频域扩频码片级差分检测的误码率性能分析

该文提出了一种频域扩频系统中的差分检测方法:频域扩频码片级差分检测.通过利用判决变量的矩生成函数,并采用鞍点近似的分析方法,得到了频域扩频码片级差分检测的误码率性能的解析表达式,同时进行了仿真验证.分析和仿真结果表明,频域扩频码片级差分检测具有抵抗频率选择性衰落的能力,在信道的相干带宽不小于两个码片对应的频带宽度的前提下,随着信道多径时延扩展的增加,其误码率性能有进一步的提高.     

基于差分检测的多载波无线通信系统研究

针对载波相位难以恢复的不足,在研究的基础上选择了独特的方式对多载波频域扩频码片级差分进行检测,检测时克服各种难度,同时对接收机设计进行简化。该方法可提高直接序列扩频系统抵抗信道时间选择性衰落的能力,同时针对多载波频域扩频码片级差分检测的误码率性能进行理论分析。仿真实验表明,该方法可减少载波间干扰对码片级差分检测的影响,改善了在时间选择性较强的多载波频域扩频码片级差分检测信道中的性能。     

用复合正交换频码进行调制的M—ary MC—CDMA方法

本文提出了一种用复合正交扩频码进行调制的M－ary MC-CDMA方法,在频率选择性慢衰落信道,用等增益合成和最大化率合成分析了系统下行链的性能,并与单扩频码系统进行了比较,最后给出了保护时隙对系统的影响。     

通信系统中多径衰落信道传输性能的改进

通信系统中多径衰落信道传输性能的改进是当前比较热门的研究课题.我国的通信系统中多径衰落信道传输性能还存在严重的劣势,还存在着诸多有待解决的问题.在实用瑞利衰落信道下,存在加性高斯白噪声,对直接序列扩频通信系统抑制码片内、外多径干扰的能力进行理论分析与计算机仿真.在多径衰落信道较强的条件下,与提高扩频增益相比,增加扩频码的码长对于提高移动通信系统的抗多径衰落性能更加有效,但是扩频增益并非越高越好,需合理选取;证实扩频通信系统在多径瑞利衰落信道中传输时能有效地克服多径衰落.本文简要分析了瑞利衰落信道模型,并深入的研究和探讨了扩频通信系统抗多径干扰性能.     

Ricean衰落信道下一种正交多载波CDMA系统的性能

本文提出了一种新的多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统.与传统系统相比,其主要区别是采用多个并行MC-CDMA分支,每一个分支用一组正交子载波进行调制.在每个分支上,使用相同扩频序列的不同码片调制子载波.这种系统能更有效地利用传输带宽,实现频率分集.由于该系统降低了每个子载波上的数据速率,扩频序列更容易同步.最后给出了系统在Ricean衰落信道下的性能分析.     

时间选择性快衰落信道中OFDM系统的ICI功率分析

OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,正交频分复用)系统中,信道的时间选择性快衰落会破坏子载波间的正交性,导致系统中出现载波间干扰(Inter-carrier Interference,ICI),降低OFDM系统性能.论文使用信道函数泰勒展开式的前两项近似信道函数,并以此为基础分析了OFDM在时间选择性快衰落信道中的性能,给出了ICI功率及其上界与信道最大多普勒扩展的关系式.仿真分析表明论文给出的关系式和ICI功率上界能够较为准确的描述OFDM系统在快衰落信道中ICI功率及其上界与信道最大多普勒扩展的关系.     

频率选择性衰落信道下长扩频序列CDMA 系统的盲波束成形

本文提出一种适用于频率选择性衰落信道下长扩频序列CDMA系统，基于DMMSE准则的盲波束成形方案。该方案反频率选择性衰落信道分解成若干个非频率选择性衰落子信道，不需要训练符号开销，回避跟踪衰落信道参数，以所需用户的扩频序列作为永久性训练序列。仿真结果验证了其抵抗远近效应、抑制多址干扰的能力。     

基于神经网络均衡器的小波包多载波扩频系统

在多径衰落信道下,本文提出了一种基于神经网络均衡器的小波包多载波扩频系统(Neural Network Equalizers Wavelet Packet Spread Spectrum,NNE-WPSS).本文利朋基于最小均方算法(Least Mean Square algorithm,LMS)的复径向基函数神经网络均衡器(Complex Radial Basis Function Network Equalizers,CRBF)来抑制由多径衰落信道引起的码间干扰(Inter-Symbol Interference,ISI)并且利用最大似然算法对解调后的码元进行检测.在多径衰落信道和白高斯噪声情况下,本文分析了基于神经网络均衡器的新型小波包多载波扩频系统的传输性能.仿真结果表明,本文所提出的基于神经网络均衡器的新型小波包多载波扩频系统的性能要优于传统的基于正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)多载波扩频系统;本文提出的复径向基函数神经网络均衡器(CRBF)的性能也优于迫零均衡器(Zero-Forcing Equalizer,ZFE).     

