NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE NEW METHOD OF HORSESHOE VORTEX CONTROL

The horseshoe vortex generated around the sail-body junction of a submarine has an important influence on the uniformity of the submarine wake at the propeller disc. In this article, the horseshoe vortex is simulated by the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) method, and a new method to control the horseshoe vortex by vortex control baffler is proposed. The numerical simulation shows that a kind of attached vortex, with the rotation direction opposite to that of horseshoe vortex, is generated by the vortex control baffler. With the attached vortex, the strength of the horseshoe vortex is significantly reduced. The wind tunnel experiment on a submarine model is carried out, and the axial velocities at the propeller disc of the submarine with and without vortex control baffler are measured by a hot wire anemometer system. It is shown from the experimental results that the vortex control baffler can enhance the uniformity of the wake at the propeller disc, which helps to improve the propeller performance. The engineering applicability of the vortex control baffler is discussed.     

调距桨梢涡精细流场的数值模拟

为验证湍流粘度取为mk/的修正剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型在螺旋桨梢涡精细流场粘性模拟中的适用性,对驱逐舰母型桨DTMB5168调距桨的梢涡流动进行了模拟与校验。结果显示:0.9R以上径向区域周向平均的轴向、周向和径向速度分量均与试验值吻合很好,但0.9R以下区域的径向速度分量存在一定偏差;0.7R和0.92R处沿周向变化的三个速度分量变化形态均与试验值一致,故可由此来确定梢涡涡核区,但周向和径向速度分量峰值比试验值略小;轴向0.3R距离内梢涡涡核运动轨迹的模拟结果与试验值吻合较好。由此证明了修正的SST湍流模型在螺旋桨梢涡流动模拟中的适用性,还表明由叶梢区的径向、周向和轴向方向以及桨叶近壁面法向、叶截面弦长方向和尾流轴向方向的网格节点密度来局部控制叶梢区流动的模拟效果的可行性。     

拖式吊舱螺旋桨定常性能理论计算

本文提出拖式吊舱螺旋桨(螺旋桨位于吊舱首部)定常水动力性能的势流理论计算方法。螺旋桨采用升力面理论涡格法、吊舱采用面元法分析计算，二者的相互干扰通过叠代计算来处理。考虑吊舱的影响，修改了尾涡模型。应用本方法，计算了拖式吊舱螺旋桨的定常性能，并与空泡水筒试验结果进行了比较，计算与试验吻合良好。     

明渠柱体上游马蹄涡的运动学特征研究

马蹄涡是水下柱体结构周围床面冲刷的主要动力。为掌握马蹄涡的运动学特征,引入了基于旋转强度的马蹄涡识别方法,提出了基于椭圆涡拟合的马蹄涡特征提取方法,其中,椭圆涡由Oseen涡和倾斜单向剪切流叠加而成。基于上述方法,通过开展明渠圆柱绕流PIV实验,对柱体上游对称面时均流场中马蹄涡的运动学特征进行了研究。结果表明,在柱体雷诺数大于104的紊流柱体绕流中,马蹄涡上游的流动分离点随柱体雷诺数的增大而缓慢向下游移动,但马蹄涡的位置保持不变,涡中心距柱体中轴约0.67D(D为柱体直径或宽度),距床面约0.06D;随着柱体雷诺数的增大,马蹄涡的半径不变而强度增加,使得马蹄涡作用于床面的剪切应力增大。研究结果建立了客观提取马蹄涡运动学特征的数学方法,得到了流动分离点、马蹄涡位置等运动学特征随水流条件的变化规律,揭示了明渠柱体绕流与其它流动中柱体绕流的差异,初步构建了马蹄涡的动力作用概念模型。     

A numerical study on dispersion of particles from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow using discrete vortex method

