Model Predictive Torque Ripple Reduction with Weighting Factor Optimization Fed by an Indirect Matrix Converter

Abstract—Model predictive control has emerged as a powerful control tool in the field of power converter and drive's system. In this article, a weighting factor optimization for reducing the torque ripple of induction machine fed by an indirect matrix converter is introduced and presented. Therefore, an optimization method is adopted here to calculate the optimum weighting factor corresponding to minimum torque ripple. However, model predictive torque and flux control of the induction machine with conventionally selected weighting factor is being investigated in this article and is compared with the proposed optimum weighting factor based model predictive control algorithm to reduce the torque ripples. The proposed model predictive control scheme utilizes the discrete phenomena of power converter and predicts the future nature of the system variables. For the next sampling period, model predictive method selects the optimized switching state that minimizes a cost function based on optimized weighting factor to actuate the power converter. The introduced weighting factor optimization method in model predictive control algorithm is validated through simulations and shows potential control, tracking of variables with their respective references and consequently reduces the torque ripples corresponding to conventional weighting factor based predictive control method.     

双级矩阵变换器驱动异步电机直接转矩控制

在深入分析双级矩阵变换器整流级调制算法和逆变级直接转矩控制策略的基础上,提出了采用双级矩阵变换器驱动异步电机直接转矩控制的策略。换流方式采用零电流换流的思想,即整流级换流前后,在逆变级插入零开关状态,可以保证整流级的零电流换流。此控制策略结合了双级矩阵变换器和直接转矩控制的优点,功率因数可调且具有良好的动静态性能。仿真结果验证了该控制策略的可行性和有效性,表明该策略具有与直流调速系统相媲美的调速性能。     

An improved CSI fed induction motor drive

Current source inverter (CSI) drives are preferred over voltage source inverter (VSI) drives in high power applications where fast dynamic response is not required. Conventional CSI drives have drawbacks such as resonance, instability at low speeds and high torque ripple, due to which their applications are restricted. This paper presents an improved CSI fed drive configuration that addresses these major drawbacks, as well as other power quality issues associated with the conventional drives. Two active power filters (APFs) are used in the proposed drive. The drive ensures sinusoidal waveforms at both the input and the output terminals. A simple CSI power circuit switching at fundamental frequency is used. Further, the use of a standard six-pulse SCR based rectifier eliminates the bulky and expensive input transformer, thus reducing the overall system cost. The proposed configuration is verified for a high power rating vector controlled induction motor drive. The design of the controllers and operation of the APFs are explained. Simulation results for the entire operating region of the drive including low speed operation and the field weakening region are presented. Finally, an important result regarding the presence of undesired circulating currents with the common DC bus for the two APFs, is also reported. The solution to avoid this problem is presented.     

基于预测虚拟转矩控制的DFIG并网逆变方法

针对双馈风力发电机组(DFIG)高性能并网控制问题,提出一种DFIG并网逆变系统预测虚拟转矩控制方法。虚拟转矩的概念衍生于直接转矩控制中的电磁转矩,是由DFIG的转子磁链和电网虚拟磁链合成产生的。在建立DFIG并网逆变系统数学模型的基础上,分析了不同扇区中电压矢量对系统虚拟转矩、转子磁链的影响趋势,选取一个包含两个有效电压矢量和一个零电压矢量的三矢量序列,并给出功率无差拍跟踪时的矢量作用时间求取方法。最后,基于55 kW双馈风力发电实验样机对所提预测虚拟转矩方法进行性能验证。实验结果表明,该方法可实现DFIG系统平滑、无冲击并网,保证了并网接入点的动、稳态电能品质。     

基于矩阵变换器供电的感应电机DTC系统仿真研究

对于矩阵变换器供电的电机系统,空间矢量调制法只能实现简单的开环VVVF控制且对输入电压抗干扰性能差.基于矩阵变换器开关状态的分析,把矩阵变换器视为直流母线电压为输入线电压的电压源逆变器,并通过仿真实验,验证了矩阵变换器供电的感应电机直接转矩控制系统的可行性.通过对矩阵变换器输入线电压为高、中、低3种情况下直接转矩控制转矩脉动的分析,得出了一种有效减小转矩脉动的控制方法.输入电压非正常下的仿真结果表明矩阵变换器供电的感应电机直接转矩控制系统对输入电压具有较强的鲁棒性.     

DTC与MPTC自适应切换的表贴式永磁同步电机控制策略

针对传统表贴式永磁同步电机(SPMSM)模型预测转矩控制(MPTC)备选电压矢量数目多,计算负担较大等问题,将传统MPTC的7个备选电压矢量精简为1个由开关表输出的电压矢量和1个零电压矢量。仿真结果表明:该控制策略可有效减小转矩脉动和平均开关频率,消除了转速阶跃下的磁链脉动,并将MPTC的运算次数降低到2次或者0次,减少了系统的运算负担。为了进一步提升系统动态特性,提出根据系统状态将直接转矩控制(DTC)与MPTC自适应切换控制的策略。系统处于稳态时,采用基于开关表的MPTC;系统处于动态时,采用DTC。仿真结果表明:该策略结合了MPTC和DTC的优点,在保持控制效果的同时,提高了转矩动态响应,消除了动态下磁链脉动。     

