磷酸生产污水处理的改造

<正>山东明瑞化工集团有限公司有一套2万t/a的磷酸浓缩装置,在运行中发现该装置的污水处理系统不但不经济,而且不环保。而这些问题可以通过与公司原有磷铵装置的结合妥善解决。1原磷酸装置污水处理系统磷酸浓缩生产装置包括浓缩脱氟、磷酸澄清、尾气处理和污水处理4道工序。从浓缩脱氟工序出来的浓磷酸进入磷酸澄清工序;含氟气体进入尾气处理工序,形成的含氟废水进入污水处理工序。污水处理工序工艺流程见图1。污水处理工序     

中低品位磷矿在小磷酸装置的生产实践

介绍中低品位磷矿用于小磷酸装置生产采取的配矿、选矿措施及其指标控制情况,并通过技改逐一解决磷酸生产中出现的问题,取得磷收率由91.9%提高至94.5%的明显效果。     

磷酸浓缩装置设计和运行中的几个问题

<正> 近年笔者参加了云南磷肥厂磷酸浓缩装置的试生产并主持了两套日产75吨P_2O_5磷酸浓缩装置的引进技术、部分设备和仪表的建设及试车工作。本文拟就磷酸浓缩装置中的一些设计和运行问题谈谈个人的看法供有关同志参考。     

专利技术

正前处理单元及应用其的磷酸制备系统本专利公开一种前处理单元及应用其的磷酸制备系统,涉及湿法磷酸制备系统技术领域,以改善现有技术的磷酸制备系统中磷的回收率过低,以致制得的磷酸浓度较低的技术问题。本专利提供的前处理单元包括研磨装置和第一过滤装置;研磨装置用于将磷矿石研磨为矿浆,第一过滤装置用于对矿浆进行固液分离;研磨装置通过管道将矿浆输送到第一过滤装置的进料端。该前处理单元能够将磷矿石处理到所需     

磷酸污水“小循环”处理技术释疑

通过湿法磷酸生产过程中几种平衡关系的分析，强调了开好料浆法小磷铵装置磷酸污水“小循环”处理装置的一些关键概念，并在流程设置和设备选型方面提出了优化建议     

湿法磷酸装置技术创新方向

论述我国大型湿法磷酸装置生产技术和装置概况、湿法磷酸装置技术创新的方向:装置规模大型化(大于1 000 t/d P2O5);开采和利用低品位磷矿生产磷酸(如窑法磷酸工艺技术);湿法磷酸净化及分级利用;湿法磷酸生产过程中淤渣酸的综合利用;磷酸生产废水废渣(磷石膏)的综合利用。技术创新应是企业持续追求的目标。     

增大轴流泵流量和扬程的技改措施

针对磷酸浓缩装置中因轴流泵流量小、扬程低对石墨换热器冲刷不力,而使管内结垢快的问题,对轴流泵进行了改造。通过增大轴流泵电机端V带轮直径和更换大功率电机,泵的流量和扬程提高,装置运行平稳。     

二水湿法磷酸工艺对矿浆细度要求试验探讨

针对二水湿法磷酸装置存在的成品矿浆细度与原始矿浆细度基本一致、磷酸装置产出的石膏中不溶磷含量高、生产消耗居高不下的问题,对矿浆细度进行了不同方式的提升试验。试验结果表明：提高矿浆细度对磷酸生产是有利的,能明显降低石膏中不溶磷含量,减少磷损失;当过150μm（100目）的矿浆质量分数提升至90％左右、过420μm（40目）在99．5％以上时,已能满足磷酸生产要求;继续提高矿浆细度对改善磷酸装置产出的石膏指标无明显改善,反而增加能耗。     

焦炉煤气磷酸法脱氨工艺及应用

结合已投产工程,介绍了焦炉煤气磷酸法脱氨的工艺流程、装置特点及主要技术经济指标;分析了磷酸法脱氨装置设计中应注意的安全设施的设置、自动控制的选择、无水氨管道系统的选择、泵密封选择及脱氨工艺的选择等问题;磷酸脱氨技术与钢铁企业烧结烟气氨法脱硫和火电厂烟气氨法脱硝的配合应用,具有较好的经济效益、环保效益和社会效益。     