The dispersion of particles emitted from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow at the Reynolds number of 200 000 is numerically investigated using the discrete vortex method coupled with a Lagrangian approach for solid particle tracking. The wake vortex patterns, the temporal-spatial distributions and trajectories as well as the dispersion functions for particles with various Stokes numbers（St） ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 are obtained. The numerical results reveal that：（1） Solid particles on the cylinder surface are picked up and then transported away from the cylinder by the wake vortex flow.（2） Solid particles emitted from the cylinder surface always follow the vortices in the cylinder wake, and the response of particles to wake vortices is directly related to their Stokes numbers（particles with St= 0.001, 0.0038, 0.01 can distribute both in the vortex core and around the vortex periphery, whereas those with St= 0.1, 1.0 can not enter the vortex core and congregate mainly around the vortex periphery）.（3） The particles move in rolling state in the wake region, and the dispersion intensity of particles in the lateral direction decreases remarkably as the Stokes number of particles is increased from 0.001 to 1.0.     

海山后尾迹涡形成因素的数值研究

该文采用regional ocean modeling system(ROMS)海洋模式,对理想channel中的海山模型,研究均匀分层流作用下,不同的伯格数和来流条件对海山诱导的尾迹涡及垂向流动的影响。结果表明,伯格数越大,越有利于海山后尾迹涡的产生,涡的强度不断增大,且涡脱落频率加快;随流速的增加,海山后尾迹涡的强度增大,涡脱落频率加快,且海山周围的垂向流动增强;当来流速度较低(0.05 m/s)及较高(0.8 m/s)时,均不利于在海山后形成稳定的垂向流动。     

横流中有限宽窄缝射流的旋涡结构

本文应用PIV流动显示技术详细测量了有限宽度窄缝射流从底部射入横流的流场结构。在此基础上采用湍流数学模型及相应的混合有限分析方法，得到横流中有限宽窄缝射流的时均及瞬态流场、涡量场，以此来分析流场、涡量场特性，揭示各种具有拟序结构性质的复杂涡系的产生、发展及演化过程。实验观察到射流迎、背流剪切涡层卷起形成类开尔文涡列。本文还探讨了横流绕流分离旋涡的生成机理及其转向。另外，观测到射流喷口上游的马蹄涡系以及射流逆流区下游尾迹区旋涡的层状结构形式。通过拓扑分析的方法，给出了横流中有限宽窄缝射流旋涡近区流场的拓扑性质。     

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性数值模拟与验证研究

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性研究是水动力学领域的重点与难点.此文采用数值模拟方法研究了潜艇近水面航行时的艇/桨干扰特性.首先介绍了计算方法:流场采用RANS方法结合RNGk -ε湍流模型求解;自由液面捕捉采用VOF方法;螺旋桨运转采用滑移网格方法;带螺旋桨潜艇表面与计算域内全部采用结构化网格进行离散.然后,对于SUBOFF潜艇模型在不同浸深下的阻力特性进行了数值模拟,分析了自由液面对于模型阻力的定量影响.最后,对于带螺旋桨的SUBOFF潜艇模型在深潜与近水面状态下的艇后推力、扭矩进行了数值模拟,分析了自航因子,研究了艇/桨干扰特性.计算结果与试验结果进行了详细的对比分析,验证了计算方法与计算结果的可靠性.本文的工作可为将来构建数值拖曳水池提供技术支撑.     

排沙漏斗流场特性与排沙机理研究

排沙漏斗是一种截沙率高、耗水率小的二级泥沙处理设施。为了进一步探明排沙漏斗的流场特性和排沙机理,该文采用声学多普勒流速仪(ADV)对排沙漏斗立轴螺旋流进行了三维流场测试,采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)和VOF方法数值模拟了排沙漏斗内清水流场,计算的水流时均流速分布与实测结果吻合良好。通过数值模拟方法得到了全面详细的排沙漏斗流场结构信息,并据此分析了排沙漏斗的排沙机理,提出二次流是排沙漏斗能够顺畅高效排沙的关键。     

