二氧化锰氧化间甲酚制取间羟基苯甲醛

研究了以间甲酚为原料,采用二氧化锰直接氧化合成间羟基苯甲醛,试验了反应条件对间甲酚转化率及间羟基苯甲醛收率的影响。结果表明：反应温度控制在0～10℃,硫酸浓度为10％～20％,二氧化锰用量为化学计量的110％～120℃,反应8～10h,控制反应转化率为68％（mol）,间羟基苯甲醛收率为60％（mol）,未转化的间甲酚可回收重复使用,回收率≥90％。     

间羟基苯甲醛的研制

以间甲酚为原料，经乙酰化、氯化和Ｓｏｍｍｅｌｅｔ反应合成间羟基苯甲醛，优化了工艺条件，其收率（基于间甲酚）可达７０％。     

间羟基苯甲醛的研制

以间甲酚为原料,经乙酰氧化,氯化为乙酰氧基氯苄和乙酰氧基氯亚苄的混合物,然后采用Ｓｏｍｍｅｌｅｔ反应合成间羟基苯甲醛。实验确定了适宜的工艺条件及原料消耗定额。     

间羟基苯甲醛的合成

以间甲酚为原料,经乙酰氧化,氯化成乙酰氧基氯苄和乙酰氧基氯化亚苄的混合物,然后使用Sommelet反应合成间羟基苯甲醛,优化了工艺条件,其收率(基于间甲酚)可达70%。     

3,5-二羟基苯甲醛的斯文氧化合成

以3,5-二羟基苯甲醇为原料,利用斯文氧化反应氧化羟甲基制备3,5-二羟基苯甲醛,收率83.1%并对氧化剂用量、滴加速度、反应介质及用量、萃取剂进行了优化。     

苯甲醛直接氯化法合成间氯苯甲醛

以苯甲醛为原料直接氯化合成间氯苯甲醛,通过对几种可能的催化剂进行比较,选择了无水三氯化铝作为该氯化反应的催化剂;用单因素方法和正交实验考察了原料液浓度、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对氯化反应的影响,得到了氯化反应优惠条件:苯甲醛1 33mol/L,无水三氯化铝1 70mol/L,反应时间30min,反应温度50℃。苯甲醛的转化率≥90%,间氯苯甲醛的收率≥79%,选择性为88%,氯化产品中基本无同分异构体。     

50t/a间羟基苯甲醛生产的技术经济分析

简述了以间甲酚为原料经乙酰化、氯化和Sommelet反应合成间羟基苯甲醛的生产工艺,并对50t/a生产线进行了技术经济分析.     

用间硝基甲苯开发精细化学品

以甲苯硝化副产间硝基甲苯为原料，介绍几种具有较高价值中间体间甲苯胺，间甲酚，间胺基苯甲醛，间羟基苯甲醛的开发方法，对间硝基甲苯的充分利用，具有重要的经济意义。     

间硝基肉桂醛的合成

间硝基肉桂醛是一种重要的有机合成中间体,也是一种用于食品、化妆品和药物等的香料。以苯甲醛为原料,通过对醛基的保护,然后再进行硝化,最后进行羟醛缩合反应,进而得到间硝基肉桂醛。对合成间硝基肉桂醛过程中的碱类型和用量及反应摩尔比和反应时间等进行了相应的探索,找到了较为适宜的反应条件,即选用氢氧化钾作为碱催化剂、间硝基苯甲醛∶氢氧化钾∶乙醛=1∶0.032∶6.6,反应温度为5~7℃,反应时间为2h时收率为54.9%。     

间羟基苯甲醛的合成路线述评

本文对间羟基苯甲醛的合成路线作了较系统的总结，并对以间甲酚为原料的氯化法进行了较详细的论述。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。