SC-FDE系统的一种新型判决反馈均衡器

针对单载波频域均衡系统MMSE均衡器存在残留码间干扰的缺点,提出MMSE-RISIC判决反馈均衡器消除残留码间干扰.MMSE-RISIC均衡器采用传统MMSE均衡后的判决数据,对残留码间干扰进行估计并消除.残留码间干扰的估计主要采用FFT和IFFT运算,与其他方法相比计算量较小.对该均衡器在不同信道下进行了计算机仿真,结果表明,在频率选择性衰落信道条件下,系统性能有了较为明显的提高.     

基于SVD的LC_CDMA通信系统信道估计研究

在LC-CDMA通信系统中，由于在多径衰落信道下使用了时变扩频码，使得信道估计非常困难，而对接收机的设计往往需要信道的先验知识。本文建立了长码条件下的CDMA通信系统模型和多径频率选择性衰落信道的FIR滤波器模型，利用子空间分解的方法，推导了长码条件下CDMA通信系统的信道估计算法，并仿真分析算法的性能。     

Chip‐interleaving direct sequence spread spectrum system over Rician multipath fading channels

Chip interleaving (CI) is a unique technique to exploit time diversity in direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS)‐based systems operating in fading environments. In order to facilitate design of CI systems in various fading situations, we present a performance analysis for CI DS/SS system over Rician multipath time‐varying fading channels. We derive the analytical bit error rate (BER) expression for CI DS/SS to allow fast and accurate evaluation of BER performance based on the interleaving depth selected, spreading codes employed, and the time correlation function of the channel. We then discuss some ideal cases by using the analytical results to reveal some of the insights presented in the performance analysis. For the purpose of comparison, we also obtain the BER expression for conventional DS/SS system as a special case of CI system with an interleaving depth of one. Using numerical examples, we verify the analytical results with computer simulations and illustrate the BER performance behavior of CI DS/SS system with varying interleaving depth for all possible combinations of two sets of spreading codes of different type and two different time correlation functions of the channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved differential detection of chip-level differentiallyencoded direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals

In a paper by Cavallini et al. (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, p.456-63, Apr. 1997), chip-level differential encoding/detection for direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals was proposed to cope with frequency-nonselective fast fading channels. It was shown that, unlike in the additive white Gaussian noise channel, in time-varying fading channels the system performance may be considerably improved, especially when the spreading factor is increased. In this paper, noncoherent sequence detection, recently proposed by the authors, is the starting point for the derivation of receivers with improved performance with respect to that of standard differential detection. For M-ary phase-shift keying signals, a theoretical analysis is performed and the results are confirmed by means of computer simulation. The performance advantage of taking into account a larger phase memory, with respect to the minimum accounted for by differential detection, is demonstrated. In particular, the amount of phase memory is optimized as a function of the Doppler spread for a Rayleigh frequency-nonselective fading channel. The robustness in the presence of phase noise is also investigated by means of computer simulation     

扩频通信系统性能指标的分析

首先简要介绍了通信系统中接收机灵敏度和系统电平余量的概念，然后着重分析了在不同的扩频通信系统中这两项指标的估算方法，最后总结了各种系统的特点。     

A comparison of slow-frequency-hop and direct-sequencespread-spectrum communications over frequency-selective fading channels

Spread-spectrum modulation can provide protection from the selective fading that is typically encountered in mobile radio networks. Because the methods of combating frequency-selective fading are quite different for slow-frequency-hop (SFH) and direct-sequence (DS) spread spectrum systems, these two types of modulation perform very differently. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of SFH and DS systems under identical conditions for several models of the wide-band fading channel. Each system has the same bandwidth, transmits over the same frequency-selective Gaussian wide-sense-stationary uncorrelated-scattering channel, and uses error-correction coding to combat thermal noise and fading. The probability of bit error at the output of the decoder is determined for each system by a combination of analysis and simulation. Results are presented for systems with a single transmitter-receiver pair and for networks with multiple simultaneous transmissions (i.e., multiple-access communications). The multiple-access network is distributed, so that control of power by a central terminal, such as a base station, is not possible. The results illustrate the tradeoffs in performance between SFW and DS spread-spectrum systems as a function of the parameters of the signals and the channel model. The performance of the SFH system is shown to be less sensitive to the exact characterization of the channel delay spectrum than the DS system. For most of the channels considered in this paper, SFH spread spectrum gives better performance than DS spread spectrum     