同轴套管间涡旋流动及强化传热数值模拟

相对旋转两同轴套管间的涡旋流动,能够带来二次流强化传热传质作用,在航空、水处理、生态保护、生物工程和膜分离等领域都具有广泛的应用价值。本文使用Fluent软件,对同轴套管间涡旋流动及传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了内管转速、内外管壁面温差等操作参数变化对同轴套管间流体传热性能的影响,分析了涡旋流动与传热效率之间的关联关系。模拟结果表明:内管转速增加在流场中形成泰勒涡,涡流扰动增大了高温壁面与流体间的热流密度,增强了流体传热效率。增大内外管壁面温差,也可加强流体传热性能,但其强化作用不及内管转速的强化作用显著。受流场中泰勒涡影响,流体速度、温度及热流密度沿轴向的分布都呈正弦状周期性波动,在相邻两涡交界面处,流体传热性能最好,在涡中心处的传热性能最差。     

Numerical prediction of effective wake field for a submarine based on a hybrid approach and an RBF interpolation

A hybrid approach coupled with a surface panel method for the propeller and a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) model for the hull with the propeller body forces are presented for predicting the self-propulsion performance and the effective wake field of underwater vehicles. To achieve a high accuracy and simplicity, a radial basis function(RBF) based approach is proposed for mapping the force field from the blade surface panels to the RANS model. The effective wake field is evaluated in two ways, i.e., by extrapolation from the flat planes upstream of the propeller disk, and by direct computation in a curved surface upstream of and parallel to the blade leading edges. The hull-propeller system of a real propeller geometry is further simulated with the sliding mesh model to numerically verify the hybrid approach. Numerical simulations are conducted for the fully appended SUBOFF submarine model. The high accuracy of the RBF-based interpolation scheme is confirmed, and the effective wake fraction predicted by the hybrid approach is found consistent with that obtained by the sliding mesh model. The effective wake fractions predicted by the two methods are, respectively, 4.6% and 3% larger than the nominal one.     

排水系统入海口新型消能工

通过实体模型试验研究了某排水系统入海口水工建筑物的水力性能,设计提出一种新型的墩栅涡流室消能工。该新型消能工的水力特点是:流出排水隧洞的高速水流大部分通过进口墩栅空隙流入涡流室,小部分在进口墩栅前发生水跃后扎入涡流室中产生强烈的顺时针漩涡,通过水跃、墩栅的阻力和涡流室漩涡的共同作用消能,并将来流的动能转换为势能,之后,涡流室中的大部分水流在重力作用下通过出口墩栅空隙流向下游,其余水流从墩栅顶部溢流。这种新型的墩栅涡流室不仅消能效果良好而且出流均匀,并容许各种杂物如石块、泥沙等自由通过,避免涡流室中发生严重的淤积。     

Physical and numerical modeling of swirling flow in a scroll vortex intake

Scroll vortex intakes are hydraulic structures commonly used in water supply, drainage and sewerage systems. Water flows into the intake via an eccentric approach channel and a vortex chamber imparts swirl to the flow, leading to a stable air core vortex along the dropshaft. Although much effort has been devoted to investigate the scroll vortex flow, yet the understanding on its hydraulic characteristics is still far from complete due to a lack of detailed velocity field measurements. This paper presents the first comprehensive measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) flow field of a scroll vortex intake using non-intrusive Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). A validated 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model with the Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method is developed for interpreting the measurement. It is found that the vortex flow in the scroll chamber resembles a free vortex and the circulation is approximately equal to that at the chamber inlet, with a thin bottom boundary layer. The vortex flow at the bellmouth outlet possesses a circulation constant smaller than that in the chamber, and its vertical velocity component is approximately constant across the flow thickness.     

民机不同后体空间流态水洞实验研究

利用荧光黄纳及片光在水槽中对具有不同收缩比的民机后体的复杂绕流进行流动显示，探讨了后体的分离尾涡特性及参数影响．实验发现后体收缩比改变时对应了两种典型的尾涡流态，即稳定流向尾涡和周期性尾涡，并进一步探讨了尾翼对后体尾涡的影响。     