基于SVPWM三电平变换器的变速恒频风力发电系统

分析了基于空间电压矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的三电平变换器,提出将其引入变速恒频双馈风力发电系统。整体分析了基于三电平的变速恒频双馈风力发电系统模型,并分别详细分析了基于三电平SVPWM网侧变换器的数学模型和控制结构,机侧空载并网的数学建模和控制结构。仿真结果表明,该三电平变换器有效降低了开关损耗;减小了纹波电流;输出电平增多,减小了电压变化;波形质量得到了很好的改善。仿真结果还表明,该三电平变换器能有效地实现风力发电系统的变速恒频控制,适用于变速恒频双馈风力发电系统。     

永磁同步电机有限集模型预测直接转矩控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)模型预测直接转矩控制(DTC)转矩脉动大、功率元件开关频率不恒定等问题,将两电平逆变器的8个电压空间矢量作为有限控制集,应用到PMSM DTC中。设计考虑转矩误差、最大转矩电流比及电流约束的成本函数,利用成本函数来估算有限集合中各电压矢量的占空比,从而求得逆变器的最优电压矢量作为系统控制量。与传统模型预测控制方法相比,该方法的电流谐波和转矩脉动显著降低,且转矩动态性能也得到改善。仿真试验结果验证了所提出的控制方案有效性。     

模块化多电平变频驱动系统的转矩脉动最小化控制

应用基于两电平变频器的传统感应电机驱动系统存在输出转矩脉动较大的问题。针对这个问题,设计了一种模块化多电平变频器驱动的多极感应电机转矩脉动最小化控制方案。基于多极感应电机设计了其多电平驱动变频器拓扑,并采用了一种单极性的载波移相空间矢量脉宽调制技术进行控制。通过脉冲序列生成分析和计算,系统的低次输出谐波都达到了开关频率的四倍频以上,进而有效降低了转矩脉动。基于模块化多电平变频器的多级感应电机驱动试验平台进行了对比试验研究,试验结果验证了在新型控制策略下的有效性,电机转矩脉动得到了明显改善。     

基于双级矩阵变换器的直接转矩控制系统

研究了基于双级矩阵变换器的异步电机直接转矩控制策略。传统的直接转矩控制(Direct Torque Control,简称DTC)算法直接施加在双级矩阵变换器的逆变级,而在整流级使用空间矢量调制的方法。在此设计了一种特殊的换流策略,即在整流级换流前后,在逆变级插入零开关状态,保证了整流级的零电流换流特性。该方法结合了DTC和双级矩阵变换器的优点。设计并实现了实验样机系统,实验结果验证了该控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

基于转矩预测的三电平逆变器直接转矩控制研究

针对合成矢量三电平逆变器直接转矩控制造成转矩脉动过大的缺点,提出了一种预前控制的方法。该方法根据磁链和转矩误差,来确定逆变器的参考电压矢量,然后利用空间矢量脉宽调制合成此开关电压矢量。仿真结果表明,在保证开关频率一定的情况下,该方法较好地减少了转矩脉动,且磁链轨迹近似为圆,电流波形正弦性良好。     

五桥臂逆变器驱动双异步电机调速系统的调制方法研究

在电力机车、电动汽车以及一些工业应用中,常需要两台或者两台以上的电机并联运行.因此,系统中需要多个逆变器.为了降低成本,针对两台电机独立控制的需求,本文研究了采用五桥臂逆变器拓扑的控制系统,并提出了一种适用于五桥臂逆变器的改进型七段式PWM调制方式.该调制方式基于传统的空间矢量脉宽调制技术,通过将控制周期进行分区来实现...     

异步电机模型预测三电平直接电流控制

三电平逆变器为控制系统提供了更多的电压矢量,相对于传统两电平逆变器能够使得直接电流跟踪控制变得更加精确,能进一步减小电流纹波。但是三电平逆变器存在中点电压平衡问题,如果不对中点电压进行控制会使得电机无法正常工作,同时在大容量三电平逆变器中一般需要其降低开关频率。因此,提出一种具有中点电压平衡和降低开关频率功能的模型预测直接电流控制方案:通过对中点电压进行预测控制,在模型预测直接电流控制的价值函数中加入开关切换次数的约束,能将中点电压有效控制在给定的范围内,并同时实现逆变器开关频率的降低;针对控制延时导致定子电流在参考值附近振荡并增加电流纹波和转矩脉动,采用延时补偿提高控制系统性能。仿真和实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

Compensation strategy of matrix converter fed induction motor drive under input voltage and load disturbances using internal model control

The Matrix Converter (MC) is well known for its diverse advantages and applications but the output characteristics are adversely affected by the input voltage disturbances because there is no energy storage elements present in the dc link. Hence the matrix converter fed drive performance is affected. In this paper, Internal Model Control (IMC) based controller which is capable of achieving perfect set point tracking and disturbance rejection is proposed for compensating the voltage disturbances and load disturbances of matrix converter fed vector controlled Induction Motor (IM) drives. Modeling of matrix converter with input voltage disturbances and parameter estimation of IMC based speed and current controllers for vector controlled induction motor drive are described in this paper. The simulation results validate the input voltage disturbance rejection and improved dynamic performance of matrix converter fed induction motor drive obtained using IMC based controller.     