二水法改半水-二水法磷酸生产技术改造

为了优化精制磷酸装置原料磷酸预处理流程,将萃取I系列和萃取II系列2套二水法磷酸装置,改造为1套7万t/a半水-二水法磷酸装置。主要介绍改造内容,改造后的工艺流程、装置的运行情况、存在问题及解决措施。技改后,经过半年的试生产,装置产能得到明显提升,技术经济指标得到较大改善,总磷收率大于98.0%,是二水法改半水-二水法磷酸生产技术的重要探索。     

解偶联蛋白-2在软脂酸诱导的HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗中的作用及其与核转录因子-κB的关系

目的探讨解偶联蛋白-2(Uncoupling protein-2,UCP-2)在软脂酸诱导的HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗(Insulin-resistance,IR)中的作用及其与核转录因子-κB(Nuclearfactor-κB,NF-κB)的关系。方法将HepG2细胞分为正常对照组、软脂酸组(加0.25mmol/L软脂酸)、高胰岛素组(加100nmol/L胰岛素)、软脂酸+京尼平组(加0.25mmol/L软脂酸和10μmol/L京尼平),培养24h后,再用100nmol/L胰岛素刺激,分别于12h后测定培养液中葡萄糖、MDA、SOD、ALT、AST、GGT、TG的浓度;油红O染色法观察细胞的脂变情况;流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位改变;30min后采用半定量RT-PCR及Westernblot法检测细胞IRS-2、UCP-2及NF-κB的表达水平。结果胰岛素作用12h后,细胞培养液中葡萄糖含量软脂酸组与高胰岛素组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。培养液中葡萄糖含量、ALT、AST、MDA、GGT、TG的含量及UCP-2和NF-κB的表达水平,软脂酸组均较正常对照组和软脂酸+京尼平组显著升高(P<0.05),软脂酸+京尼平组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。线粒体膜电位、SOD和IRS-2的水平,软脂酸组显著低于正常对照组和软脂酸+京尼平组(P<0.05),软脂酸+京尼平组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 UCP-2在软脂酸诱导的肝脏胰岛素抵抗中起着重要作用,其机制可能与NF-κB有关。     

Evolution of properties in ABS/PA6 blends compatibilized by fixed weight ratio SAGMA copolymer

Blends of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and Nylon 6 (PA6) incorporating styrene-acrylonitrile-glycidyl methacrylate (SAGMA) copolymer as compatibilizer have been studied across five different compositions by varying the PA6 ratio from 15 wt% to 55 wt%. The evolution of morphology from discrete dispersed PA6 particles to phase inversion to co-continuous phases effected due to the compatibilizer have been studied vis-à-vis preliminary melt flow analysis, viscoelastic behavior, physico-mechanical and thermal properties of the blends. Single point viscosity measurements during melt flow analyses are indicative of a significant increase in viscosity upon initial incorporation of PA6 followed by narrow increases with content. It is observed that while there are gradual positive modifications in physico-mechanical properties with increasing PA6 content, the most significant improvements are observed for room temperature izod impact strength and break elongation effected in the region of phase inversion on to the formation of a co-continuous phase. The low temperature impact strength at −40 °C essentially remains comparable to that of control ABS. DMTA analysis evidences partial dissolution of the blend components by the shifts of the damping peaks (Tg) of PB rich phase, SAN and PA6. Broadening of the damping peak of PB rich phase of ABS is attributed to increasing interfacial region due to PA6-g-SAGMA molecular layer at the interface. Thermal stability of the blends were not significantly affected in comparison to control ABS and PA6.     