方型人工鱼礁周围水流运动的数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,模拟得到了5种不同来流速度(0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 m/s)下方型人工鱼礁(边长为3 m)周围的水流场。铅垂平面上的计算结果表明:当水流贴近礁体迎流面时,水流抬升而形成上升流;不同来流速度工况下,上升流最大速度均约为来流速度的0.64倍,上升流平均速度均为来流速度的0.12倍,而上升流的最大高度为礁体高度的2.62～2.65倍;由于流动分离,在礁体顶面形成一小旋涡区,而在礁体背水面后端形成背涡区;5种来流速度下的背涡区长度均为礁体高度的3.0～3.5倍,而背涡区高度为礁体高度的1.1～1.2倍。水平面上的计算结果表明:紧贴礁体四周为水流减速区,在礁体两侧形成小旋涡区(缓流区),而在礁体背部形成一大旋涡区(背涡区);背涡区内的水流旋涡结构随来流速度大小而变,但背涡区的最大宽度基本不随来流速度的改变而改变,约为礁体宽度的2倍。     

不可压缩旋转涡对的流噪声计算研究

相隔一定距离的两个同向旋涡相互诱导而形成绕中点旋转的涡对,进而诱发流噪声。该文基于不可压缩流场提供的非稳态流动信息,采用黏声分离法研究水流场中旋转涡对的声学特性。计算结果同理论值进行比较,并探讨了计算条件对计算稳定性和准确性的影响。计算结果表明:在选取合适的计算参数(人工阻尼、网格尺寸和时间步长)的情况下,黏声分离法方法适用于预测水流噪声。对不可压缩旋转涡对的声场特性进行分析,得到旋转涡对声压图案类似四极子,在远场接近圆柱波;随着旋转马赫数的增加,声压级增大。     

ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMICS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW AROUND WAVING PLATES

Hydrodynamic characteristics for two-dimensional flow around a waving plate are investigated. Under large Reynolds number approximation, the flow is assumed to be a combination of the outer potential flow and a thin vortex layer, which consists of a boundary layer and a shed free shear layer. A nonlinear mathematical formulation for describing the outer unsteady potential flow coupled with an unsteady boundary layer equation for the inner viscous flow adjacent to the waving plate is developed. A semi-analytical method with a nonlinear Kutta condition imposed at the trailing edge is used to solve the velocity field of the outer flow and the evolution of wake vortex induced by a large-amplitude waving plate. The unsteady boundary layer equation is solved by extending Pohlhausen’s method to its unsteady counterpart. The thrust and viscous drag coefficients, propulsive efficiency, and the pattern of wake vortex sheet are discussed.     

鱼尾舵水动力性能研究

本文提出了一种计算带制流板的鱼尾舵在螺旋桨流中水动力性能的方法。舵的水动力及其对周围流场的影响面元法计算，螺旋桨性能及尾流场通过无了叶数的简易螺旋桨理论来预估，而舵上下制流板的影响则应用升力面理论涡格法来计算。     

圆柱尾迹流场中横向振荡翼型绕流的数值模拟

该文数值模拟了静止圆柱尾迹中横向振荡翼型绕流的涡结构、力及频谱特性,揭示前方尾迹流场对振荡翼绕流特性的影响，以了解鱼类游动时自主利用前方流场有利干扰的流体力学机理。研究表明圆柱尾迹的影响可导致翼型前缘涡脱落模态发生变化；翼型尾迹的频谱特性更加复杂;在一定的参数下翼型阻力系数可以整体下降。     

Circulation characteristics of horseshoe vortex in scour region around circular piers

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the circulation of the horseshoe vortex system within the equilibrium scour hole at a circular pier, with the data measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Velocity vector plots and vorticity contours of the flow field on the upstream plane of symmetry (y = 0 cm) and on the planes ±3 cm away from the plane of symmetry (y = ±3 cm) are presented. The vorticity and circulation of the horseshoe vortices were determined using the forward difference technique and Stokes theorem, respectively. The results show that the magnitudes of circulations are similar on the planes y = 3 cm and y = -3 cm, which are less than those on the plane y = 0 cm. The circulation decreases with the increase of flow shallowness, and increases with the densimetric Froude number. It also increases with the pier Reynolds number at a constant densimetric Froude number, or at a constant flow shallowness. The relative vortex strength (dimensionless circulation) decreases with the increase of the pier Reynolds number. Some empirical equations are proposed based on the results. The predicted circulation values with these equations match the measured data, which indicates that these equations can be used to estimate the circulation in future studies.