂直梯度图,把预处理后图像与Gabor函数卷积得到增强图像,可以恢复指纹采集图像中难以识别区域,清楚再现指纹纹理.结果表明,掩膜法与Gabor滤波算法结合在指纹图像增强中可以达到理想的图像增强效果.     

Two-stage quality adaptive fingerprint image enhancement using Fuzzy C-means clustering based fingerprint quality analysis

Fingerprint recognition techniques are dependent on the quality of fingerprint images. An efficient enhancement algorithm improves the performance of recognition algorithms for poor quality images. Performance improvement of the recognition algorithms will be more if the enhancement process is adaptive to the fingerprint qualities (wet, dry or normal). In this paper, a quality adaptive fingerprint enhancement algorithm is proposed. The proposed fingerprint quality assessment (FQA) algorithm assigns the appropriate quality class of dry, wet, normal dry, normal wet, and good quality using Fuzzy C-means clustering technique to each fingerprint image. It considers seven features namely, mean, moisture, variance, uniformity, contrast, ridge valley area uniformity (RVAU), and ridge valley uniformity (RVU) to cluster the fingerprint images into suitable quality class. Fingerprint images of each quality class undergo through a two-stage fingerprint quality enhancement (FQE) process. In the first stage, a quality adaptive preprocessing (QAP) method is used to preprocess the fingerprint images. Next, fingerprint images are enhanced with Gabor, short-term Fourier transform (STFT), and oriented diffusion filtering (ODF) based enhancement techniques in the second stage. Experimental evaluations are performed on a quality driven database of FVC 2004. Results show that the performance improvement of 1.54% to 50.62% for NBIS matcher and 1.66% to 8.95% for VeriFinger matcher are achieved while the QAP based approaches are used in comparison to the current state-of-the-art enhancement techniques. In addition, the experimentation is also performed on FVC 2002 database to validate the robustness and efficacy of the proposed method.     

An effective algorithm for fingerprint image enhancement based on wavelet transform

Among all the fingerprint identification/verification systems, such as minutiae-based or filterbank-based fingerprint matching, the performance relies heavily on the quality of the input fingerprint images. In this paper, we propose an effective algorithm of fingerprint image enhancement, which can much improve the clarity and continuity of ridge structures based on the multiresolution analysis of global texture and local orientation by the wavelet transform. Experimental results show that the enhanced image quality by using the wavelet-based enhancement algorithm is much better than the other existing methods for improving the minutiae detection.     

一种有效的指纹图像方向滤波增强算法 *

方向滤波是沿着指纹纹线方向滤波的方法。一种方向滤波算法的有效性主要依赖于指纹图像方向估计的准确性和滤波模板构造的合理性。首先利用对低质量指纹图像鲁棒性较高的掩膜法估计点方向 ,并将点方向转换为块方向 ;然后使用八个方向的平滑滤波模板和锐化滤波模板 ,对指纹图像滤波进行增强 ;最后对增强后的指纹图像二值化。通过对 FVC2000指纹数据库 DB2中的指纹图像作增强处理 ,表明该算法增强效果较好。     

指纹图像融合迭代增强

从刑事现场采集的嫌疑人的指纹图像常是低质量的、残缺的,针对现有方法只做一次增强或不适合增强这类指纹图像,提出了指纹图像融合迭代增强方法。该方法分别在频域和空域两次增强,并采用小波图像融合技术进行迭代增强,有效地提高了脊线的清晰度,接续了脊线的断裂,修补了脊线的残缺。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的指纹图像增强效果,适合增强低质量的指纹图像。     

基于投影信号谱分析的指纹纹线间距估计方法

准确估计指纹纹线间距对指纹图像分割、增强及指纹细节特征提取具有重要意义。针对现有纹线间距估计方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于纹线方向投影信号谱分析的指纹纹线间距估计方法。该方法首先对指纹块方向图进行选择性平滑以滤除噪声干扰,然后计算方向投影信号的傅立叶变换能量谱,并通过谱分析提取信号基频,以此估计出纹线间距。实验结果表明,与现有的一些典型方法相比,该文方法对于纹线间距的估计更为准确、可靠。     

Fingerprint reference point identification based on chain encoded discrete curvature and bending energy

Reference point identification is important in automatic fingerprint recognition system as it can be used to align fingerprints in a correct orientation in spite of the possibility of different transformations in fingerprint images. It is also used in fingerprint classification, as it is desirable to classify fingerprint images for forensic type applications which require the input image to be verified against a large database. The important feature information useful for classification is centered near the reference point. Most of the current approaches for identifying the reference point either require determining ridge orientation or use some complex filters. These methods either operate on 2D (two dimensional) or are not robust to rotation or cannot be applied to every class of fingerprint image. This paper proposes a method to reliably identify unique reference point that operates in 1D (one dimensional). The method treats the fingerprint ridges as a non-overlapped sequence of chain code segments. A modified k-curvature method has been proposed to find the high-curvature area of fingerprint ridges. The reference point localization is based on the property of the ridge’s bending energy. The proposed method is tested on FVC2002 and FVC2004 standard datasets, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately locate reference point for all types of fingerprint images.     

基于Hermite滤波器的指纹增强算法

指纹增强的目的在于改善指纹图像的质量,以提高指纹识别系统的性能。提出了一种基于Hermite滤波器的指纹增强算法,算法利用经典的梯度公式法计算纹线方向,利用指纹图像子块的频谱分布特征计算纹线频率。以纹线方向和频率作为滤波器的主要参数,利用具有良好带通特性的Hermite滤波器和具有可变角度带宽的低通滤波器进行滤波,有效地提高指纹的纹理清晰度,较好地避免奇异点区域的块效应。实验结果表明,算法具有良好的图像增强效果。     

Fingerprint ridge orientation field reconstruction using the best quadratic approximation by orthogonal polynomials in two discrete variables

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for reconstructing the fingerprint orientation field (FOF). The basic idea of the algorithm is to reconstruct the ridge orientation by using the best quadratic approximation by orthogonal polynomials in two discrete variables. We first estimate the local region orientation by the linear projection analysis (LPA) based on the vector set of point gradients, and then reconstruct the ridge orientation field using the best quadratic approximation by orthogonal polynomials in two discrete variables in the sine domain. In this way, we solve the problem that is difficult to accurately extract low quality fingerprint image orientation fields. The experiments with the database of FVC 2004 show that, compared to the state-of-the-art fingerprint orientation estimation algorithms, the proposed method is more accurate and more robust against noise, and is able to better estimate the FOF of low quality fingerprint images with large areas of noise.