小氮肥生产装置挖潜改造的经验总结

介绍了小氮肥生产装置挖潜改造的经验：适当改造变换工段主要设备的内部结构,即将其生产能力从１５万ｔ／ａ扩大至３万ｔ／ａ;用Φ８００的合成塔替代原合成塔,就能将合成工段的生产能力从２万ｔ／ａ扩大至３万ｔ／ａ。     

Pan‐milling mixing – a novel approach to forming polymer blends and controlling their morphology

A novel technique (pan‐milling mixing) was developed to control the morphology and thus enhance the mechanical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6 (PP/PA6) systems. Through pan‐milling at ambient temperature, PP/PA6 pellets of particle size 2–4 mm can be effectively pulverized to well‐mixed micrometre fine powders in the solid state. During pan‐milling of mixtures of PP and PA6, the polymer molecules undergo chain scission and form copolymers that compatibilize the two polymers in situ. By press moulding the finely mixed PP/PA6 powder obtained at a temperature between the melting points of PA6 and PP (for example 200 °C), a blend can be obtained in which the PA6 powder, retained throughout the process in the solid state, is well dispersed in the PP matrix. The mechanical properties of the system are much better than that of PP/PA6 blends prepared by common twin screw extrusion mixing and injection moulding. Tensile strengths of the fine PA6 particle filled PP/PA6 (70/30) blend is 29.3 MPa, which is 6.1 MPa higher than that of a conventionally prepared PP/PA6 blend. The Izod notched impact strength of a fine PA6 particle‐filled PP/PA6 (70/30) blend is 6.34 kJ m^?2, which is 1.72 kJ m^?2 higher than that of a conventionally prepared PP/PA6 blend. Morphological analysis shows that the domain size of PA6 in the system is much smaller than that of the PP/PA6 blend, and can be controlled by the processing conditions such as temperature. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Deformation of dispersed PA66 phase in drawn PA66/SAN blend

Polyamide 66/styrene acrylonitrile (PA66/SAN) drawn strands were prepared by stretching the corresponding extrudates at 130 °C. During stretching, the PA66 droplets in the extrudate are deformed as a result of the stretching-induced stress. In drawn strands, the morphology of the deformed PA66 is greatly affected by the morphology of the PA66 dispersed phase in the extrudate as well as by the interfacial adhesion between the PA66 and SAN matrix. Upon stretching, the cylindrical PA66 threads in the uncompatibilized extrudate [styrene acrylonitrile maleic anhydride (SANMA) as compatibilizer] deform into PA66 fibrils with large aspect ratio, while the small spherical PA66 droplets are only slightly deformed. Interfacial adhesion between the PA66 and SAN is improved in the compatibilized PA66/SAN extrudate. Consequently, despite the small diameter, PA66 droplets in the compatibilized blend are greatly deformed during stretching.     

充油SEBS-g-MAH增韧PA6性能的研究

以SEBS为增韧剂对PA6进行增韧改性，研究了SEBS的用量和处理方法对PA6性能的影响以及充油SEBS-g-MAH对不同牌号PA6性能的影响。结果表明，PA6的冲击韧性随SEBS用量的增加而提高，尤其是充油SEBS-g-MAH的加入，使共混物的韧性及伸长率得到明显改善，当充油SEBS-g-MAH的质量分数为10％时，体系的常温缺口冲击强度是纯PA6的6倍。SEBS的熔融接枝过程中，严格控制挤出温度和转速是增韧改性的关键。     

差别化功能型细旦PA66-POY生产技术探讨

通过对差别化功能型细旦PA66-POY项目建设的总结,阐述了生产差别化功能型PA66-POY的设备、工艺控制的关键及工艺要求。成功生产出多种规格达到设计要求的合格的PA66长丝,产品可纺性好,优等品率达98%。     

双向拉伸膜用PA6切片质量控制指标及分析方法

对双向拉伸膜用PA6切片质量控制指标及其分析方法进行了探讨,提出了双向拉伸膜用PA6切片的试用性企业标准。简述了PA6质量控制项目的分析方法。PA6质量控制项目有水分、单体、低聚物、相对分子质量分布、可萃取物、相对粘度、凝胶粒子、灰分、氧化度、熔点、热焓、结晶度、堆积密度等。