Direct torque control for brushless doubly-fed machines

Work has illustrated the potential benefits of brushless doubly-fed machines in adjustable speed drive applications. While it has been shown that the drive is open-loop stable over a wide speed range, the resultant steady-state and dynamic performance characteristics are far from optimum. Thus, a closed-loop controller is desirable to achieve competitive drive performance. The controller proposed here is applicable for general purpose industrial drives in the medium to high power range. The nature of the doubly-fed machine, with two separate sources of excitation, only one of which is controllable, rules out field-oriented control strategies applied to conventional induction machines. However, the concept of direct torque control based on instantaneous error shows promise for this machine geometry. The present paper extends the concept of predictive torque control for induction machines to the doubly-fed machine. The controller calculates the value of converter voltage which leads to desired changes of flux and torque. Once the voltage is determined, conventional algorithms, such as space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM), can be used to generate the inverter switching function     

An Effective Four-Level Voltage Switching State Algorithm for Direct Torque Controlled Open End Winding Induction Motor Drive by Using Two Two-Level Inverters

This paper introduces an effective four-level voltage switching state algorithm for direct torque controlled open end winding induction motor drive with two-two level inverters in dual mode. In the recent days, direct torque control of open end winding induction motor drive became an interesting area for researchers because it provides high dynamic performance and instantaneous control of stator flux and torque. It is more important especially in applications like propulsion and hybrid electric vehicles they require ripple free torque. The direct torque control provides high flux, torque ripple, and variable switching frequency. This paper introduces an effective voltage switching state algorithm for an open end winding induction motor drive to reduce torque and flux ripple at different frequencies of operation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces torque and flux ripples without losing features of conventional direct torque control (DTC) algorithm and in addition it provides multi-level operation.     

Improved Torque and Flux Performance of Type-2 Fuzzy-based Direct Torque Control Induction Motor Using Space Vector Pulse-width Modulation

The conventional proportional integral controlled direct torque control of an induction motor using the space vector pulse-width modulation technique may provide satisfactory dynamic response. However, the proportional integral controller (PIC) does not provide efficient dynamic performance in the induction motor drive during sudden changes in the load or speed. To improve dynamic performance of the induction motor drive, the PICs are replaced by type-2 fuzzy logic control. The type-2 fuzzy improves the starting transient performance as well as the steady-state response. In addition, the type-2 fuzzy direct torque control provides lesser current total harmonic distortion, flux distortion, and torque pulsation of the induction motor drive compared to conventional direct torque control. A MATLAB Simulink (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) model for direct torque control with type-2 fuzzy logic control is developed to simulate the response of an induction motor drive with different operating conditions. The space vector pulse-width modulation technique is used to drive the inverter, as it produces lesser total harmonic distortion in inverter current and voltage waveforms for a given switching transition due to the single switching frequency for the movement of each state vector. A prototype type-2 fuzzy-based direct torque control induction motor with space vector pulse-width modulation is developed to validate the simulated response. The control signals for the inverter are generated by the DSPACE DS1104 (DSPACE GmbH, Germany) to drive a two-HP induction machine.     

基于SVPWM五相感应电机直接转矩控制研究

针对感应电机直接转矩控制(DTC)采用开关表的滞环方法时,存在电流和转矩脉动等问题,提出在DTC中应用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的方法。根据五相感应电机模型和DTC基本原理,推导出参考电压矢量。分析了五相逆变器的空间电压矢量,并从中选取出22个有效电压矢量,根据最近四矢量SVPWM算法,计算出第k扇区中工作电压矢量的作用时间。建立了基于双DSP控制的实验系统,实验结果表明,该方法减小了电流和转矩脉动,具有良好的稳态和动态性能。     

Hardware Implementation of Direct Load Angle Controlled Induction Motor Drive

In this article, a direct load angle (DLA) control method for induction motor drive is proposed to reduce the torque and flux ripple. It is based on control of incremental change in load angle. The torque control is achieved without losing the benefits of conventional direct torque control (DTC) by reference stator flux angle, which is the sum of load angle and rotor flux angle. In this proposed DTC scheme, coordinate transformation is not required in torque control unit and reference voltage sector number and angle are not required in PWM unit, which reduces the control complexity. Proposed DTC control method is applied to two level voltage source inverter fed induction motor drive and hardware results are presented. From the hardware results, it is found that the proposed DTC control scheme impressively reduces the torque and flux ripples when compared with conventional space vector modulation (SVM) DTC.     

基于离散空间矢量调制的直接转矩控制系统的仿真研究

针对异步电动机直接转矩控制(DTC)系统存在转矩和磁链脉动等缺点,提出一种基于离散空间矢量调制(DSVM)的DTC系统。根据转矩、磁链误差和速度的不同,在高低速应用不同的开关表,达到改善异步电动机运行性能的目的。仿真结果表明,利用该方法可明显改善异步电动机的电磁转矩脉动。