一种结合频率扩展编码的空时码MIMO OFDM系统性能及实现

该文利用MIMOOFDM系统中宽带信道的频率选择性衰落对不同窄带子载波上传输信号的不同影响,提出了一种结合频率扩展编码(FSC)的空时码设计．仿真结果表明,与其它的MIMOOFDM系统比较,该方法不仅可以有效地利用选择性信道内在的频率分集及保证系统频谱利用率,而且结构简单,容易实现．     

认知车载网的频谱感知性能分析

认知车载网中不同的衰落传播信道会影响频谱感知的性能.为了描述不同信道下的频谱感知性能,分析了加性高斯白噪声信道、瑞利衰落信道和Nakagami-m衰落信道条件下的频谱感知单用户能量检测概率和协作能量检测概率,重点是Nakagami-m衰落信道、检测衰落因子、次用户的数量和信噪比这几个参数对协作频谱感知性能的影响.仿真结果表明,通过对不同信道特性的准确了解能够帮助车辆在不同衰落信道环境下提高频谱的检测概率.     

Detection performance of cooperative spectrum sensing with hard decision fusion in fading channels

In this paper, we investigate the detection performance of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) using energy detector in several fading scenarios. The fading environments comprise relatively less-studied Hoyt and Weibull channels in addition to the conventional Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m and log-normal shadowing channels. We have presented an analytical framework for evaluating different probabilities related to spectrum sensing, i.e. missed detection, false alarm and total error due to both of them, for all the fading/shadowing models mentioned. The major theoretical contribution is, however, the derivation of closed-form expressions for probability of detection. Based on our developed framework, we present performance results of CSS under various hard decision fusion strategies such as OR rule, AND rule and Majority rule. Effects of sensing channel signal-to-noise ratio, detection threshold, fusion rules, number of cooperating cognitive radios (CRs) and fading/shadowing parameters on the sensing performance have been illustrated. The performance improvement achieved with CSS over a single CR-based sensing is depicted in terms of total error probability. Further, an optimal threshold that minimises total error probability has been indicated for all the fading/shadowing channels.     

Adaptive Equalization and Reed–Solomon Coding in High-Data-Rate Frequency-Hop Spread-Spectrum Communications

There is an increasing need for mobile packet radio networks that support link data rates of hundreds of kilobits per second to several megabits per second. If a radio network employing slow-frequency-hop (SFH) spread-spectrum modulation operates at these high data rates, however, the channel is likely to exhibit frequency-selective fading within each frequency slot of the SFH system. The frequency selectivity manifests itself as intersymbol interference at the receiver, and adaptive equalization must be employed in the receiver for each dwell interval in order to compensate for the intersymbol interference. In this paper, we examine the performance of a SFH spread-spectrum system with Reed–Solomon coding in a channel that exhibits time-selective and frequency-selective fading within each frequency slot. The performance is evaluated for systems in which the receiver employs maximum-likelihood sequence estimation in an equalizer that is retrained on a hop-by-hop basis. The performance of a receiver that uses errors-only decoding of Reed–Solomon codewords is considered. The use of the parity-bit method for erasure insertion and errors-and-erasures decoding is also investigated. The performance of a receiver that employs erasures of individual symbols only is compared with the performance of a receiver that also employs threshold-based erasures of entire dwell intervals. The effect of the system bandwidth and the Doppler spread on the comparison is also examined.     

PERFORMANCE OF MULTIUSER DETECTION FOR CDMA SYSTEM IN A FLAT RAYLEIGH FADING ENVIRONMENT

In a CDMA communication network using conventional signal detection, system capacity is limited and its performance is degraded by the multi-access interference (MAI). Multiuser detection, which makes use of cross-correlation information between spread spectrum codes, can reduce or eliminate the MAI in a Gaussian channel so as to mitigate the near-far effects and increase the system capacity. This paper extends the multiuser detector to a flat Rayleigh fading CDMA environment, and discusses the bit error rate of typical multiuser detection algorithms in such a environment by combining theoretical analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that multiuser detection is superior to conventional detections in the flat Rayleigh fading channels.